RU2464432C2 - Operating method of rotary engine, and rotary engine by kholodny - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: operating method of rotary engine involves conversion processes of potential energy of working medium to kinetic energy with further transfer of kinetic energy to power takeoff shaft by means of pistons. Pistons are constantly rotated at various angular speeds along circular trajectory in closed working chamber volume, thus performing in-series intake, compression, operating stroke and exhaust cycles. After compression is completed, one piston catches up the other one approximately 15° before the reference point representing ignition plug location place. Then, pistons perform simultaneous movement by passing the ignition chamber section equal approximately to 30° at slow speed. Mixture is ignited and expanded, due to which one piston obtains acceleration and comes off the other piston, thus providing the operating stroke cycle. Engine includes the housing divided into drive chamber and rotary chamber with a partition. Pistons are mounted on the shaft and on bushing of rotor. Axle box is fixed in one of the housing covers. Sun wheel is made as an integral part of axle box. Power takeoff shaft with a carrier is installed in axle box opening. Satellite gears are fixed on bell cranks with drive cams, which are installed on the carrier. On disc rigidly attached to the carrier there installed are drive cams of additional bell cranks, which are connected to drive cams of bell cranks of carrier by means of axes. Piston-rods hinged by means of eye rings to shaft and rotor bushing are installed on axes.

EFFECT: higher reliability and efficiency of the engine.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to rotary internal combustion engines.

A known method of operation of a Wankel rotary internal combustion engine, comprising converting the potential energy of a gaseous high-pressure working fluid into the kinematic energy of moving working elements (rotors) in a closed volume of the working chamber, limited by the surfaces of the stationary body and the moving rotor with four-stroke cycles in the respective cavities and transferring energy to the shaft power take-off. This method is implemented in a Wankel rotary piston engine, which contains a housing having a working cavity made by epitrochond; power take-off shaft - an eccentric shaft from which power is removed, and a triangular rotor with convex sides freely installed on this shaft. The housing has inlet and outlet windows, a spark plug or nozzle is installed. The rotor makes a circular motion and at the same time rotates around its axis thanks to a gear wheel with internal teeth, which is meshed with a stationary gear wheel, located coaxially with the eccentric shaft. The movement of the rotor is planetary, and for each revolution of the rotor the eccentric shaft makes three turns. Due to the planetary movement of the rotor between the rotor and the housing, three isolated cavities are formed and their volume doubles and decreases twice during one revolution of the rotor. This allows in each cavity for one revolution of the rotor to sequentially carry out the processes of intake, compression, combustion and expansion (working stroke), exhaust, comprising a four-cycle cycle, or for three revolutions of the eccentric power take-off shaft (Bogdanov S.N. et al. Automotive engines M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1987, pp. 356-358, Fig. 199).

However, the Wankel method and engine have a disadvantage in that, despite the reduction in weight and dimensions achieved by a factor of 2–3, the main power characteristics for these parameters remained at the level of conventional internal combustion engines. Its high complexity due to the complex profile of the cylinder and rotor reduces its advantages (http://www.rotor-motor.ru/page03.htm).

The closest analogue to the method adopted for the prototype is a rotary engine according to patent RU 2343290 C2, F01C 1/07, 01/10/2009, which works by a method whose features are partially contained in the claimed and materialized in the rotary engine according to the claimed invention.

A known method of operation of a rotary engine includes converting the potential energy of a gaseous working fluid of high pressure into the kinetic energy of moving work elements in a closed volume of the working chamber, followed by transferring the mentioned kinetic energy to the power take-off shaft, while kinetic energy is generated by intermittent rotation of the working elements, for example pistons, along a circular path with different angular velocities, sequentially performing the intake, compression, working input and issue.

This method is materialized in a rotary engine with a working cylinder of a toroidal profile, with a continuous continuous circumferential groove and walls, a complex sealing system, which makes it low-tech to manufacture and expensive. Another disadvantage is that the pistons rotate intermittently and not continuously along a circular path in one direction. This is due to the fact that at the moment of ignition of the mixture, and it coincides when the combustible mixture compressed to the maximum is supplied to the spark plug located in the dead center zone, and the expanding gases turn one pair of pistons clockwise and the other against and stopping it. Thus, the process of continuity of the conversion of the energy of the working fluid into mechanical is disrupted. It takes the cost of the generated energy to accelerate the flywheels in order to overcome the instantaneous stop of the pistons. This reduces engine efficiency by about 30-40%. The engine will work jerkily, which leads to faster wear of gears and loosening of its linkage system, creating vibration and increased noise (US Pat. RU 2343290 C2).

This disadvantage of rotary engines for this reason is noted in the article "Rotary engines" on the Internet (http://www.rotor-motor.ru/page03.htm, page 1, paragraph 2).

Known rotary engine, which contains a rotary and drive chambers, which is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with two pairs of pistons, made in the form of annular sectors associated with a telescopic rotor. In its drive chamber there is a mechanism for converting the movement of pistons into rotational energy of the power take-off shaft, made in the form of a pair of levers connected to a telescopic rotor, and a backstage. The latter is pivotally mounted on the power take-off shaft. The levers have rollers at the ends that interact with the backstage tracks. The drawstring also has rollers with which it rests on the end ring copier with high and low profile sections (auth. Certificate. SU 1318704 A1, F02B 55/00, 1987).

This mechanism cannot ensure the accurate execution of the clock cycles of the engine in time. So, when you turn the scenes from the ring copier from high to low sections or vice versa, the neutral position of position 18 occurs, when the rollers do not come in contact with the tracks of the scenes. In this transition position, the pistons freeze, i.e. they can stop, go back or forward. When, at the end of the transitional position, the wings moves due to the residual inertia of the mechanism from the maximum to the minimum of the copier profile or vice versa, the wings strike the rollers, violating the rhythm of the pistons, the beats are “stretched” or “compressed”. Uniformity is violated, uneven rotation occurs, accompanied by shock load. In addition, the rollers with cam tracks come into contact with sliding friction at high contact loads, which lead to heating of the roller-cam elements, the system expands, and the absence of a compensator system leads to jamming of the link of the rollers 12 and 14 with the backstage track 18, Fig. 3. This will result in engine shutdown and possible damage. In practice, this scheme is inoperative.

Closest to the claimed invention for a rotary engine in its technical essence is a rotary engine, in which the thermodynamic processes occurring in a four-stroke mode functionally coincide, there is a maximum number of design features that coincide in their functional purpose (US Pat. No. 1,676,211 A, F01C 1/00, 1928).

The rotary engine comprises a housing including a rotary and a camera drive, a telescopic rotor mounted in the housing, made in the form of a sleeve and a shaft placed in it, a power take-off shaft, planetary gear, four pistons installed in the rotor chamber with the possibility of their rotation with a telescopic rotor relative to the axis of the engine , spark plug and crank mechanisms kinematically associated with planetary gear and power take-off shaft. The rotor chamber is made in the form of a hollow toroidal cylinder, consisting of two halves with a continuous continuous circumferential groove and joined by a bolted joint. In the housing there are nozzles for the intake of a combustible mixture and exhaust gases. The main disadvantage of the engine is the low-tech toroidal rotor chamber, the complexity of its manufacture and sealing of the pistons in the chamber.

In addition, the position of the cranks in antiphase corresponds to their simultaneous position at the two dead points created by the mechanism. At this moment, they are braked and the rotation speed drops to zero. To prevent this from happening, inertial forces are created by additionally installing the flywheels on the crankshafts. For their constant acceleration, part of the energy produced by the engine is used, thereby reducing its efficiency. In addition, the dead center shift of the crank mechanisms creates microshocks in the engine, leading to premature wear of its parts, vibration and increased noise.

Another disadvantage is the presence of a large inertial mass of the flywheels in the drive chamber, which performs the function of a mechanism of periodic changes in speeds, which leads to an increase in size,

The basis of the present invention is the task of creating a method of operation of a rotary engine and on its basis the engine itself, which would ensure the continuity of rotation of the working elements in one direction, for example pistons, along a circular path, and thereby simplify the design, increase reliability and engine efficiency.

This problem is solved by the method of operation of a rotary engine, including the processes of converting the potential energy of a gaseous working fluid of high pressure into kinetic energy, followed by transfer of kinetic energy to the power take-off shaft by means of pistons pairwise and opposite located with angular displacement, rotating at different angular velocities along a circular path in a closed the volume of the working chamber, carrying out successively the strokes of the intake, compression, stroke and exhaust. According to the invention, in the working chamber the pistons rotate continuously, after compression ends one piston catches up with another about 15 ° to the reference point, which is taken as the position of the spark plug, then the pistons move together, passing a portion of the ignition chamber equal to about 30 °, slowed down, the mixture ignites and expands, as a result of which one piston receives acceleration and detaches from the other piston, providing a stroke of the stroke.

Thus, the method lays the program for its materialization in the kinematics of the mechanisms that ensure the continuity and smoothness of the processes that create suction, compression, stroke and exhaust cycles, eliminating the negative effects of blind spots in the engine mechanisms.

The claimed method is materialized in a rotary engine containing a housing mounted in the housing of a telescopic rotor made in the form of a shaft with a sleeve on it, pistons mounted on the shaft and on the sleeve, oppositely arranged in pairs with angular displacement and made with the possibility of continuous rotation along a circular path with different angular speeds, a spark plug, a planetary mechanism kinematically connected with a power take-off shaft and a rotor, nozzles for suction of a combustible mixture and exhaust gases, the housing is divided into a chamber Ivod and rotor chamber by a baffle.

A distinctive feature of the engine is that the engine includes a breather for removing gases from the rotor chamber, the rotor chamber is reinforced with a sleeve having a cylindrical profile and spacers, the pistons are made in the form of annular sectors, the housing is closed with caps, in one of which the axle box is fixed, for one sec of which the planetary gear sun wheel is made, a power take-off shaft with a carrier rigidly fixed to it is installed in the axle box hole on the bearings, satellite gears engaged with the sun wheel are fixed They are mounted on cranks concentrically located and movably mounted on the carrier with eccentrics, the engine is rigidly connected to the carrier, movably mounted on the rotor hub and supported by a bearing located in the baffle, and a disk on which concentrically arranged additional eccentrics of the cranks are connected movably drove through the axles on which the connecting rods are mounted, pivotally connected by means of earrings to the shaft and the rotor hub.

In general, this ensures the continuous motion of the pistons in one direction along a circular path without jerks and loss of generated power, increases the smoothness of the engine without vibration, its reliability and efficiency.

The method and device are illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an engine; figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1, showing the crank mechanism; figure 3 is a section along BB in figure 1 with the planetary mechanism; figure 4 shows the position I of the pistons at the initial moment before starting the engine; figure 5 - position II of the pistons at the time of their approach at the end of the compression stroke; figure 6 shows the position of the III pistons at the time of ignition of the compressed mixture; Fig.7 - the position of the IV pistons before the start of the stroke at the time of acceleration of the front piston.

The method is as follows.

Figure 4 presents the conditional initial position of the rotor, for example, crosswise opposite pairwise opposed pistons 1, 3 and 2, 4 in the chamber formed by the surfaces of the stationary housing and the movable elements of the rotor, consisting of a shaft and a sleeve freely rotating on it. Pistons are oppositely mounted in pairs on the shaft and rotor hub with the possibility of rotation fan-shaped with different angular speeds. Ignition is carried out from the ignition chamber with a constant sparking of the candle. In this position, the intake and exhaust windows are open. Figure 4 shows that the pistons in a closed space form a suction cavity - G, compression - D, stroke - E, exhaust - Zh, while in the course of thermodynamic processes that occur during one cycle, their volumes change. For the reference point of the processes taken, as shown in Fig.6, the position of the spark plug. Using, for example, a starter, the rotor with the pistons is accelerated.

Consider the processes occurring in the working cavities at different positions of the rotor.

At position I, the mixture is sucked into the cavity G, the cavity D is filled with the mixture, the spark plug constantly sparks, the exhaust cavity G is open, the pistons 1 and 3 are inhibited, their center coincides with the process reference point 6, pistons 2 and 4 receive acceleration. In the cavity D, the volume of which has become minimal, the process of compression of the mixture ends and about 15 ° to the point 6 of the process reference, the piston 4 catches up with the piston 1 (position II) and, with some technological gap, continue to move together for about 15 °, passing through the ignition chamber 7 ( Regulation III). The mixture ignites. The piston 1 receives acceleration and breaks away from the piston 4, in the cavity D, the stroke of the working stroke begins (position IV).

At the same time, the opposed piston 2, moving quickly, squeezes the gases out of the cavity G, performing an exhaust stroke, and catches up with the piston 3, which provides suction into the cavity G. Pistons 2 and 3 likewise pass the zone between the exhaust and the suction. The piston 3 closes the suction window, having received acceleration, the compression process is carried out. Piston 2 approaches the suction window.

To the initial position, position I, the rotor will make one revolution, i.e. will turn 360 ° by performing two four-stroke cycles. The movement of the pistons resembles a fan. Next, the cycle repeats.

In accordance with the cycle diagram and the kinematics of the engine, transmitting the movement from the pistons to the power take-off shaft (PTO), the latter will make one revolution in two turns of the telescopic rotor 17 with pistons 1, 2, 3 and 4.

The rotary engine includes opposed pistons 1, 2, 3 and 4 arranged opposite in pairs with angular displacement, made in the form of annular sectors, coolers 5, point 6 of the beginning and end of the reference point of the processes, the ignition chamber 7, the working cylinder 8, the housing 9, divided into drive chambers 10 and rotor 11 by a partition 12. The housing 9 is closed by covers 13 and 14. A cover 15 is fixed in the cover 13, in which a power take-off shaft (PTO) is mounted on bearings. A telescopic rotor 17 is mounted in the housing 9, consisting of a shaft 18 and a sleeve 19, movably mounted on a shaft 18 mounted on the bearing bearings 20 and 21. In the rotor chamber 11, a sleeve 22 is rigidly fixed to the shaft 18, and a sleeve 23 is rigidly fixed to the sleeve 19 Pistons 1 and 3 are paired and opposed rigidly fixed to sleeve 22, for example, by screws 24. Rotor chamber 11 with pistons 1, 2, 3 and 4 form a working cylinder 8.

Pistons 2 and 4 are rigidly fixed in pairs and opposite to the sleeve 23, for example, with screws 25. The chamber 11 is reinforced with a sleeve 26 having a cylindrical profile and spacers 27 and 28. The housing 9 can be integral or integral, in which the chambers 10 and 11 are connected by threaded connection 29. The support 20 is located in the right cover 14, and the support 21 in the bearing 30 of the PTO 16, located in the cavity of the drive chamber 10, in which the PTO drive mechanism is mounted 16. An earring 31 is rigidly fixed to the left end of the shaft 18, and on the sleeve 19 earring 32. A planetary fur is mounted in the chamber 10 ISM 33, including a sun wheel 34, made as a special case for one with axle box 15, two satellite gears 35 and 36, installed with the possibility of rolling around the sun wheel 34. At the end of the shaft 16, located in the chamber 10, the planet carrier 37 is rigidly fixed 33, in which the holes are concentrically arranged, in which the cranks 38 and 39 with eccentrics 40 and 41 are mounted on the bearings, the satellite gears 36 and 35 are respectively installed at the ends of the cranks 38 and 39. The planetary mechanism 33 is connected to the rotor via an intermediate link A fan, which includes an opposed carrier 37 mounted in the chamber 11, a disk 42 with a hub, movably mounted on the sleeve 19 and supported by a bearing 43 located in the baffle 12. The disk 42 has opposed holes similar to the carrier 37, in which the cranks 44 are mounted on the bearings and 45 with the eccentrics 46 and 47. The carrier 37 and the disk 42 are rigidly connected by studs 48.

Eccentrics 40 and 46, 41 and 47 are connected in pairs by crank necks 49 and 49 ', on which connecting rods 50 and 51 are mounted by means of axles 52 and 53, respectively connected by earrings 32 and 31. Cranks 38 and 44 with eccentrics 40 and 46 connected by crank necks 49 with a connecting rod 50, form one crank mechanism 54. Cranks 39 and 45 with eccentrics 41 and 47 connected by a crank neck 49 'with a connecting rod 51 form another crank mechanism 55. Both crank mechanisms are connected to the telescopic rotor via mounted on the shaft 18 with offset earrings 31 and 32, with creating a balancing system (figure 2). The crank mechanisms with a composite crankshaft in the invention are a special case of execution, as a variant of the prototype, but forged or cast crankshafts are more progressive.

Crank necks 49 and 49 'of the crank mechanisms are displaced one relative to the other by a predetermined ignition timing, set depending on the combustible sweep used (Fig. 2), which exclude negative phenomena caused by the presence of dead spots inherent in the crank mechanisms, such as then: slowing down the pistons to zero or moving them back. In this case, one of the crank necks 49 coincides with the vertical axis of the engine, and the other 49 'is offset at a certain angle to the vertical axis of the engine (figure 2). The axis 52 and 53, connecting the earrings 31 and 32 with the connecting rods 50 and 51, are offset relative to each other on both sides of the horizontal axis of the engine (figure 2). This allows you to create a shift in the cycle of the beginning of the working stroke relative to point 6 of the starting point of the processes at a given ignition timing, set depending on the combustible mixture used. In this case, the stroke begins after the piston 1 passes the dead point coinciding with point 6 and the further accelerated movement of the piston 1 sets the rotation to the upper crankshaft. At this time, the lower crankshaft is ahead of the bottom dead center, not allowing the pistons to stop.

To determine the position of the measures from the cycle diagram, i.e. the starting point of processes, etc., the spatial position and the relationship of parts and mechanisms of the engine, the geometric, horizontal and vertical axis of the engine are conventionally adopted.

A spark plug 56, a nozzle 57 for suction of a combustible mixture and a nozzle 58 for exhausting gases, as well as a breather 59 for removing gases from the chamber 11, an opening 60 for supplying water to the coolers 5 are mounted in the housing 9.

In the engine, a lubrication system for moving elements is provided, for this a hole is provided in the cover 14.

The engine operates as follows.

After acceleration of the telescopic rotor 17 together with the pistons 1 and 3, 2 and 4 from an external source, such as a starter, the working mixture is fed through the nozzle 57 into the cavity Г, the cavity D is already filled with the working mixture, the spark plug constantly sparks in the ignition chamber, the exhaust cavity Ж is open , the pistons 1 and 3, slowing down the movement, cross the ignition chamber, the pistons 2 and 4 get acceleration, the mixture in the cavity D is compressed, its volume becomes minimal, the compression stroke ends (position I goes to position II, FIGS. 2 and 5).

Not reaching approximately 15 ° to the reference point 6 (position II), when the piston 4 caught up with the piston 1, but not touching so that a certain technological gap was maintained between the pistons, the pistons 4 and 1 move together, passing the next section of the ignition chamber, equal to approximately another 30 ° at slow speed (position III). The mixture ignites and expands, as a result of which the piston 1 receives acceleration and breaks away from the piston 4, the cavity D occupies the position of the cavity E and the stroke begins (position IV).

At the same time, the piston 2 starts synchronous together with the pistons 4 and 1, displacing the exhaust gas into the exhaust nozzle, moving to position I, catches up the piston 3 and they begin to move together.

For a half-turn of the rotor, one working cycle is performed and for the next half-revolution one more working cycle. Pistons 1 and 3 transmit rotation to shaft 18, pistons 2 and 4 of sleeve 19, shaft 18 through earring 31, connecting rod 51, cam 41 and 40 through carrier 37, and pistons 2 and 4 through earring 32, connecting rod 50, cam 46 and 47 through the disk (carrier) 42 drives the satellite gears 35 and 36, which, rolling along the sun wheel 34, set the speed of rotation of the power take-off shaft 16. When the gear ratio of the planetary gear 33 is, for example, 1: 2, in two rotor rotations or in four cycles, the PTO 16 will make one revolution.

Next, the cycle is repeated by the continuous rotation of the rotor with pistons.

Information sources

1. S.N. Bogdanov and others. Car engines. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1987, pp. 356-358.

2. Application RU No. 95105837, F01C 1/06, 1995

3. Application RU No. 99126618, F01C 3/00, 1999

4. Patent RU No. 2105891, F02B 57/00, 1995.

5. Patent RU No. 2189470, F02B 53/08, 2000

6. Patent RU No. 2298678, F02B 57/00, 2004

7. Patent RU No. 2343290 C2, F01C 1/07, 2009 - a prototype.

8. Auth. testimonial. SU No. 1318704 A1, F02B 55/00, 1987

9. US patent No. 1676211 A, F01C 1/00, 1928 - the prototype.

Claims (2)

1. The method of operation of a rotary engine, including the processes of converting the potential energy of a gaseous working fluid of high pressure into kinetic energy, followed by transfer of kinetic energy to the power take-off shaft by means of pistons pairwise and opposite located with angular displacement, rotating at different angular velocities along a circular path in a closed volume the working chamber, carrying out successively the strokes of the intake, compression, stroke and exhaust, characterized in that the pistons rotate continuously, last At the end of compression, one piston catches up with another about 15 ° to the reference point, which is taken as the position of the spark plug, then the pistons move together, passing a portion of the ignition chamber equal to about 30 ° at a slower speed, the mixture ignites and expands, due to whereby one piston receives acceleration and breaks away from another piston, providing a stroke of the stroke. 2. A rotary engine comprising a housing, a telescopic rotor mounted in the housing, made in the form of a shaft with a sleeve on it, pistons mounted on the shaft and on the sleeve, oppositely arranged in pairs with angular displacement and made with the possibility of continuous rotation along a circular path with different angular speeds, spark plug, planetary gear kinematically connected to the power take-off shaft and the rotor, nozzles for the intake of a combustible mixture and exhaust gases, the housing is divided into a drive chamber and a rotor chamber oh, characterized in that the engine includes a breather for removing gases from the rotor chamber, the rotor chamber is reinforced with a sleeve having a cylindrical profile, and spacers, the pistons are made in the form of annular sectors, the housing is closed by covers, in one of which the axle box is fixed, for one of which the sun wheel of the planetary mechanism was made, a power take-off shaft with a carrier rigidly fixed to it was installed in the axle box hole on the bearings, satellite gears engaged with the sun wheel were mounted concentrically The crankshafts are mounted and movably mounted on the carrier with eccentrics, the engine is rigidly connected to the carrier, movably mounted on the rotor hub and supported by a bearing located in the baffle, a disk on which concentrically located eccentrics of additional cranks are mounted movably on which the connecting rods are mounted pivotally connected by means of sulfur to the shaft and rotor hub.

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