RU2473197C1 - Method of tillage and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture and can be used in the implementation of the bridge agriculture. The method consists in the fact that the soil is simultaneously lifted and loosened with the corresponding impulses of compressed air through vertical immersion into the ground of the group of pneumorapiers, which are spaced by a distance of R=kH, where k=0.3-3.0, H is a depth of pneumorapiers immersion into the soil, and deep layerwise energy efficient loosening of soil is carried out by impulses of compressed air fed periodically while the pneumorapiers immersion into the soil to the required depth of treatment. The device for soil treatment comprises the bearing frame with working elements in the form of pneumorapiers oriented vertically. The bearing frame is equipped with four joints connected with the corresponding hydraulic cylinders of the lifting mechanism of the agricultural plant bearing device with the possibility of vertical movement of the bearing frame. The pneumorapiers are mounted evenly throughout the area of the bearing frame at a distance R in accordance with the method described above, and the tillage is carried out as stepwise operation.

EFFECT: claimed method and the device provide for increase of the depth and quality of loosening the soil while simultaneous reduction of the energy intensity of the process.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The method includes deep layer-by-layer energy-efficient loosening of the soil by means of a vertical pulsed action of compressed air. The soil treatment device comprises a supporting frame and working bodies mounted on it in the form of vertically oriented pneumatic rappers with a high-pressure air-pulse drive.

The proposed group of inventions relates to the field of agriculture, namely to deep bulk tillage, and can be used in the implementation of bridge farming.

Known methods of subsurface plowing, including subsurface and subsequent active loosening of the soil: SU 1148577 A1, 04/07/1985; SU 1407423 A1, 07/07/1988; RU 2415530 C1, 04/10/2011.

The main problem of subsurface plowing is that mechanical loosening of the soil with chisel plows requires a lot of traction and, as a result, a large grip weight of the tractor, which compacts the soil. The same factor limits the depth of loosening of the soil with chisel plows. A significant disadvantage of the known methods is also the increased energy intensity.

As the closest analogues of the inventions claimed as part of the proposed group of inventions, the soil treatment method and the soil treatment device disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,233,915 A, 11/18/1980, can accordingly be adopted. The known method, by definition, is intended for the cultivation of the upper layer of relatively loose soil by vertically volumetric exposure to the soil using short pulses of compressed air or liquid. This, in particular, is evidenced by the structural and functional features of the known device, which predetermined rather severe restrictions on its capabilities in terms of depth and quality of loosening the soil. The known device includes a trailed carrier frame on wheels with a rotating hollow shaft, on which working bodies are installed in the form of radially arranged tubes with conical ribbed nozzles having openings for automatically supplying short pulses of compressed air or liquid through them into the soil in the vertical lower position. The immersion in the soil of tubes (working bodies) radially located on the horizontal shaft is carried out under the influence of the weight of the carrier frame, the compressor installed on it and specially used weighting agents.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of deep and high-quality loosening of the soil (various types of soils), since in the known device immersion of the working bodies in the soil is objectively limited by the position of the hollow axis bearing them relative to the treated surface, and the quality of loosening of the soil depends excessively on the depth of loosening and soil density.

The task of the claimed group of inventions is to overcome these disadvantages.

The technical result of the claimed group of inventions is the provision of deep, high-quality and effective tillage.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the soil cultivation method according to the invention, the soil is simultaneously lifted and loosened with corresponding pulses of compressed air by vertical immersion in the soil of a group of pneumo-rappers (tubes) spaced apart from each other at a distance R = kH (where H is the depth immersion of pneumorapir in the soil; k = 0.3-3.0), while deep layer-by-layer energy-efficient loosening of the soil is carried out periodically by supplied pulses of compressed air as the pneumorapir is immersed in the soil to the required th processing depth.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the claimed soil processing device, the constructive solutions of the basic elements and its working bodies are, in particular, due to a fundamental change in the main vector of soil processing from horizontal to vertical (vertical-volumetric). Moreover, instead of mechanical impact on the soil, a pulse-air (compressor) method of deep tillage (loosening) of the soil is proposed, which is implemented in a step-by-step mode. The solution of the technical problem according to this invention is achieved by vertical immersion in soil to a depth of 70-75 cm or more of the working bodies of the soil treatment device, made in the form of special pneumatic rappers (tubes) grouped in a specific way on the basis of the supporting frame, and supplying a short pulse of compressed air of high pressure. Penetrating into soil microcracks, compressed air expands sharply and loosens it. Thus, the rise and volumetric loosening of the soil are carried out simultaneously (comprehensively) due to the energy of pulses of compressed air of high pressure. As a result, there is a significant increase in the specific surface area of the soil. The lower soil layers are enriched with air containing up to 80% free nitrogen. Significantly improves the infiltration properties of the soil. All this together contributes to a real increase in soil fertility. The optimal levels of energy efficiency and the quality of processing (loosening) of the soil are largely ensured by the rational arrangement of vertically oriented pneumatic rappers on the area of the supporting frame. Pneumatic rapiers are placed at a calculated distance R = kH from each other (where H is the depth of immersion of the pneumo rapier in the soil; k = 0.3-3.0 is a coefficient determined experimentally). For such tillage, the traction of a tractor that compacts the soil is not required. The step-by-step movement of the device for implementing the method of tillage is carried out without workloads and can be performed using an energy-efficient soil-saving agro-unit (agromost) of lightweight construction.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the method of tillage.

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a device for implementing the method of tillage.

Figure 3 shows the tip of the pneumatic rapier in position when deepening the pneumatic rapier into the ground.

Figure 4 shows the tip of the pneumatic rapier in the position when a pulse of compressed high pressure air is supplied to the channel of the pneumatic rapier.

The essence of the method of tillage is as follows.

Pneumorapers 1 (Fig. 1) of a soil tillage device spaced apart by a distance R are vertically immersed in the soil to a depth of H (a particular case of single-layer soil cultivation is shown when the depth of loosening of the soil H is equal to the depth of immersion of the pneumorapir in the soil - N). Moreover, the optimal distance between the pneumo-rapiers depends on the physico-mechanical properties of the soil and the immersion depth of the pneumo-rapier (N). Their ratio is determined by the dependence R = kH, where k = 0.3-3.0 is a coefficient determined experimentally. Loosening of the soil is carried out by supplying compressed air to high pressure from the micro-compressors 2 due to the opening of electro-pneumatic valves 3. The micro-compressor has a small volume, which allows only loosening, but not ejection of soil to the surface during the supply of compressed air. The volume of micro-compressors can be changed by adjusting depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The claimed method allows to increase the depth of processing (loosening) of the soil to almost any justified value (70-75 cm or more). If the soil is highly compacted, the proposed method allows for loosening in layers, using periodically supplied pulses of compressed air as pneumatic rape deepens.

The method of tillage is implemented by a special device.

A device for implementing the method of tillage (figure 2) is used as a mounted tool specialized agroaggregate, for example agromost, capable of providing a step-by-step mode of tillage. The agromost has a working carriage 4 (shown in fragmented form) equipped with a vertical movement mechanism, for example, four hydraulic cylinders 6. On the carrier frame 5 of the soil cultivation device, four standard hinges are connected correspondingly to the hydraulic cylinders 6. The hinges are located opposite the corresponding hydraulic cylinders 6 with the possibility of vertical movement supporting frame 5. On the supporting frame 5 is fixed a group of vertically oriented pneumatic rappers 1, installed uniformly over the entire area of the frame in flax and transverse directions at distances R from each other. Each pneumo rapier 1 is equipped with a separate microressiver 2 connected to the pneumo rapier using a pneumatic valve 3. Each micro rapier has a volume change device, for example, a piston 7, moved inside the cylinder 8 by means of a screw mechanism 9. Depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, a preliminary setting is made using the screw mechanism 9 of the required volume of the micro-receiver. Filling of micro-compressors 2 with high-pressure compressed air before the next impulse (the next impulse action on the soil) is carried out from the common receiver 10 through the collector 11 due to the short-term opening of the filling electro-pneumatic valves 12. The constant working pressure in the common receiver 10 is supported by the compressor 13.

Pneumorapier 1 (figure 3) is made in the form of a tube and is equipped at the end with a pointed tip 14 having coaxial 15 and radial 16 channels for the passage of compressed air. The shank 17 (figure 4) keeps the tip from falling out of the pneumatic rapier. Accordingly, a flange 18 is made at the end of the tubular pneumo rapier, interacting with the shank 17 of the tip 14.

A device for implementing the method of tillage works as follows. The compressor 13 maintains a constant pressure in the common flow receiver 10. When the electro-pneumatic valves 12 are opened, all micro-compressors 2 are filled with high pressure compressed air. After they are filled, the valves 12, closing, cut them off from the common filling line 11. Thus, all micro-compressors are prepared to supply a low-volume pulse (each through its own pneumo-rapier) into the soil. Then, the supporting frame 5 is lowered by the hydraulic cylinders 6, deepening the pneumatic rappers to the required depth N. After immersing the pneumo rape to the required depth N, the electro-pneumatic valves 3 are activated by the command of the control system, opening the supply of high pressure compressed air from micro-compressors 2 to the pneumo rappers 1, and from there by pulling out the ends of the pneumo rape , into the ground, while producing as if microexplosive air loosening of the soil. Deep layer-by-layer loosening of the soil is carried out due to periodically supplied pulses of compressed air as the pneumo-rape dives to the required processing depth. After completing the loosening of the next section of soil under the supporting frame 5 (under the pneumatic rasers), the supporting frame 5 rises with the help of hydraulic cylinders 6, removing the pneumatic rape 1 from the ground. Then the agromost moves the working carriage 4 with the supporting frame 5 to an adjacent section of the field to repeat the cycle of pneumo rapier tillage, etc.

In order that tubular pneumatic raps 1 are not clogged by the earth when immersed in the ground, they are equipped with pointed tips 14 that cover the internal cavity of the tube when immersing the pneumatic rape. When an air pulse of high pressure is applied, the bore of the tubular pneumatic rape opens by extending the tip from the tube into the ground.

Since the agromost is not the subject of the present invention, the design, functionality of the agromost and the corresponding control systems for its operation are not considered in this case.

Claims (6)

1. A method of tillage, characterized in that it simultaneously lift and loosen the soil with the corresponding pulses of compressed air by vertical immersion in the soil of a group of pneumatic rape spaced apart from each other at a distance R = kH, where k = 0.3-3.0 , H is the depth of immersion of the pneumorapir in the soil, while deep layer-by-layer energy-efficient loosening of the soil is carried out periodically by supplied pulses of compressed air as the pneumorapir is immersed in the soil at the required processing depth. 2. A device for processing the soil, containing the supporting frame and mounted on it working bodies in the form of vertically oriented pneumatic rasers with an air-pulse drive, characterized in that the supporting frame is equipped with four hinges connected with the corresponding hydraulic cylinders of the lifting mechanism of the supporting device of the agricultural unit with the possibility of vertical movement the bearing frame, with pneumatic raps installed evenly over the entire area of the bearing frame at a distance R = kH from each other, where k = 0.3-3.0; H is the depth of immersion of the pneumatic rapier in the soil, and the supply of a small volume pulse of compressed air from the pneumatic rapier at a given depth for volumetric loosening of the soil is ensured by the operation of the electropneumatic valves connecting each pneumatic rapier to its microresressor with compressed air, and each microressiver is charged with compressed air before the next pulse the common receiver through the filling manifold due to the short-term opening of the filling electric pneumatic valves, constant pressure in the common receiver the faith is supported by a compressor, and soil cultivation is performed step by step. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that for treating soils with different physicomechanical properties, each microressiver connected to a pneumo rapier has a volume change device, for example, a piston that is moved inside the cylinder by a screw mechanism. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that to reduce the instantaneous total effort when immersing the carrier frame with pneumatic guns in the soil, each pneumatic gun is equipped with an immersion mechanism, for example a hydraulic cylinder, and the pneumatic rapier is immersed in series. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that for the immersion of the supporting frame with pneumatic rappers in a vibrational manner, one or more vibrators are installed on the frame. 6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that each pneumo rapier is made in the form of a tube, the nose of which is equipped with a retractable tip that closes the inner cavity of the tube from filling with earth when the pneumo rapier is immersed in the soil and opens the passage section when applying a pulse of compressed air due to the extension tip from the tube to the ground.

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