RU2467183C1 - Method of operating rotary piston engine and its design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rotary pistons engines. Proposed method comprises injecting combustible mix, compressing the latter, igniting said mix, gas expansion, rotor working stroke, and exhaust of combustion products. Proposed ICE has rotor and chambers formed in motion of the rotor inside ICE housing. Said chambers are separated by one stationary and several moving flags. Said rotor swings and reciprocates at a time relative to the center of stationary flag base. Said motions are converted into output shaft rotation by eccentric rigidly jointed therewith to revolve inside rotor.

EFFECT: simplified design, longer life, higher reliability.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rotary piston internal combustion engines and can be used in the automotive and aviation industries, on tractors, river and sea vessels, ships, tractors, various types of aircraft and other machines.

A known method of operation of an internal combustion engine (ICE) (see Weissbein MK. Thermal engines. St. Petersburg, 1910, p. 289), in which the working cylinder of a machine is filled with a mixture of fuel and air in a certain most advantageous proportion, compresses this the mixture is possibly stronger, ignite this mixture and remove the combustion products of the mixture from the cylinder, so that it is then possible to fill the cylinders again with a mixture of air and fuel.

The disadvantages of this method include high inertial loads on the piston group due to the presence of "dead spots" of the piston stroke during the operation of the internal combustion engine, as well as the presence of radial force transmitted from the crankshaft through the connecting rod and acting from the piston to the cylinder, which entails an increase in the friction force piston on the cylinder and, therefore, intensifies the wear of the cylinder-piston group, and also leads to a decrease in the life of the engine and a decrease in its efficiency.

The closest method of the same purpose to the claimed invention according to the totality of features adopted for the prototype is the method of operation of a rotary piston internal combustion engine (see Khanin N.S. Automotive rotary piston engines. - M., 1964, p. 108), in which the rotor separating the working compartments is rotated, and the cycle of admitting the combustible mixture into the working compartment starts at its minimum volume corresponding to the position of the piston at top dead center, and is completed when the working compartment reaches its maximum Achen; with further rotation by the rotor, the inlet window is closed and the volume of the working compartment is reduced by compressing the combustible mixture to the rotor position corresponding to the position of the piston at bottom dead center at the piston ICE, while the combustible mixture is ignited, thereby implementing a gas expansion stroke and thereby performing the rotor working stroke, then carry out a cycle of release of combustion products through the exhaust window. Next, the cycle repeats.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known method adopted as a prototype include high operating speeds, leading to intensive wear of the seals and intense thermal conditions, as well as the need to use a complex engine cooling system, which in turn requires high-tech processes for engine manufacturing; the forced presence of oil in the combustion chamber due to the need to lubricate the rotor touches the housing with further combustion of the oil, leading to an increase in the cost of the fuel mixture, as well as a decrease in the environmental friendliness of the engine; the difficulty of balancing the center of mass of the rotor due to the complexity of its trajectory, which leads to the occurrence of undesirable vibrations in the system; the direction of movement of the surface on which the gas presses in the rotor does not coincide with the tangent of the circumference of the rotation shaft, which leads to an increased consumption of the fuel mixture.

Known rotary piston engine Rozhitsky (see Khanin N. S. Automotive rotary piston engines. - M., 1964, p. 36), in which the oval rotor performs a circular plane-parallel motion in an oval section using a four-link articulated mechanism parallelogram type. The chambers are separated by shutters, the flat ends of which slide along the flat sections of the body profile and simultaneously in the grooves of the rotor.

The disadvantages of this engine include the disadvantageous shape of the combustion chamber, the high energy costs of moving the working fluid from compartment to compartment with limited sections of the channels, as well as the great structural difficulties of the sealing device at the ends of the shutters.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of features is a rotary piston engine F. Wankel (see the magazine "Behind the Wheel", 1970, N 12), adopted as a prototype. The engine has a piston-rotor with three protrusions, which, under the influence of a special eccentric, performs an epicyclic motion, as well as suction, compression, combustion, exhaust chambers, which are formed as a result of the movement of the rotor relative to the inner surface of the stator, each located in its sector around the circumference of the stator, and in each chamber the same measure periodically occurs. In this case, the protrusions of the rotor are constantly in contact with the inner surface of the stationary stator having a complex curve. Inside the rotor there is a gear rim, which is rolled around the gear of the shaft and drives it in a rotational movement together with the shaft.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known device adopted for the prototype include the fact that the triangular rotor slides with the vertices of the triangle along the internal complex two-epitrochoid surface of the stator with significant friction, which reduces mechanical efficiency; low starting qualities due to unstable operation of the engine at low revolutions of the rotation shaft as a result of prolonged communication through the inlet and outlet channels; low number of cycles (cycles) per revolution of the engine rotation shaft; increased wear of the edges of the rotor due to the insignificant area of their contact with the engine casing and the associated small service life of the engine; a high probability of a breakthrough of the compressed mixture from one chamber to another due to inefficient seals on the rotor and the laborious execution of the housing.

The invention consists in the following. In order to increase the resource and reliability of the engine, as well as simplify its design, the air-fuel mixture is fed into the chamber, compressed, set on fire, the mixture burns and, when the combustion products expand, they perform useful mechanical work, while the rotor performs both rocking and reciprocating movements, changing the size of the camera, while the cameras are separated by one fixed and several moving flags. Due to this movement of the rotor, the eccentric located inside it makes a rotational movement and transfers this rotation to the actuators through the output shaft. The presence of several chambers with similar processes occurring in them around a single rotor allows eccentric movement and, with it, the output shaft to be continuously rotated.

The technical result is an increase in the resource and reliability of the internal combustion engine by ensuring the tightness of the chambers in which the processes of suction of the fuel-air mixture, compression, combustion and exhaust gases occur, the plane contacts of the flags, rotor and flag bases with caps, as well as due to the design itself providing the minimum wear of the rubbing surfaces, and simplicity of manufacturing of the engine.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the proposed method is achieved by the fact that in the known method of operation of a rotary piston internal combustion engine, which includes the inlet of the combustible mixture into the working compartment, compression of the combustible mixture, ignition of the combustible mixture, gas expansion, the stroke of the rotor, as well as the release of combustion products, a feature lies in the fact that the rotor performs both rocking and reciprocating movements, and these movements are converted into rotation of the output shaft due to the eccentric rigidly connected to the output shaft, having the possibility of free rotation inside the rotor.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the proposed device is achieved by the fact that in the known rotary-piston internal combustion engine having a piston-rotor, as well as chambers formed as a result of the movement of the rotor inside the housing and each located in its sector around the circumference of the housing, in which the processes of suction of fuel -air mixture, compression, combustion and exhaust gas, the peculiarity is that the chambers are separated by one fixed and several movable flags, and the rotor makes about relative to the center of the base of the stationary flag simultaneously, the oscillating and reciprocating movements, while these movements are converted into rotation of the output shaft due to an eccentric mounted and capable of free rotation inside the rotor, and the engine is made two-section, while the eccentrics are located in different sections at one output shaft and rotated relative to each other by 180 °.

The drawing shows: figure 1 shows a General view of the engine; figure 2 is a top view; figure 3 is a section of the engine; figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a valve actuator; figure 5 is a General view of a two-section engine.

The engine consists of a housing 1 with covers 2, a rotor 3, one stationary 4 flags and several movable 5 flags, a flag base 6, an eccentric 7 mounted and capable of free rotation inside the rotor 3, and an output shaft 8. The intake valve 9 is installed in the housing - air mixture or air, fuel in this case is fed separately to the exhaust gas chamber 10 and the spark plug 11. The air-fuel mixture is supplied to the intake valves 9 and the exhaust gases are removed from the exhaust valves 10 through the nozzles inlet 12 and outlet 13, respectively. The valve actuator is located in the housing 14. Housings 1 and 14 are fastened to the covers 2 by means of bolts 15. Inside the housing 1, an original shape rotor 3 is installed, in the grooves of which with the formation of the working chambers one fixed 4 and several movable 5 flags are installed. Flags with other ends are installed in the base of flags 6 and make reciprocating movements in their grooves.

The operation of the rotary piston engine is as follows.

The compressed air-fuel mixture in the chamber bounded by the housing 1, the covers 2, the rotor 3 and two adjacent flags installed by one end into the rotor 3 and the other into the flag bases 6 is ignited, the combustion products expand and do useful work, pressing on the rotor 3 and forcing him to make a swinging and reciprocating motion relative to the center of the base of the fixed flag 4. The rotor 3 rotates the eccentric 7 located inside it, as well as the output shaft 8 rigidly connected to it. Due to the further rotation of the eccentric 7, the rotor 3 s completes the reverse movement with a decrease in the working volume of the chamber and squeezes the exhaust gases out of it through the opening exhaust valve 10. With further movement of the rotor 3, the volume of the chamber increases and through the inlet valve 9 the air-fuel mixture or air is sucked in, in this case, the fuel is fed into the chamber separately through a nozzle not shown in FIG. The mixture is compressed with decreasing chamber volume due to further movement of the rotor 3, and the described cycle is repeated. The valve is driven by a gas distribution mechanism, for example, as shown in Fig. 4, using a set of gears, while the intake valves 9 and exhaust 10 rotate at the same speed, half the speed of the output shaft 8. The lubrication function of the engine is supplemented by a function internal cooling and is carried out through a system of oil channels.

In order to increase the smoothness of the engine, it can be made two-section, as shown in figure 5, while the eccentrics are located in different sections on the same output shaft and rotated 180 ° relative to each other.

Claims (3)

1. The method of operation of the rotary piston internal combustion engine, including the intake of the combustible mixture into the working compartment, compression of the combustible mixture, ignition of the combustible mixture, expansion of the gases, the stroke of the rotor, as well as the release of combustion products, characterized in that the rotor performs both oscillating and reciprocal - translational motion, and these movements are converted into rotation of the output shaft due to an eccentric rigidly connected to the output shaft, having the possibility of free rotation inside the rotor. 2. A rotary piston internal combustion engine having a piston rotor, as well as chambers resulting from the movement of the rotor inside the housing and each located in its sector around the circumference of the housing, in which the processes of suction of the fuel-air mixture, compression, combustion and exhaust exhaust gases, characterized in that the chambers are separated by one fixed and several movable flags, and the rotor makes relative to the center of the base of the stationary flag simultaneously rocking and reciprocating nnoe movement, while these movements are converted into rotation of the output shaft due to the eccentric mounted and having the possibility of free rotation inside the rotor. 3. The rotary piston internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the engine is two-sectional, with the eccentrics located in different sections on the same output shaft and rotated 180 ° relative to each other.

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