RU2470773C2 - Perfecting machines for continuous production of parts from stressed concrete or reinforced concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, particularly, to device for perfecting machines for continuous production of parts from stressed concrete or reinforced concrete. Proposed device comprises stationary bin feeding mortar into vibratory casework, retention casework and finishing casework. It comprises also the assembly of removal and mixing of concrete arranged inside said bin, at its rectangular bottom, batten of deaeration and straightening on finishing casework, exhauster to discharge air from said finishing casework, shutters on both sides extending between vibratory casework and retention casework and arranged on lengthwise metal support secured to said vibratory casework first section. Second section of said casework is secured to retention casework and flexible plate of length equal to that of metal support. Said flexible plate is made from wear resistant material.

EFFECT: higher concrete density, reduced power consumption.

5 cl, 16 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the improvement of machines for the continuous production of parts from prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete, which consists of a running gear that can move along rails that form a technological path on which active prestressed or passive reinforcement is located, which constitutes reinforcement for manufactured concrete products; a movable upper hopper for receiving concrete located on said chassis, a stationary hopper for feeding the mixture into the vibration formwork holding the formwork, while the vibration formwork contains cores for compacting concrete parts, and subsequent or finishing formwork also with cores for giving concrete parts a final shape and for fine processing.

The improvement, which is the purpose of this patent, firstly, relates to a fixed bunker, which feeds the solution into the vibration formwork and to the vibration formwork; secondly, it refers to the finishing formwork, which forms the final shape of the workpiece; and thirdly, it relates to side damper devices for vibration formwork and front retaining formwork assembly, consisting of a metal support and a plate made of flexible material that act as a damper.

CURRENT STATE

In the Spanish patent for invention No. 42877, entitled "Improvements to the continuous manufacture of concrete beams, flat panels, etc." the installation is described, which consists of a set of rails attached to the floor, between which there is a machine with corresponding bunkers into which concrete is poured, and a set of formwork under them so that as the machine moves, beams or reinforced parts are formed.

In the machine described in the aforementioned patent, the use of three formwork has already been considered: one frontal or retaining formwork, one central formwork or vibration formwork with cores or walls that form a section of the manufactured parts, and one back or finishing formwork, the use of two bins is also provided: one motionless, through which concrete is poured onto the reinforcement formed by the cables, and one movable, which delivers the solution to the first.

Finishing formwork is mounted on the protruding region of the undercarriage, where the metal guide rails are located, with which it is connected by leveling supports, and the undercarriage is attached to the upper region and the front side, which makes it easy to remove.

The back of the formwork may include a deflector sheet to improve the surface finish of the concrete slabs being manufactured.

This machine does not completely solve the problem of continuous production of concrete products and has several drawbacks that make it difficult to use the device and worsen its operating parameters, which will be discussed below.

The fixed hopper, which feeds the solution into the vibrodeck, is located above it and is separated from it by elastic hinges to prevent the vibration of the formwork from being transmitted to the hopper, consists of an upper rectangular part in the form of a funnel and a lower part also of rectangular shape, but with straight parallel walls.

The said hopper must be filled with concrete to the middle of the section between the end of the upper part in the form of a funnel and the beginning of the straight section, while the operator controls the said level and stops the machine if the above level is not reached due to lack of concrete, since concrete is compacted in vibration formwork by vibration and pressure column of concrete in a fixed hopper through which mortar is poured into said formwork, allowing only a slight deviation from the level of said concrete column.

Concrete, placed in a fixed hopper, gradually enters the vibration formwork, is forced out and forms a workpiece.

Depending on the profile of the part being manufactured and the type of concrete (degree of plasticity), the concrete passes unevenly through the hopper, in some cases it seizes and passes only in the center, and is delayed near the walls of the hopper, which causes the formation of stagnant zones and defects during the pouring process.

To avoid this problem, it is necessary to use more liquid concrete, which reduces its strength due to the higher ratio of water to cement.

According to this explanation, the concrete that has set inside the hopper begins to harden in a few minutes, reducing the fluidity of the concrete entering the formwork, which slows down the pouring process, increases the possibility of defects in the concrete during continuous pouring and the risk of concrete setting on the way to the formwork, which leads to the need to interrupt the continuous casting process with subsequent loss of time and materials.

The significant capacity of the vibration formwork together with the stationary hopper leads to a big problem, which is that despite the fact that the machine comes to the end of the path (the end of the pouring process), the concrete level inside the hopper must remain at the appropriate level, which makes it necessary to remove it and throw away the remaining concrete, or use it for other tasks to clean the said hopper.

The use of a reference patent is proof of all these shortcomings that must be overcome, which is the aim of the improvements of this patent.

Regarding the shortcomings that arise at the end of the process when removing manufactured parts from the final formwork: they often have an uneven surface with a slight roughness, which indicates a low quality of finishing.

It is important that the formwork is equipped with devices that allow air to escape from the concrete in order to prevent the formation of voids on the surface of the parts being manufactured. These devices significantly improve the surface finish of parts.

Known molding machines in which the sides of the formwork retention and vibration formwork are closed with special rubber bands of square section, which are stacked along the length and are pressed to the formwork and the technological path. These barrier gums are pressed by cylindrical presses (usually three or four), placed at an angle of 45 ° relative to the path, and are pressed by strong springs, clamping screws or hydraulic systems.

In this system, in order to achieve full efficiency of the screening, the screening gum must be firmly pressed on the sides, which means, first of all, that a lot of pressure is applied to the vibration formwork, which reduces the force of the vibration seal, until it stops, and secondly, pressure is applied to the path, which creates the braking force causes it to increase power, therefore, it leads to an increase in the energy consumed by the traction motor of the molding machine, and leads to significant wear of said barrier rubber as a result of friction .

These lateral screening gum should now be installed on the molding machine (one on each side) when the machine is already on the process path, and then pressed, which requires an additional operation, and also affects the result of vibration compaction of concrete, depending on whether they are tight or weak. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the installation operation of the said rubber bands so as not to affect the quality of the manufactured or molded product.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVEMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Improvements that are the aim of the present invention include, firstly, the installation in a stationary hopper of a mechanism for the removal and replenishment of concrete, which gives an important functional advantage when using this molding machine.

According to the invention, a shaft (8) is installed in the stationary hopper (2), which passes through the hopper in the longitudinal direction and carries a series of blades (12) uniformly distributed along its length and motionlessly connected with it, while the blades rotate together with the said shaft, which driven by two synchronous geared motors.

As a result of the rotation of the blades (12) in a certain direction, the concrete placed in the aforementioned hopper (2) mixes and does not seize, becomes more uniform, flows more freely down into the vibrodeck (3) as a result of the rotation of the blades, and all the concrete goes down at the same speed , thus preventing unwanted clumping.

Installing this mechanism for removing and mixing concrete (7) in a fixed hopper (2) allows the machine to move and mold concrete faster, which means that drier concrete can be used, which provides more accurate tolerances for the level of concrete in the hopper and the absence of set or lumpy concrete , which does not enter the vibration formwork, and at the end of the process path (22), upon completion of molding, the concrete level is at the bottom of the fixed hopper, which leads to significant savings in concrete.

The alignment of the surface of the manufactured parts at the exit from the finishing formwork (5) is significantly improved by using an aeration rail and straightening (16), which is located either on the said finishing formwork or on its continuation.

Finally, the improvements that are the purpose of the present invention are aimed at solving the problems associated with the screening on the side of the formwork holding and vibration formwork molding machine.

These improvements include lateral damper devices for vibration formwork (3) and retention formwork (4), consisting of a longitudinal metal support that is fixedly mounted to the vibration formwork in one section, and to the retaining formwork in another section, and a rectangular part (23) made of flexible material and length equal to the length of the two sections of the support (24), which acts as a shutter and which is attached to the said support by a mounting plate (25) with bolts (26).

Concrete, which is molded and compacted in the vibration formwork (3) and the retaining formwork (4), is trying to leak from the bottom of the said vibration formwork and the retaining formwork through the voids remaining between the formwork and the surface of the technological path (22).

When trying to leak concrete, it presses on the flexible damper (23), which in turn presses on the path (22) along which it slides, thus forming a simple, quite perfect damper.

This lateral blocking device provides the vibration formwork (3) complete freedom to perform the concrete vibration compaction function with maximum efficiency and maximum use of the force transmitted by the vibrators, at the same time with little sliding resistance along the path, which means that it takes force to move the molding machine along the technological path (22) traction is much smaller (actually not required at all).

As a result of all this, an increased density of concrete is ensured together with a corresponding energy saving plus significant rubber savings, since the mentioned flexible plates (23) are made of a flexible and very wear-resistant material.

Being tightly connected with the formwork and therefore with the molding machine, these side shutters of said formwork eliminate the need to install side shutters, which is currently practiced; This task should be carried out with extreme caution in order to avoid changing the quality of the manufactured product.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

In addition to this description and for a better understanding of the characteristics of this patent in accordance with a practical embodiment of the present invention, a set of drawings is attached, which are given as an illustration and in no way limit the present invention.

Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of the machine as a whole, which shows the vibration formwork, retention formwork and finishing formwork.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the assembly of a stationary hopper equipped with a device for removing and mixing concrete.

Figure 3 shows a top view of the assembly depicted in figure 2.

Figure 4 shows a front view of the same assembly.

5 is a side view of the same assembly.

Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the mechanism for removing and mixing concrete.

In Fig.7 shows a top view of the mechanism depicted in Fig.6.

On Fig shows a front view according to figure 7.

Figure 9 shows a side view, the same according to figure 7.

Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the assembly depicted in figures 5-8, with the image of the individual components.

Figure 11 shows a perspective view of the deaeration rail and dressing, which is installed at the output of the final formwork or as a continuation of this formwork.

On Fig shows a side view of the rail with a partial cut, which is installed at the exit of the finishing formwork.

On Fig shows a front view corresponding to Fig. 12.

On Fig shows a side view in partial section according to figure 12 of the variant of the straightening rail, where it is installed as a continuation of the finishing formwork.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a machine in which new side damper devices according to the improvements described herein are visible.

On Fig on a larger scale shows a detail of one of these side curtains.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As can be seen from the figures, in the machine for the continuous production of concrete products, schematically depicted in figure 1 under the number (1), there are improvements to the fixed hopper (2) and finishing formwork (5); The corresponding retention formwork (4) is also shown.

The fixed hopper (2), which feeds the solution into the vibration formwork (3), is located above it and is separated by an elastic connection that prevents the transmission of vibration from the said formwork (3) to the hopper (2), which consists of a rectangular upper part (6) in the form funnels and the lower part (6a), which is also rectangular, but with straight parallel walls. The concrete removal and mixing assembly (7) is located in this lower part (6a) (see figures 6-10).

This assembly (7) consists of a cylindrical shaft (8), which is located horizontally and fastened by the ends in the cages (9), which are connected with the corresponding synchronous gear motors (10), which are located at each end of the shaft (8). Each gear motor (10) is respectively fastened to a support (11), which is properly attached to the end wall of the lower part (6a) of the stationary hopper (2).

Each blade from the set of mixing blades (12) is rigidly attached to the said shaft (8) by a fastener (13) with a semi-cylindrical base that surrounds the said shaft (8) and is attached to the same fastener (13 ') located on the other side of the shaft and having a diametrically located mixing paddle (12).

Both of these mixing blades (13) are attached to each other by a set of bolts (14) and nuts (15). The mixing blades (12), which are attached to each other in the manner described above, are arranged so as to cover four theoretical planes offset 90 ° relative to each other around the longitudinal cylindrical shaft (8). This arrangement ensures that the mass of concrete located in the stationary hopper (2) mixes uniformly and continuously, thus preventing setting and hardening before the mass enters the vibration formwork (3).

Finishing formwork (5) is located in the area where the product leaves the machine (1).

At the top in the front, in the area facing the exit of the manufactured parts, there is a deaeration and straightening rail, which consists of a horizontal rectangular bar (16), on which there is a longitudinal trapezoidal exhauster (17) with a vertical end wall turned in the opposite direction (see figure 11).

The lower plane (16a) of said rail (16) is slightly sloped upward towards the hole (18) on which the exhauster (17) is located, as can be seen in figure 12.

Such a device simplifies the exit of air from the area of the final formwork (5) located under the rail (16).

An embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 14: a deaeration and straightening rail (19) with a lower plane (19a), which is beveled slightly up towards the hole (20), is located on the pivot ledge (5a) of the finishing formwork (5), and the end face said formwork is closed by a plate (21).

During the continuous manufacturing process of concrete products, concrete is molded and compacted in the vibration formwork (3) and in the retaining formwork (4). During this molding and compaction, concrete tends to flow out under the sides of the mentioned formwork, i.e. vibro formwork (3) and holding formwork (4), flowing out through a small gap that remains between the formwork and the surface of the process path (22).

When seeping, concrete presses on a new flexible shutter (23), on which it slides; this pressure is sufficient to provide a simple and adequate barrier to the concrete, thus preventing its leakage from the side.

These lateral blocking devices (see figures 15 and 16) consist of a metal support (24) located along the length and rigidly connected by one section with vibration formwork (3), and the other section with a retaining formwork (4), while flexible a rectangular plate (23), which is a shutter made of a flexible and wear-resistant material, the length of which is equal to the length of two sections of the aforementioned metal support (24).

This flexible plate (23) is attached to the metal support (24) by means of a mounting plate (25) fixed by bolts (26).

When using such a blocking device, consisting of a metal support (24) and a flexible plate (23), the vibration formwork (3) can much more freely perform its functions of vibro-compaction of concrete with maximum efficiency at maximum power of vibrators.

Likewise, the very low resistance of the aforementioned flexible plate (23) created when sliding along the technological path (22) means that less (practically minimal) traction is required to move along the technological path (22) of the molding machine (1).

In short, the improvements described here provide increased concrete compaction, significant energy savings and less wear compared to the old side curtain gums that have been used so far, while there is also no need for fastening devices and for clamping said rubber bands to the work surface, such as springs, clamping screws or hydraulic cylinders.

Since the metal supports (24) are connected with the vibration formwork (3) and the retaining formwork (4), and therefore with the molding machine (1), the aforementioned damper devices, which are part of the improvements that are the aim of the present invention, can significantly reduce maintenance, in particular the task of installing the valves currently used, which is essential so that the characteristics of the manufactured product do not change.

After describing the improvements that are the purpose of the present invention and the advantages obtained from their use, it should be mentioned that changes in materials, shapes, sizes, types of traction and the location of components should not be considered as a change in the characteristic features of the present invention described in the claims .

Claims (5)

1. Improvement of machines for the continuous manufacture of parts from prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete, the design (1) of which as a whole includes a stationary hopper (2), which feeds the solution into the vibration formwork (3), the retaining formwork (4) and the final formwork (5), which forms the final shape of the manufactured part, characterized in that it includes an assembly for removing and mixing concrete (7) inside the stationary hopper (2), in particular in its lower rectangular part (6a), and also characterized by the presence of a deaeration and leveling rail (16) pure formwork (5) with an exhauster (17), which allows air to escape from the zone of the above-mentioned finishing formwork (5), and the presence of blocking devices on both sides that pass between the vibration formwork (3) and the retaining formwork (4) on the technological path (22) ), on the longitudinal metal support (24), which is fastened with its first section to the vibration formwork (3), and the second section to the retention formwork (4), and on a flexible plate (23) of the same length as the metal support (24) made of wear-resistant material, while this flexible plate acts ak flexible flap pressing on the technological path (22). 2. Improvement to machines for the continuous manufacture of parts from prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly for removing and mixing concrete (7) consists of a horizontal longitudinal cylindrical shaft (8) connected by clips (9) to the corresponding synchronous gear motors (10), which are respectively fastened by supports (11) to the lower part (6a) of the stationary hopper (2), while the said shaft is equipped with a set of mixing blades (12), which are fixedly mounted to the respective mounting fastener (13) with a cylindrical base that surrounds the shaft and is attached to the same fastener (13 '), located on the other side of the shaft and having a diametrically located mixing blade so that every two pairs of blades cover the entire space around the shaft (8 ) in the 90 ° zone, thus reaching any point in the stationary hopper (2). 3. Improvement of machines for the continuous manufacture of parts from prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that a horizontal rectangular deaeration and straightening rail (16) is installed on the upper front area of the finishing formwork (16), on which a longitudinal exhauster is located (17) a trapezoidal section with a vertical end wall turned in the opposite direction, while the lower side (16a) of the said horizontal slats (16) is beveled slightly upward towards the opening (18) of the exhauster (17) to open and air exhaust from the top of finishing formwork (5). 4. Improvement of machines for the continuous production of parts from prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the option of aeration rail and straightening (16) from the bottom side (19a) of the rail (19) is slightly slanted towards the hole (20) and is located on the protrusion (5A) of the finishing formwork (5), the end of which is closed by the plate (21). 5. Improvement of machines for the continuous manufacture of parts from prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible plate (23) is attached to the metal support (24) using a mounting plate (25) and bolts (26), while it perceives a certain pressure created by the mass of concrete contained in the said vibration formwork (3).

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