RU2564725C2 - Four-stroke crankless piston heat engine with opposed cylinders - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in propulsion engineering. Claimed engine comprises cylinder heads (2), cylinders (3 and 4) to house axially symmetric pistons (5) coupled with conversion mechanism. The latter is composed of said sleeve (12) fitted in axial bearings mounted in the seats of cylinders. Ends of the sleeve (12) have equidistant curvilinear surfaces. Sleeve (12) is engaged via rim made on its outer surface with power takeoff shaft (16) and valve timing drive. Forked rods (7) are rigidly coupled with pistons (5) and articulated with said curvilinear surfaces of sleeve (12) with phase shift of π/2. Said rods (7) have two pins at the ends of rod (7) axles and nearby every rod arm to contact with top and bottom curvilinear end surfaces of the sleeve.

EFFECT: higher reliability, decreased overall dimensions.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular engine building and compressor engineering, and can be used as an internal combustion engine or reciprocating compressor.

Known designs of crankless reciprocating heat engines, for example, a crankless internal combustion engine (RU No. 2264546, F02B 75/26, F01B 3/04, decl. 08.04.2004, publ. 20.11.2005). The engine contains a cylinder, a sleeve, a piston, a stepped output shaft, one of the stages of which is connected to the piston via an axis. One of its ends is supported by a spring. The output shaft stage connected to the piston is made in the form of a glass, the walls of which cover the piston.

A through radial channel is made in the walls of the glass, communicating with the engine inlet cavity. The end face of the glass is made in the form of a curved surface. At the opposite ends of the axis (pins) connecting the piston to the shaft, two rolling bearings are installed. Bearings internal to the piston are supported by the curved surface of the output shaft, while external bearings are located in the straight grooves of the housing. The second end of the spring is mounted on the axis of the bearings.

The disadvantages of this design include the relatively large dimensions of the engine, due to the significant height and complicated piston design. Hence the increased mass of the piston and the engine as a whole. In addition, the engine operates on a two-stroke cycle, which also, due to deficiencies in gas exchange processes (transverse-slotted cylinder purge system), reduces its economic performance.

The closest solution to the claimed is the design of a piston engine for converting the energy of the working fluid into mechanical work (patent RU No. 2227209, C17F01B 3/04, F02B 75/32, publ. 04/20/2004). The engine contains pistons, cylinders with grooves on its cylindrical surface, a transmission mechanism with rollers, a compression and combustion chamber, a gas distribution mechanism, and an output shaft. Pistons are connected to the shaft by a movable joint, consisting of gear racks and gear rollers, which allows the pistons to move along the axis of the shaft and transmit torque. Pistons are kinematically connected to the cylinders by means of a pair of rollers and a curved groove that gives the piston rotational motion.

The main disadvantages of such an engine are:

- the complex design of the piston due to the toothed rack made on its inner surface;

- the presence of gear rollers, which leads to an increase in the mass of the engine and the number of wearing parts, as a result of which its resource is reduced and the cost of the engine increases;

- increased noise and vibration during engine operation due to the large number of inevitable technological gaps;

- the presence of two curved surfaces made on the walls of the cylinders for each piston, which complicates the manufacture and increases the cost of the engine.

In addition, such an engine has asymmetric pistons of complex design, which can cause high thermal deformations.

The basis of the present invention is the task of improving the technical performance of a reciprocating heat engine by reducing the number of parts that receive and transmit engine torque, reducing their mass and overall dimensions, as well as using the opposed cylinder arrangement when implementing a four-stroke cycle using a compact (small) camshaft drive circuit.

The solution to the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in a four-stroke crankless piston heat engine with an opposed arrangement of cylinders containing two cylinders, a sleeve with curved end surfaces, two-arm fork rods with pins on the ends of the horns; the axis of the rods with rollers mounted on the ends of the axles, axle axles with rollers, pistons, drive shafts of the gas distribution and power take-off mechanism, a torque transmission function is performed by a sleeve with curved ends and a gear rim, as well as the fact that the pistons are installed in opposed cylinders, by means of forked double-arm rods simultaneously interact with curved end surfaces (treadmills) of the sleeve. Moreover, the rollers mounted on the ends of the axis of one of the two-arm fork rods rigidly connected to the corresponding piston and the rollers mounted on the trunnion trunnions of the other two-arm fork rod are in contact simultaneously with each of the curved end surfaces of the sleeve (with a phase shift equal to π / 2) associated with a piston mounted in an opposed cylinder. The reciprocating movement of the pistons is ensured by the fact that the rollers mounted on the axles of the axes located at each of the roots of the two-arm rods move in vertically grooves made on the inner surfaces of the cylinder liners.

The proposed four-stroke reciprocating piston thermal engine with an opposed cylinder arrangement provides the following advantages:

- compactness with significantly lower weight and dimensions;

- higher efficiency due to the implementation of a four-cycle cycle;

- less noise operation;

- ease of manufacture and high power density.

A feature of the four-stroke crankless reciprocating heat engine with an opposed arrangement of cylinders is that each piston is rigidly connected to the corresponding two-arm fork rod, each of the rods interacts with curved end surfaces of the sleeve of the movement conversion mechanism by means of rollers mounted on the ends of the axes of the rods and axles receiving axial forces from gas pressure in the combustion chamber and inertia forces of the reciprocating moving masses.

Another important feature of a four-stroke crankless reciprocating heat engine with an opposed arrangement of cylinders is that both two-arm forked rods are located inside the sleeve of the motion conversion mechanism, and each curved end surface of the sleeve acts as a treadmill for rollers mounted respectively at the root and tops of the forked rod horns, which ensures the continuity of contact in the mates "roller - treadmill sleeve".

The design of the proposed technical solution is illustrated in FIG. 1-4. In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a four-stroke crankless piston heat engine with an opposed arrangement of cylinders; in FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of double-arm forked rods of a motion conversion mechanism; in FIG. 3 shows a section through a sleeve of a movement conversion mechanism with curved end surfaces; in FIG. 4 is a diagram of a sweep of a side surface of a sleeve of a motion conversion mechanism with designation of surface sections of treadmills on the end surfaces of the sleeve corresponding to different phases of a duty cycle in combustion chambers of opposed engine cylinders.

A four-stroke reciprocating piston thermal engine with an opposed cylinder arrangement contains spark plugs 1, cylinder heads 2, opposed cylinders 3 and 4 with cooling ribs 6 and axisymmetric pistons 5 installed in them (in cylinders). The pistons are connected by two-arm fork rods 7 having axes 10 and pins 14, with curved ends of sleeve 12, which is installed in axial bearings formed by bushings 11, pressed into seats, made on the lower parts of cylinders 3 and 4. Sleeve 12 with equid with truly located curved end surfaces on its outer surface has a gear rim that transmits rotation to the gear shaft of the power take-off shaft 16 and the timing gear drive shaft 15. In each two-arm fork rod at the root of the horns there is an axis 10, on the trunnions (ends) of which the rollers 8 are mounted and 9. Moreover, the rollers 8 are articulated with the upper (facing the corresponding piston) curved end surface of the racetrack of the sleeve 12, and the rollers 9 are located in vertical grooves, in made on the inner surface of the cylinders 3 and 4. The rollers 13 mounted on the pins 14 located at the tops of each of the horns of the double-arm fork rods 7 are articulated with the lower (remote from the corresponding piston) curved end surface of the sleeve 12. This ensures contactless contact of the rollers 8 and 13 with corresponding running surfaces of the sleeve 12 during rotational movement. Together, the above allows for the reciprocating movement of the rods 7 and pistons 5 during the operation of the engine.

The principle of operation of a four-stroke crankless reciprocating heat engine with an opposed arrangement of cylinders is as follows: after ignition of the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber by the spark plug 1, the pressure of the expanding working fluid acts on the surface of the piston 5, which is rigidly connected to the two-arm fork rod 7 and causes it to move from the top dead point (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). The rod acts on the axis 10 and on the rollers 8 installed at its ends, made in the form of bushings, which slide along the axis 10 with their inner side and roll on the curved end surface of the sleeve 12. The rollers 9 mounted on the ends (pins) of the axis 10 are moved along vertical grooves made on the inner surfaces of the cylinders 3 and 4. Due to this, the translational movement of the pistons 5 and rods 7 is converted into rotational motion of the sleeve 12 mounted in axial bearings formed by the bushings 11. Rotational d the movement of the sleeve 12 is transmitted, thanks to the gear made on its outer surface, to the power take-off shaft 16 and through the shaft 15 to the timing mechanism drive 17.

Fork double-arm rods 7 are articulated with curved end surfaces of the sleeve 12 with a phase shift equal to π / 2. For this reason, during a period when a working stroke is made in one of the opposed cylinders, the exhaust gas is released in the other. In other words, the phase sequence of the flow of the working cycle in opposed cylinders flows with a phase shift π / 2.

Thus, the inventive four-stroke reciprocating piston heat engine with an opposed arrangement of cylinders allows to ensure reliable operation, reduce dimensions while increasing efficiency and specific power performance.

Claims (1)

A four-stroke reciprocating piston thermal engine with an opposed cylinder arrangement, containing cylinder heads, cylinders with axisymmetric pistons located in them, connected with a motion conversion mechanism, characterized in that the movement conversion mechanism is made in the form of a sleeve mounted in axial bearings in the cylinder seats, the ends of the sleeve have equidistant curved surfaces, the sleeve is connected to the shaft by means of a gear ring made on its outer surface m of power take-off and timing gear drive, and by means of double-arm fork rods having two trunnions, respectively, at the ends of the rod axes and at the tops of each horn, and in contact with the upper and lower curved end surfaces of the sleeve, are kinematically connected with the pistons of the opposed cylinders, with In this case, the forked double-arm rods are rigidly connected to the pistons and kinematically coupled to the curved surfaces of the sleeve with a phase shift equal to π / 2.

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