RU2564271C1 - Method of sunken ship surfacing and complex for surfacing and floating sunken submarines and other vessels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: pontoons are secured to sunken ship to control its buoyancy. Sunk vessel is surfaced by concentrated force to impart a positive buoyancy. Prior to fitting pontoons in place, sunk vessel is cleaned of mud by hydraulic process. Pontoons are filled with gas mix released from underwater seams containing gas hydrates. Pulp composed of water-gas mix formed at extraction of gas mix from underwater seams is forced into hydraulic nozzles.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and safety of lifting.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for conducting rescue operations at sea and can be used when lifting sunken ships, other submarine objects, including submarines, submarines and fragments of offshore platforms for hydrocarbon production.

In the practice of rescue operations, the following well-known methods of lifting wrecks are used (Catalog of diving equipment for rescue and ship-lifting equipment. / Giprorechtrans. - M .: 1989. - 125 pp. [1], E.R. Goldin, V. P. Kozlov, F. P. Chelyshev. Underwater-technical and ship-lifting emergency rescue operations. M.: Transport. - 1990. - 335 S. [2]):

- lifting with the help of lifting pontoons;

- drainage of the compartments of the vessel after their sealing (restoration of buoyancy);

- the use of various lifting means;

- filling the compartments of the vessel with light materials;

- filling the compartments of the vessel with foam plastic materials;

- a combined method, including restoring buoyancy and lifting to the surface of a sunken ship by means of pontoons or hoisting devices.

To hoist large sunken ships in practice, mainly lifting pontoons are used (V.N. Zorbidi. Rescue and ship lifting operations. M .: Transport. - 1976. - 216 p. [3], Avramov N.Yu. Ship lifting. - L . - M .: Water transport, 1938, pp. 137-139 [4], patents: RU 2063902 C1, 07.20.1996 [5], RU 2059519 C1, 05.10.1996 [6], RU 95103177 A1, 12.20.1996 [7], RU 2051067 C1, 12/27/1995 [8]).

There is also known a method that relates to emergency work on the lifting of sunken ships, mainly submarines. The known method of lifting wrecks using pontoons (patent RU No. 2198817, 02.20.2003 [9]) involves removing water from the internal compartments of the hull through valves in its lower part under the action of excessive internal pressure before filling the pontoons with air.

The claimed technical result of the known method [9] is achieved by the fact that in the compartments of the sunken ship create excess pressure relative to the pressure of the external marine environment, under the action of which water from the compartments is pushed into the external marine environment through valves made in the hull of the vessel, while the excess pressure in the compartments the ship is created by a series of successive explosions of small charges mounted in the hull. The implementation of this method reduces the time of preparatory operations and reduces financial costs.

The disadvantage of this method is that when the sunken ship is under a thick layer of silt, the efficiency of creating excess pressure by performing a series of successive explosions with low-power charges can be reduced to zero, because valves in the hull may be clogged with sludge. In addition, there is the likelihood of unforeseen destruction of the sunken hull elements due to explosions.

A common drawback of known methods and devices for lifting sunken ships or other large objects is that they practically do not provide lifting of sunken objects under a thick layer of silt, in addition, the known methods and devices are very time-consuming and unsafe, which is confirmed by theoretical studies of dynamics ship lifting, which show that under conditions of excitement, a raised vessel or other sunken large-sized object may be in the range of parametric resonance. This circumstance can lead to neglect of a labor-intensive ship-lifting operation.

Also known is a complex for lifting the transportation of sunken submarines and other vessels, which relates to the field of means intended for ship lifting and rescue operations (patent RU No. 2390460, 05.27.2010 [10]). The complex contains two self-propelled floating lifting equipment, equipped with lifting devices with a gripper mounted on them. The gripping device includes a frame with pivoting drive legs, allowing to cover the hull of the sunken ship without compression. In this case, the gripping device is configured to change the longitudinal and transverse angle of capture to eliminate the "suction effect" of the body to the ground.

After raising the sunken ship, bow and stern fairings and bottom attachments are attached to self-propelled floating lifting devices, forming a drained space in the form of a floating self-propelled dock.

At the same time, it is possible to lift the sunken ship from various depths and its subsequent safe transportation, in contrast to the known complex for lifting sunken ships, which contains a catamaran type surface vessel and immersed apparatus with tongs, connected by a cargo power cable to a surface vessel with a longitudinal truss, carrying submerged vehicles moving along the farm with winches and serviced by two overhead cranes each (patent RU No. 2205769 C2 [11]), and also in contrast to the known complex for lifting sunken objects, which also includes a vessel for lifting sunken objects, containing two hulls and connecting their transverse beams, resting on hulls along their diametrical plane through the foundation, as well as lifting devices placed on the beams (patent RU 2284277 C2 [12] )

In addition, it is also known a catamaran-type lifting vessel containing hulls with a power unit mounted on them and a lifting device, containing four columns mounted in pairs from the side of the vessel’s inner sides, with the possibility of moving in the vertical plane and four load-bearing rods with a gripping mechanism (copyright certificate SU No. 885101 [13]).

Known devices for lifting ships have common significant drawbacks inherent in catamaran vessels related to providing rigidity and strength in marine conditions, and also have a limited depth of immersion of the grips, the need for underwater work to capture the ship, the difficulty of safely transporting a raised ship in suspended conditions in the sea condition between the hulls of the catamaran; limited device functionality.

It is also known a device for lifting sunken objects, containing a shell, the cavity of which is filled with water and / or gas medium, a valve for discharging water and / or gas medium, a cable attached to the shell from below with an engagement element (patent RU No. 2397103, 08/20/2010 [14 ]).

The objective of the known invention [14] is to facilitate the delivery of devices for lifting sunken objects to the bottom of the water area and delayed their rise.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for lifting sunken objects containing a shell, the cavity of which is filled with water and / or gas medium, a valve for discharging water and / or gas medium, a cable attached to the shell from below, with an engagement element, is installed in the lower part of the shell at least one removable holder attached to it and located in the cavity of the shell of the capsule containing a substance interacting with the aqueous medium with gas evolution, and the wall of the capsule is made of material not Resistant relative to the aqueous medium. On the outside of the shell, a sealed chamber is attached to its upper part, filled with gas or other medium lighter than water.

A disadvantage of the known device [14] is the restriction on use, since this device is designed to lift small objects, for example, a metal structure model from the bottom of the swimming pool.

As a prototype of the proposed method, the method of lifting a sunken ship using pontoons using a complex for lifting and transporting a sunken ship (patent RU No. 2479460 C1, 04/20/2013 [15]) is selected.

The objective of the known technical solution [15] is to expand the functionality of the method of lifting a sunken ship and a device for lifting a sunken ship, as well as improving the safety of lifting operations and reducing their complexity.

The problem in the known technical solution [15] is solved due to the fact that in the method of lifting a sunken ship, including attaching pontoons to the hull of the sunken ship, regulating its buoyancy, and raising the sunken ship with concentrated force to the surface of the water, while the vessel being lifted is given zero buoyancy , in which, unlike the known methods, pontoons are placed in cassettes installed in tiers, before installing the pontoons, the sunken ship is released from the submerged silt layers by The hydraulic method, and the sunken ship to release silt give birth flexible cloth with ballast equipped with hydraulic nozzles, in the separation of the sunken ship hull from the ground under its bottom by tugs give birth underwater scraper.

The problem in the known technical solution [15] is also solved due to the fact that the complex for lifting and transporting the sunken ship, consisting of a vessel for underwater work with lifting devices, pontoons that are attached to the hull of the sunken ship, floating attachments, additionally contains a panel with ballast, equipped with hydraulic nozzles, the floating attachment is made in the form of an underwater drag, which is made in the form of an all-metal structure, in the lower part of which are placed goats. At the same time, the cloth with ballast, equipped with hydraulic nozzles, is provided with a frame of the upper edge of the cloth with a rigid “crossbar” - traverse, to which the slings are attached, the pontoons are grouped and placed in cassettes, which are attached to the hull of the sunken ship by means of sling towels, cassettes, their upper parts are interconnected by means of lightweight beams and installed in tiers.

The essence of the known technical solution [15] lies in the fact that pontoons are attached to a sunken ship or other large-sized object, ensuring zero buoyancy. At the same time, pontoons are formed into groups that are placed in cassettes installed in tiers; before installing the pontoons, the sunken ship is released from the submerged silt layers by the hydraulic method. After that, compressed air is fed into the pontoons through the compressed air supply and flooding system of the pontoons, equipped with etching and safety valves. After the wreck is separated from the ground, under its bottom by means of tugs, an underwater drag is made, which is an all-metal structure consisting of a bottom with skids with a low coefficient of friction, stiffeners, fenders and attachment points.

A disadvantage of the known method of lifting a sunken ship by means of a complex for lifting and transporting a sunken ship [15] is the operation of fastening the pontoons by combining them into groups and subsequent stacking in cassettes.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the reliability of lifting a sunken ship.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of lifting a sunken ship, including attaching pontoons to the hull of the sunken ship, regulating its buoyancy, and raising the sunken ship by concentrated force on the surface of the water, while the lifted ship is given zero buoyancy, before setting up the pontoons, the sunken is released the vessel from the layers of underwater sludge by the hydraulic method, while to release the sunken vessel from the sludge, a flexible one is put in place with a ballast equipped with by influential nozzles, when the hull of the sunken ship is torn off the ground, an underwater drag is set up under tugs by means of tugs, unlike the prototype [15], the pontoons are filled with a gas mixture extracted from underwater reservoirs containing gas hydrates by the hydraulic method, when the sunken ship is freed of hydraulic sludge the pulp is fed into the hydraulic nozzles by the method in the form of a water-gas mixture formed during extraction of the gas mixture from underwater reservoirs containing gas hydrates, and in the complex for lifting and transport of a wreck, consisting of a ship providing underwater work with lifting devices, pontoons that are attached to the hull of the sunken ship, a floating attachment, additionally containing a cloth with ballast, equipped with hydraulic nozzles, the floating attachment is made in the form of an underwater drag that is made in the form of an all-metal construction , in the lower part of which runners are placed, unlike the prototype [15], the pontoons are made of elastic material and are placed around the perimeter of the sunken ship , Pontoons and hydraulic hoses are connected to the nozzle with a device for the extraction of the gas mixture from the underwater reservoir containing gas hydrates.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing (figure).

Drawing - Scheme of the preparation of a sunken ship for lifting. A sunken ship 1, a flexible cloth 2 with a ballast 3, a ship 4 for providing work with a lifting mechanism 5. The upper edge of the flexible cloth 2 is framed by a beam 6, to which slings 7 are attached and fastened to the anchor 8 by a guy 9, pontoons 10, which by means of knots The fasteners 11 are connected to an underwater drag 12. The blade 2 is equipped with hydraulic nozzles 13, which, like the pontoons 10, are connected by hoses 14 to a device 15 for extracting a gas mixture from underwater reservoirs 16 containing gas hydrates. A device 15 for extracting a gas mixture from underwater reservoirs 16 containing gas hydrates is connected to the vessel 4 to ensure operation by means of a pipe 17 for supplying heated water, a lifting cable 18 and an electric cable 19.

Underwater drag 12, as in the prototype (Fig. 2 [15]), is an all-metal structure consisting of a bottom with skids with a low coefficient of friction, stiffeners and fenders.

Pontoons 10 are equipped with compressed air purge, flooding systems, etching and safety valves. Compressed air is supplied from the surface and under water through cylinders - air guards.

A device 15 for extracting a gas mixture from underwater reservoirs 16 containing gas hydrates is connected to the vessel 4 for operation by means of a pipe 17 for supplying heated water, a lifting cable 18 and an electric cable 19 and is intended for the thermal and mechanical destruction of gas hydrates to produce gas and distribute the resulting gas on the pontoons 10.

The device 15 for extracting the gas mixture from the underwater reservoirs 16 is made in the form of a bell, to the upper closed end of which a pipe 17 for supplying heated water, a lifting cable 18, an electric cable 19 and hoses 14 for transporting the forming pulp to the pontoons 10 and to the hydraulic nozzles 13 is connected.

The heated water supplied is distributed along the inner surface of the bell wall using thin pipes equipped with special hydrant nozzles at the end in the lower part of the bell for pulsed power supply of water in different directions, which is provided by rotation of the device (rotor) placed in the device for mechanical destruction of the surface layer of gas hydrates .

The rotation of the rotor, as well as, if necessary, additional heating of the water in the device are provided with electricity supplied from the vessel.

Heating and water supply to the pipes is carried out using equipment equipped with measuring instruments installed on a supply vessel. To reduce losses, the lower part of the bell is equipped with an elastic skirt.

A pulp is formed in the inner space of the bell, consisting of fragments of gas hydrates, gas, a solution of methane in water and particles of soil. This mixture under the influence of excess pressure created by the supply pipe, through a hose system enters the lifting pontoons.

Information on the amount of gas received in each pontoon, through a wired channel is supplied to the supporting vessel, from which the operation of the lowered device is controlled, in particular, the distribution of gas flows over the pontoons.

Lifting pontoons are designed for lifting a sunken ship (object) to the sea surface or a given depth.

Technically, they are elastic shells reinforced with a grid of coal (glass), fibers, to which a cable is attached to raise a sunken ship (object) with a device for securing it to the object. In the upper part of the shell there is a hole for the release of gas through a valve controlled by a pressure and sheath lifting speed sensor located in the cowl above the hole. The lower part of the cylinder is open and is designed to exit from the cylinder of excess water and particles of soil entering the hoses together with the pulp from the lowering device for extracting the gas mixture.

The method is implemented as follows.

Prepare the sunken ship 1 to rise to the surface. Moreover, to release the sunken ship 1 from the sludge, a flexible cloth 2 with a ballast 3 equipped with hydraulic nozzles was used. When water is supplied through the nozzles under pressure, the sludge erodes, the ballast 3 plunges into the depth, dragging the cloth 2. The cloth 2 can be lowered into the water from the ship 4 by means of a lifting mechanism 5. Lining the cloth in a line is achieved by framing the upper edge of the cloth with a rigid “cork” - traverse 6, to which the slings are attached 7. After immersing the panel 2 to the calculated depth, its upper edge is attached to the anchor 8 using a guy 9 (or guy 9 is fed to the vessel 4).

Sludge is cleaned between the section of the sunken ship 1 and the cloth 2 after fastening on the guy wires 9 the upper edge of the cloth 2 on the anchor 8 or on the ship 4. To ensure greater reliability of the cloth 2, it can be reinforced by hammering the tongue with fastening on the braces.

After that, over the sunken ship 1 start pontoons 10, regulating its buoyancy. The installation of pontoons 10 around the perimeter of the sunken ship allows you to more evenly distribute the load on the raised flooded object.

When the hull of the sunken ship 1 is torn off the ground under its bottom by means of tugs, an underwater drag 12 is set up, which is an all-metal structure consisting of a bottom with skids with a low coefficient of friction, stiffeners and fenders. After winding the drag 12 under the bottom of the sunken ship 1, compressed air is supplied to the pontoons 10 to ensure that the sunken ship 1 rises to the estimated depth of its transportation by means of tugboats to the destination.

The application of the invention will improve the efficiency of lifting operations by reducing the complexity and safety when carrying out lifting operations of large-sized sunken objects.

Information sources

1. Catalog of diving equipment for rescue and lifting equipment. Giprorechtrans. - M .: 1989. - 125 p.

2. E.R. Goldin. V.P. Kozlov, F.P. Chelyshev. Submarine and ship lifting emergency rescue operations. M .: Transport. - 1990 .-- 335 s.

3. V.N. Zorbidi. Rescue and ship lifting operations. M .: Transport. - 1976. - 216 p.

4. Avramov N.Yu. Ship lifting. - L. - M .: Water transport, 1938, p. 137-139.

5. Patent RU No. 2063902 C1, 07.20.1996.

6. Patent RU No. 2059519 C1, 05/10/1996.

7. Patent RU No. 95103177 A1, 12.20.1996.

8. Patent RU No. 2051067 C1, 12/27/1995.

9. Patent RU No. 2198817, 02.20.2003.

10. Patent RU No. 2390460, 05.27.2010.

11. Patent RU No. 2205769 C2.

12. Patent RU 2284277 C2.

13. Copyright certificate SU No. 885101.

14. Patent RU No. 2397103, 08.20.2010.

15. Patent RU No. 2479460 C1, 04.20.2013.

Claims (2)

1. A method of lifting a sunken ship, including attaching pontoons to the hull of the sunken ship, regulating its buoyancy, and raising the sunken ship with concentrated force to the surface of the water, while the vessel being lifted is given zero buoyancy, before installing the pontoons, the sunken ship is freed from the submerged sludge by hydraulic a method, in order to free the sunken ship from the sludge, a flexible cloth is opened with a ballast equipped with hydraulic nozzles, when the hull is torn off of the vessel from the soil under its bottom by means of tugs, an underwater scavenger is introduced, characterized in that the pontoons are filled with a gaseous mixture extracted from underwater reservoirs containing gas hydrates by the hydraulic method, when the sunken vessel is removed from the sludge by the hydraulic method, the pulp is fed into the hydraulic nozzles in the form water-gas mixture formed during the extraction of the gas mixture from underwater reservoirs containing gas hydrates. 2. A complex for lifting and transporting a sunken ship, consisting of an underwater work vessel with lifting devices, pontoons that are attached to the hull of the sunken ship, a floating attachment, additionally containing a cloth with ballast equipped with hydraulic nozzles, the floating attachment is made in the form of an underwater drag, which is made in the form of an all-metal structure, in the lower part of which skids are placed, characterized in that the pontoons are made of elastic material and placed along the perimeter of the sunken ship, pontoons and hydraulic nozzles are connected by hoses to a device for extracting the gas mixture from underwater reservoirs containing gas hydrates.