RU2316446C1 - Method of raising sunken object and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods of raising sunken objects.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in launching pontoons from base ship which are flooded with water; after securing the pontoons to sunken objects, they are blown with air and are raised to base ship together with sunken object. All pontoons are embraced by holder and cavities are formed inside each of them between rigid envelopes which are hermetic relative to one another and are interconnected by means of rigid strips. In launching the pontoons, pressure of water is built up in each cavity between adjacent envelopes with the aid of water pump. Pressure of water is increased at launching the pontoons from zero on water surface and is reduced at raising the pontoons. Number of envelopes inside pontoon hull is considered to be equal to "n-1", where n ratio of depth H of water basin, m to depth h, m corresponding to limiting pressure the pontoon hull and envelopes are rated at. Proposed method together with device for its realization makes it possible to raise sunken objects from deep depths exceeding limit depth by several times.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and reliability.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of work on lifting sunken objects and can be used to lift ships and perform installation, dismantling and transport operations at the bottom of reservoirs associated with the development of offshore mineral deposits.

A known method of lifting a sunken object, which consists in lowering from the base vessel to the sunken object a periodically stacked rod, grabbing the sunken object and raising it with the removal of the upper sections of the rod, and a device for implementing the method, comprising a base vessel - a catamaran with a rod made of interconnected by means of detachable locks of sections with zero buoyancy, associated with a boom beam, made with a load gripping device, as well as a lifting mechanism installed on the base vessel 3M and the locking mechanism for the said rod (AS USSR No. 885101, CL B63C 7/02, 1977).

The disadvantage of this method and its implementing device is the relatively large loads experienced by the drive of the lifting mechanism, which limits the scope of the device to lift sunken objects of small weight from relatively shallow depths.

A known method of lifting a sunken object, implemented in the form of a ship-lifting device (prototype), in accordance with which the lifting is carried out by lowering from the base vessel water-filled pontoons with hulls of a cylindrical shape, equipped with nozzles with locking devices for supplying water and air, which after attaching to the sunken the object is purged with compressed air and raised together with the sunken object (Big Soviet Encyclopedia. M., ed. "Soviet Encyclopedia", p.52 (143), 1975).

However, the disadvantage of the known method and its implementing device is the ability to immerse the pontoons only at a relatively shallow depth, determined by the strength of the pontoon body, which limits the possibilities of using the method and device.

The technical result of the invention is the possibility of lifting the sunken object from great depths several times greater than the maximum depth, limited by the strength of the pontoon bodies when using the known method and the device that implements it.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of lifting a sunken object, which consists in lowering pontoons filled with water from the base vessel, which, after attaching to the sunken object, are blown with compressed air and lifted together with the sunken object to the base vessel, according to the invention, all the pontoons are combined inside the hulls of each pontoon form cavities between rigid shells sealed from each other, and when lowering the pontoons in each cavity between adjacent shells create pressure in rows, which increases starting from zero at the surface of the reservoir, when submerged pontoons and reduce their pressure rise, the pressure in the cavities between the shells when submerged pontoons full depth determined from the relations

p _i = ip, i∈ [1, (n-1)], n = H / h, h = p / (gγ),

where p _i is the pressure (Pa) of water in the i-th cavity of the pontoon, counting from the inner shell, n is the ratio of the depth H of the reservoir (m) to the depth h (m) corresponding to the limiting pressure p (Pa) for which the hull is designed and pontoon shell, g — gravitational acceleration, m / s ² , γ — water density, kg / m ³ .

The water pressure in the cavities between the shells of the pontoons can increase and decrease continuously during the entire cycle of lowering and raising the pontoons. The pressure of water in the cavities between the shells of the pontoons can increase and decrease stepwise when lowering and raising the pontoons. In a device for lifting a sunken object containing a base vessel, cylindrical pontoons filled with water and blown with compressed air, equipped with nozzles with shut-off devices for supplying water and air, according to the invention, each pontoon is provided with sealed cylindrical shells located inside its hull with gaps between each other on all their surfaces with the formation of closed cavities, the shells are interconnected by hard jumpers, each cavity is inter in case of shells, the nozzle is connected to the water pump with the possibility of pressure regulation, and the number of shells inside the pontoon body is taken to be n-1.

A device for lifting a sunken object is shown in FIG. 1 — side view, FIG. 2 — longitudinal section along the pontoon, FIG. 3 — view A of FIG. 2.

A device for lifting a sunken object contains (Fig. 1) a lifting mechanism 2 located on the base vessel 1, which is kinematically connected by a flexible element 3 to the pontoons 4 connected into a cage 5. The lower part of the cage 4 is equipped with load gripping devices 6 with the possibility of their interaction with the sunken object 7 Each pontoon 5 is equipped (figure 2, 3) with sealed shells 8 of cylindrical shape, placed inside its body 9 with gaps between them on all their surfaces, forming closed cavities 10. Shell 8 is connected m waiting a rigid webs 11. Each cavity 10 between the shells 12 pipe 8 with a locking device connected with the water pump (not shown) to generate in this cavity different pressures. The number of shells 8 inside the body 9 of the pontoon is taken equal to n-1. The central part 13 of each pontoon 5, the volume of which is determined by the position of the inner shell 8, is equipped with a nozzle 14 with a locking device 15 connected to a source of compressed air (not shown), and a device 16 for filling the central part 13 of the pontoon with water. 17 - a reservoir. The device can be equipped with devices (not shown) that stabilize the position of the clip 4 with pontoons 5 in space, and location devices (not shown).

A device for lifting a sunken object acts as follows. After placing the base vessel 1 above the sunken object 7, the central parts 13 and cavities 10 of the pontoons 5 are filled with water through the device 16 and the nozzles 12, and then, with the help of the lifting mechanism 2 and the flexible element 3, they are lowered into the reservoir 17 to the sunken object 7. In this process the immersion of the cage 4 with pontoons 5 in the cavities 10 gradually or stepwise increases the pressure, starting from zero on the surface of the reservoir 17. By the time the cage 4 with pontoons 5 of the sunken object reaches the pressure in the cavities 10 between the shells of 8 pontoons 5 t to values determined by the relations

p _i = ip, i∈ [1, (n-1)], n = H / h, h = p / (gγ),

where p _i is the pressure (Pa) of water in the i-th cavity of the pontoon, counting from the inner shell, n is the ratio of the depth H of the reservoir (m) to the depth h (m) corresponding to the limiting pressure p (Pa) for which the hull is designed and pontoon shell, g — gravitational acceleration, m / s ² , γ — water density, kg / m ³ .

After connecting the load gripping devices 6 with the sunken object 7, the central parts 13 of the pontoons 5 are blown through the nozzle 14 with compressed air to displace the water therein, and then the locking device 15 is closed. During the lifting of the sunken object 7 connected to the pontoons 5, in the cavities 10 between the shells 8 begin to lower the water pressure, bringing it to zero at the moment when the pontoons 5 with the sunken object are raised to the surface of the reservoir 17. Simultaneously, when the pontoons 5 are raised, the resulting when they rise, I slack the flexible element 3, which is wound on the drum of the winch of the lifting mechanism 2.

Due to the constant (continuous) or stepwise, every h meters of the depth of the reservoir 17, changes in the water pressure in adjacent cavities 10 between the shells 8 when lowering and raising the pontoons 5, the pressure on the housing 9 and on the shells 8 located inside it does not exceed the permissible value determined from the condition of ensuring their strength, regardless of the depth H of the reservoir 17, since the number of shells 8 corresponds to the depth H of the reservoir. The gaps forming the internal cavities 10 between the shells 8 are small (their sizes are determined by the possibility of water flowing around the entire perimeter of each shell 8), therefore, the useful volumes of the pontoons 5 are slightly different from the volumes occupied by their bodies 9.

Distinctive features of the invention make it possible to lift a sunken object from great depths several times higher than the existing maximum depth when using materials mastered by the industry and manufacturing techniques for ship-lifting equipment.

Claims (4)

1. A method of lifting a sunken object, which consists in lowering pontoons filled with water from the base vessel, which, after attaching to the sunken object, are blown with compressed air and lifted together with the sunken object to the base vessel, characterized in that all the pontoons are combined into a cage inside the body of each pontoon form cavities between rigid shells sealed from each other, and when lowering the pontoons in each cavity between adjacent shells create a water pressure that increases, starting from zero The values on the surface of the reservoir, when submerged pontoons and reduce their pressure rise, the pressure in the cavities between the shells when submerged pontoons full depth determined from the relations p _i = ip; i∈ [1, (n-1)]; n is H / h; h = p / (gγ), where p _i is the pressure (Pa) of water in the i-th cavity of the pontoon, counting from the inner shell n is the ratio of the depth H of the reservoir (m) to the depth h (m) corresponding to the limiting pressure p (Pa) for which the hull and shells are designed pontoon; g is the acceleration of gravity, m / s ² ; γ is the density of water, kg / m ³ . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water pressure in the cavities between the shells of the pontoons increase and decrease continuously throughout the entire cycle of lowering and raising the pontoons. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water pressure in the cavities between the shells of the pontoons increase and decrease stepwise when lowering and raising the pontoons. 4. A device for lifting a sunken object, containing the base vessel, launched from the base vessel, filled with water and purged with compressed air, cylindrical pontoons equipped with nozzles with locking devices for supplying water and air, characterized in that each pontoon is equipped with sealed cylindrical shells, placed inside its body with gaps between them on all their surfaces with the formation of closed cavities, the shells are connected by hard jumpers, each cavity is between the shells, the nozzle is connected to the water pump with the possibility of regulating the pressure, and the number of shells inside the pontoon body is taken to be n-1, where n is the ratio of the depth H of the reservoir (m) to the depth h (m) corresponding to the limiting pressure for which the housing is designed and pontoon shell.

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