RU2742831C1 - Method for restoring degraded land by layer-by-layer processing soil with compressed air pulses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural mechanical engineering. The method involves layer-by-layer processing of the soil with pulses of compressed air by splitting the soil with pulses of compressed air. The soil is treated with precision and simultaneously at different depths by means of pulsed compressed air blasts in layers with the aid of two working members in the form of arc-shaped knives which are mounted in such a way that the treatment depth can be adjusted at an interval of 15-20 cm, the difference in the treatment depth is 10-12 cm and at the sharp angle of the cutting edge. The front knife is mounted with an action depth of 10-12 cm. The compressed air is supplied at a height of 5 cm from the knife socket through vent valves built into the knife cavity from the inside. The soil is treated in the direction of movement of the unit and on the sides at an acute angle to it. The range of action of the pulses of compressed air of the knives is 5 cm. At the same time, the soil is crushed at depth of 15-20 cm for roots, of 8-12 cm for cereals and harrowed at a depth of up to 10 cm.EFFECT: method enables restoring degraded lands by layer-by-layer processing the soil with impulse impacts of compressed air simultaneously to different depths.1 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to tillage without bed turnover, and can be used in bridge farming.

Known methods of moldboard-free plowing, including moldboard-free and subsequent active loosening of the soil: and.with. SU No. 1148577, MPKA 01 B 49/02 1985; A.S. SU 1407423, IPC A01B 79/00 1988; item RU 2415530, IPC A01B 79/00, 2011, item RF No. 2473197, IPC A01B 79/00 2013.

The main problem of non-moldboard plowing is that mechanical loosening of the soil with chisel plows requires a large tractive effort and, as a result, a large coupling weight of the tractor, which compacts the soil. The same factor limits the depth of soil loosening with chisel plows. A significant drawback of the known methods is also the increased energy consumption.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed method is the method of precision soil cultivation selected as a prototype, which consists in the fact that continuous soil cultivation is carried out intrasoil with the supply of compressed air pulses against the movement of the unit and with its lateral supply perpendicular to the direction of movement, while lateral impulse shocks are directed with an overlap of the row spacing by a stream of compressed air of a neighboring row, within 3-5 cm, at the same time, surface treatment of the soil with a cultivator is carried out, the depth of which depends on the depth of intrasoil treatment with impulses of compressed air, strip processing in width, depending on the culture, is carried out at switched off lateral supply of impulses, with continuous and strip tillage, vertical displacement of impulse flows of compressed air to the required depth and frequency adjustment is possible (RF patent No. 2704982, IPC A01B79 / 00, 2019).

The disadvantages of this method is that it involves continuous and strip tillage and does not provide for the possibility of layer-by-layer tillage.

The technical objective of the inventions is the restoration of degraded lands by layer-by-layer tillage by pulsed blows of compressed air to different depths simultaneously.

The technical problem posed is achieved by the fact that the method of restoring degraded lands by layer-by-layer soil cultivation with compressed air impulses, which consists in loosening the soil with compressed air impulses, according to the invention, soil cultivation is carried out layer-by-layer impulse blows of compressed air precisely and simultaneously to different depths using two working bodies in the form arcuate knives, installed with the ability to adjust the depth of processing, with an interval of 15 ... 20 cm, with a difference in the depth of processing by 10 ... 12 cm and at an acute angle of sharpening of the cutting edge, while the front knife is installed with a depth of action of 10 ... 12 cm, at a height of 5 cm from the toe of the knives through the exhaust valves built into the cavity of the knife from the inside, supply compressed air and process the soil with pulsed blows of compressed air in the direction of movement of the unit and on the sides at an acute angle to it, while the radius of action of the pulses of compressed air of the knives is 5 cm, strip tillage is carried out when removed with the rear knife, at the same time, the soil is milled to a depth of cultivation for root crops - 15-20 cm, for grain crops - 8-12 cm and harrowing to a depth of 10 cm.

The method of layer-by-layer processing of the soil with pulsating compressed air consists in the fact that the soil is processed layer-by-layer by pulsed blows of compressed air, precisely and simultaneously to different depths, using two working bodies in the form of arcuate knives with an acute angle of sharpening of the cutting edge.

Working bodies in the form of arcuate knives are set one after another with an interval of 15 ... 20 cm and with a difference in processing depth of 10 ... 12 cm. The front knife is set at a processing depth of 10 ... 12 cm. At a height of 5 cm from the nose into the rear cavity of the knives through integrated exhaust valves supply compressed air. Tillage is carried out by impulse blows of compressed air in the direction of movement of the unit and on the sides at an acute angle to it. The radius of action of impulses of compressed air of the front and rear knives is 5 cm. Strip tillage is carried out with the rear knife removed. At the same time, the soil is milled to a depth of cultivation for root crops - 15-20 cm, for grain crops - 8-12 cm and harrowing to a depth of 10 cm.

Clarification on some issues:

1. Arcuate knives are selected because they are less loaded during operation, due to better redistribution of the load on the working surface, and sharpening the arc at an acute angle makes it easier to cope with the task, cut the soil in a vertical plane with less load, this will reduce fuel consumption , what is not less important;

2. The interval between the knives is set 15 ... 20 cm, because if the distance is less then the impulse blows of compressed air released by the valves from the back of the front knife will exert some pressure on the knife following, and an increased distance, for example, 50 cm is not advisable, so how, the unit, as soon as it reaches the headland, the front knives will begin to protrude for turning and movement in the opposite direction, while the rear knives will also protrude before reaching the headland and leave an uncultivated part of the area;

3. When cultivating the soil layer by layer to a depth of 20 cm, exactly half of it falls on the front knives. To do this, a compressed air release valve is installed on the working surface of the knife at a height of 5 cm from the end of the front knife, since the diameter of the air flow is 10 cm, this corresponds to the depth of soil cultivation with the front knife. The rear knife is set to a depth of 20. and the compressed air release valve is also set at a height of 5 cm from the end of the second knife, which allows the second (rear) knife to process the second half of the total tillage depth.

The method of restoring degraded lands by layer-by-layer soil cultivation by impulses of compressed air is carried out as follows.

The working bodies of the unit for layer-by-layer tillage of the soil with a precision pulsating blow of compressed air are set one after the other with an interval of 20 cm at different depth of treatment. The front knife is set at a working depth of 10 cm, the rear ones - at 20 cm.In the process of movement of the unit, using the starting system, compressed air is supplied at a height of 5 cm from the toe of both knives and the soil is processed by pulsed blows of compressed air in the direction of movement of the unit and on the sides under an acute angle to it. Tillage is carried out with a radius of action of compressed air pulses of the front and rear knives - 5 cm.

At the same time, the soil is milled to a depth of cultivation for root crops - 15-20 cm, for grain crops - 8-12 cm and harrowing to a depth of 10 cm.

The unit is also capable of working the soil in strips, while removing the rear knife. The setting width of the treated strip depends on the cultivated crop.

Penetrating into micro-cracks in the soil, compressed air expands sharply and loosens it. Thus, soil loosening is carried out due to the energy of high-pressure compressed air pulses.

As a result, in the lower layers, the soil is enriched with air containing up to 80% of free nitrogen. The infiltration properties of the soil are significantly improved. All this together contributes to an increase in soil fertility, which serves to restore degraded lands.

Soil cultivation by impulses of compressed air is achieved:

• reduction of labor costs, fuel consumption and wear and tear of technical equipment, due to the absence of the need for any operations to create a treated soil layer;

• ensuring the possibility of performing field work in a short agrotechnical time frame;

• improvement of soil conditions for the growth and development of plants, since the structure of the soil formed by the previous crop is preserved;

• increasing the resistance of cereals to fungal diseases;

• reducing the risk of water and especially wind erosion.

Among the reasons for the growing relevance of this method of soil cultivation, two main ones can be distinguished:

The first reason is environmental. Erosion is not only the gradual destruction of the surface fertile layer, but also the pollution of water bodies, which brings death to their inhabitants.

The second reason is economic. With lower costs, material and physical, you can get more profit, and at the same time increase soil fertility.

The proposed technology makes it possible to cultivate the soil without destroying its structure, provides an opportunity to carry out both layer-by-layer and strip tillage with an improvement in the quality indicators of restored degraded lands.

Claims (1)

A method of restoring degraded lands by layer-by-layer soil cultivation with compressed air pulses, which consists in loosening the soil with compressed air pulses, characterized in that soil cultivation is carried out layer-by-layer with pulsed compressed air impacts precisely and simultaneously to different depths using two working bodies in the form of arcuate knives installed with the possibility adjusting the working depth with an interval of 15-20 cm, a difference in the working depth of 10-12 cm and at an acute angle of sharpening of the cutting edge, while the front knife is installed with a depth of action of 10-12 cm, compressed air is supplied at a height of 5 cm from the toe of the knives through exhaust valves built into the cavity of the knife from the inside, tillage is carried out in the direction of movement of the unit and on the sides at an acute angle to it, while the radius of action of the pulses of compressed air of the knives is 5 cm, while the soil is milled to a processing depth for root crops of 15-20 cm, for grain 8-12 cm and harrowing to a depth of 10 s m.