RU2466283C1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: internal combustion engine includes flywheel, ignition system and exhaust gas removal system and vertically located cylinder the piston of which is connected to flywheel and to mechanism without a piston-rod. The latter is made in the form of a gear having projections located on both sides; one of the projections is located in the centre of the gear and connected to rods of pistons, which are located in a circumferential direction of flywheel, and the other projection is located in circumferential direction of gear and connected to piston skirt of vertically located cylinder. Gear is provided with possibility of being rotated about its axis and can move back and forth along the flywheel arc. Gear rotation is transmitted to flywheel through gear transmission.

EFFECT: simpler engine design.

12 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to piston machines, in particular to internal combustion engines with a rodless mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational movement of the flywheel.

The main problem of engine building is to increase power, reliability, increase motor resources, efficiency and reduce the cost of their production. A significant drawback of existing engines is the process of converting the translational (linear) motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the crankshaft. All this prevents the creation of engines with two-sided working process in the cylinders.

Known internal combustion engine with a rodless mechanism in the form of a round tube - cylinder with pistons located inside, associated with the conversion mechanism / French patent No. 528463 of June 12, 1920 /. The conversion mechanism is made in the form of a ratchet (as in a watch) cylindrical wheel and bevel gears that rotate the flywheel.

The disadvantage of this engine is the design of the ratchet mechanism, combined with the planetary in the form of bevel gears.

The known power mechanism, in which the gear mounted on the neck of the crankshaft, makes a circular motion with the crankshaft in a circle / German patent No. 444493 class 46 a ¹⁰ from May 21, 1927 /.

The disadvantages of the known power mechanism are the complex structure and large inertial masses, which must be balanced.

Czechoslovakian patent No. 111378 RT 46 a ⁵ , 9 dated January 12, 1962 describes a gear that rotates internally and serves only to relieve torque, as in Wankel engines.

A known internal combustion engine with a rodless mechanism for converting reciprocating pistons into rotational motion of the working shaft with star-shaped cylinders, the pistons of which are rigidly interconnected by rods articulated through bearings with the middle necks of the crankshaft having the rotation of the extreme necks, with the movement of the piston systems and the rods connecting them along the axis of opposite cylinders / A.s. No. 118471 C. F01B 9/02, publ. 12/10/1973 /. The engine working shaft is made of two parts with cranks bearing for mounting in them, at a radius of one quarter of the piston stroke, the extreme necks of the crankshaft, and is equipped with a connecting shaft that fixes the position of the cranks of both parts of the working shaft relative to each other with gears. Gears, making a circular motion, remove the torque from the crankshaft of the engine.

The reason that impedes the achievement of the claimed technical result is a complex kinematic scheme.

The problem to which the claimed technical solution is directed is a multiple increase in engine power.

The problem is solved by achieving a technical result, which consists in simplifying the design of the internal combustion engine due to the proposed kinematic scheme for converting the translational motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the flywheel.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known internal combustion engine containing a flywheel, an ignition and exhaust system, a vertically arranged cylinder, the piston of which is connected to a rodless mechanism and a flywheel, the feature is that the rodless mechanism is made in the form of a gear having protrusions located on different sides, one of these protrusions is located in the center of the gear and connected to the piston rods located around the circumference of the flywheel, and the other protrusion is located on gears and is connected to the piston skirt of a cylinder located vertically, the gear is rotatable around its own axis and reciprocating along the flywheel arc, and the rotation of the gear through the gear transmission is transmitted to the flywheel.

New in the engine is the implementation of a rodless mechanism in the form of a gear with two protrusions, with one protrusion located in the center of the gear on one side and the other protrusion on the opposite side of the gear reciprocating along the flywheel arc. The centers of these protrusions are located on the same dividing line of the circle. A simplification of the conversion scheme of the reciprocating motion of the internal combustion engine pistons into rotational is ensured by reducing the kinematic pairs.

The proposed internal combustion engine is shown in the drawings, where:

figure 1 presents a General view of the engine in section (longitudinal);

figure 2 is a General view of the engine in section (transverse);

figure 3, 4, 5, 6 presents the power kinematic diagram of the engine mechanism in 4 positions:

I position - top dead center for piston 2 and intermediate positions for pistons 5 and 7;

II - intermediate position for the piston 2, BDC for the piston 5 and TDC for the piston 7;

III - bottom dead center for the piston 2 and 7, intermediate positions for the pistons 5 and 9;

IV - BDC for piston 7, TDC for piston 5 and an intermediate position for piston 2;

7, 8 - piston (longitudinal and transverse sections);

in Fig.9, 10 - gear in the context and General view;

11, 12 - the flywheel in the context and General view.

The internal combustion engine contains cylinders 1 with a piston 2 and chambers 8, in which pistons 5, 7 with compressor rings move, a gear 3 connected on one side in the center by a projection 13 through a bearing 9 with a rod 6, at the ends of which there are pistons 5 and 7 and, on the other hand, through the protrusion 14 and the bearing 10, the gear 3 is connected to the piston 2. The torque from the gear 3 is removed through the gear transmission by the flywheel 4. The flywheel 4 rotates in the bearings 12. At the exit from the cylinders, the rod 6 is sealed with compression rings. The ignition system includes candles connected to a generator (not shown in the drawing). Valve 11 are used for supplying a combustible mixture to the combustion chamber and exhaust exhaust.

The internal combustion engine operates as follows.

During the combustion of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber of the cylinder 1 (Fig. 3, position I), the piston 2 under the gas pressure makes a rectilinear movement, moving the protrusion 14 of the gear 3 located on its circumference. Gear 3 begins to rotate around its central protrusion 13 on the opposite side, fixed through a sliding bearing 9 in the rod 6, moving it together with the pistons 5 and 7 along the flywheel arc 4. The rotation of gear 3 through the gear transmission is transmitted to the engine flywheel 4. Torque on gear 3 occurs as a result of the action of compressed gas forces in the combustion chambers of cylinder 1 and chambers 8, shoulder l - the distance between two protrusions 13 and 14 of gear 3, Mkr = Fl. According to this law, the gear 3 is constantly rotating. From TDC, piston 2 moves to position I of FIG. 3, moves down to position II of FIG. 4. Piston 7 is located at TDC, piston 5 is at BDC, and piston 2 is in the intermediate position. Gear 3 is in the extreme right position. Then there is ignition of the combustible mixture in the combustion chambers and the pistons 7, 5 begin to move under the action of compressed gases in the opposite direction, and the piston 2 continues to move to the BDC (Fig. 5, position III). After the piston 2 arrives at the BDC (Fig. 6, position IV), the piston 2 under the action of the inertial forces of the flywheel and the expanding gases of the pistons 7 and 5 begins to move to the upper dead center, and the piston 7 to the BDC, the piston 5 to the upper dead center, gear 3 is in the extreme left position . The cycle is closed.

The linear velocity of the pistons 2, 5, 7 in position I, II will be equal to V ₁ , and in position III, IV the speed will be equal to V ₂ , and V ₂ > V ₁ , since at positions III, IV the speed of the flywheel 4 and gear 3 are summed up, and the speed of rotation of the flywheel 4 remains constant during all cycles of movement.

In positions I, II, the linear velocities V _{1 of the} movement of the pistons 2, 5, 7 are slowed down, and a more complete combustion of the combustible mixture in the combustion chambers occurs, the pressure and power of the engine increase. When the pistons move slowly, the combustion chambers are more completely filled.

In positions III, IV, the linear velocities V _{2 of the} movement of the pistons 2, 5, 7 increase, and there is a more rapid release of the combustion chambers from the exhaust gases.

The movement of the gear around the circumference of the flywheel is necessary to create the shoulder l necessary to provide torque. The gear on the one hand through the protrusion 13 and the bearing 9 is connected centrally with the rod 6, which connects the pistons 5 and 7, and on the other hand, through the protrusion 14 and the bearing, with a piston located vertically relative to the dividing line of the gear 10 with the piston skirt 2.

The proposed technical solution makes it possible to use sliding or rolling bearings, lubricated under pressure, an effective piston cooling system with forced circulation of oil in a closed circuit, capable of providing reliable cooling even with a high degree of forcing in terms of speed and boost. This mechanism can also be used for compressors, pumps and other reciprocating machines.

Claims (1)

An internal combustion engine comprising a flywheel, ignition and exhaust systems, a vertically arranged cylinder whose piston is connected to a rodless mechanism and a flywheel, characterized in that the rodless mechanism is made in the form of a gear having protrusions located on different sides, one of these protrusions located in the center of the gear and connected to the piston rods located around the circumference of the flywheel, and the other protrusion is located around the circumference of the gear and connected to the piston skirt of the cylinder located vert Of course, the gear is rotatable around its own axis and reciprocating along the flywheel arc, and the rotation of the gear through the gear transmission is transmitted to the flywheel.

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