RU2449138C2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: engine comprises a compressor unit and a unit of working cylinders. At the same time it comprises combustion chambers, a crankcase with a conrod-free power converter of pistons movement, a sleeve group, a system of fuel mixture preparation and supply, suction and exhaust valves, a system of engine start-up, cooling and lubrication systems. According to the invention, the compressor unit is made as two or more staged with heat exchangers installed at each stage. The working unit is made of cylinders with working chambers and combustion chambers to prepare the fuel mix and burn it. At the same time the compressor unit and working units are connected to each other with an air duct through a receiver, a regenerator and an inlet valve and have rigid kinematic connection via the power conrod-free mechanism of pistons movement conversion.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of engine operation.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and can be used on vehicles: motorcycles, automobiles, airplanes, and also as a drive for stationary installations.

An analogue of the proposed engine is the engine according to patent RU 2027879. This engine has two cylinders, in one there are suction and compression strokes, in the other - strokes of the stroke and exhaust. The cylinders are interconnected by a channel, which is blocked by a valve.

The engine according to patent RU 2027879 has a number of disadvantages due to the complexity of the application of a functional diagram. Essentially, all engine operation is based on the use of a crank mechanism for converting reciprocating piston movements into a rotational output shaft. The traditional piston motion transducer causes large lateral loads of the pistons on the cylinder walls due to the movement of the crank at an angle to their axis. In addition, the resulting force from the influence of gas pressure on the piston is not fully used to create torque on the crankshaft, since it decomposes into two components.

In the gas exchange between the cylinders - the supercharger and the working cylinders - many channels and functional valves are used, while the partition installed between them requires a strict definition of the angular displacement of the cranks.

In general, due to the complexity of gas exchange and the design of the engine, its cycle cannot be performed and cannot be performed efficiently.

The closest in design is the engine according to patent RU 2286470. It contains at least one supercharger cylinder (compressor) and one working cylinder, pistons installed in the cylinders with the formation of over-piston cavities kinematically connected with the crank mechanism, the cylinder head with a bypass channel configured to communicate the piston cavities of the supercharger cylinder (compressor) and the working cylinder, a spring-loaded bypass valve installed in the head with the possibility of a period of overlapping the bypass channel, the spark plug mounted in the working cylinder, and the crank associated with the piston of the working cylinder is displaced relative to the crank connected to the piston of the cylinder of the compressor (compressor), in the direction of advancing along the rotation of the crankshaft with the formation of an offset angle between the cranks . Two strokes take place in the compressor cylinder — suction and compression, and two strokes take place in the working cylinder — the stroke and exhaust.

The disadvantage of this engine is low efficiency and low efficiency due to incomplete cleaning of the cylinders from exhaust gases and large temperature gradients of the working surfaces of the cylinders.

The technical result of the invention is to increase profitability by reducing the cost of compressing air, performing the combustion process at a constant volume, and expanding gases at a constant temperature, and also by regenerating the heat of the exhaust gases by transferring it to the air sent to the combustion chamber.

The technical result of the invention is as follows: an internal combustion engine including a compressor block and a block of working cylinders, a crankcase with a rodless power converter for piston movement, a piston-cylinder group, fuel mixture preparation and supply systems, suction and exhaust valves, engine starting, cooling and lubrication systems, moreover, the compressor unit is made of two or more steps with heat exchangers installed at each stage, and the working unit is made of cylinders with working combustion chambers and additional combustion chambers for preparing the fuel mixture and its combustion, while the blocks are interconnected by an air duct through the receiver and the intake valve and have a rigid kinematic connection through a power rod-free mechanism for converting piston movements that do not require strict angular positioning, the compressor block can be double-sided actions due to the use of the piston and piston cavities of the cylinder as workers, and the working unit has two or more cylinders. Pistons in two-cylinder blocks are installed in antiphase, and with a larger number of cylinders - at equal angles of their positioning. The operation cycle in a four-stroke engine is carried out in two cylinders: suction and compression in the compressor cylinder, and combustion in the combustion chamber, stroke and exhaust gases directly in the working cylinder. The air compressed in the compressor cylinder is supplied to the combustion chambers through the receiver, and the air is compressed stepwise with its intermediate cooling, which brings the compression process closer to isothermal, in which the cost of the compression work will be lower compared to any other compression processes. Between the receiver and the working cylinder of the engine there is a regenerator designed to heat the air entering the combustion chamber due to the heat of the exhaust gases. The process of gas expansion in the working cylinder approaches isothermal due to pulsed injection of fuel into the combustion chambers and stepwise expansion in the working cylinder. Kinematically, the compressor and the working pistons are interconnected via a rodless power transducer for the movement of the pistons, and gas exchange between them is carried out through the receiver and regenerator.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1, the internal combustion engine. The engine consists of two blocks - the working block 1 and the block of a multi-stage compressor with intermediate cooling 2.

The working unit 1 consists of two cylinders 3, in which pistons 4 are mounted, mounted on the rods 5. Inlet and discharge valves 6 and exhaust (exhaust) valves 7 and nozzles 8 are mounted in the cylinders. Additional combustion chambers 9 are located in the cylinder heads. connected to the combustion chambers 10, formed by pistons 4 located at top dead center and cylinder covers, having a volume sufficient to accommodate the amount of air required for combustion of the fuel.

The regenerator (heat exchanger) 11 is connected to the combustion chambers of the cylinders by a pipe 12 and with the receiver-pipe 13. The exhaust gases from the cylinders exit through a pipe 14, the regenerator 11 and the exhaust pipe 15. The air from the receiver 16 enters the heat exchanger 11 through a pipe 13.

Compressor unit 2 consists of a three-stage cylinder 17, each of which has respective pistons 18 mounted on a common rod 19. A check valve for the inlet 20 and outlet 21 of the first compressor stage is mounted in the cylinder of the first stage. The inlet check valve 22 is mounted in the second stage of the compressor. The pipe 23 supplies air from the heat exchanger 24 to the second stage, while it is itself connected by a pipe 25 to the first compressor stage. The third stage of the compressor is equipped with an inlet check valve 26, and the cavity of the stage is connected by a pipe 27 to a heat exchanger 28. The third stage also has a return valve 29. The heat exchanger 28 is connected to the second stage by a pipe 30. The pipe 31 is connected to the receiver 16. The second stage has a check valve 32.

Kinematically, the working cylinder block 1 is connected to the compressor block 2 through a piston-free power piston converter 33, which is connected to the output shaft 34 of the power take-off.

As a power rod-free mechanism for converting movements, you can use the version of the mechanism for A. with. No. 2237175.

The engine operates as follows.

It is known that the cycle of a 4-stroke engine, respectively, is performed in the following sequence of strokes: suction + compression + stroke and exhaust.

Therefore, we describe the operation of the engine in the same sequence, that is, from the operation of the compressor unit 2, performing suction and compression strokes. When the rod 19 and piston 18 move upward, air is sucked in from the atmosphere through the inlet check valve 20 into the piston cavity of the first stage, while atmospheric air is compressed in the supra-piston cavity, which leads to the opening of the first stage exhaust valve 21, which allows air to flow through the pipeline 25, then through a heat exchanger 24, through a pipe 23, and as a result, air is pumped through the inlet check valve 22 into the lower cavity of the second stage. As a result of cooling the air by the heat exchanger 24, its temperature will be close to the temperature of the air when it is sucked into the first stage. Since the volume of the cavity of the second stage is less than the volume of the cavity of the first stage, the gas will be compressed with a higher pressure.

When the rod 19 and the piston 18 of the second stage moves upward, air is sucked into the sub-piston cavity and, at the same time, air is compressed in the supra-piston cavity, which entered through the heat exchanger 24 from the lower cavity of the first stage when the piston 18 moves downward, while the check valve 20 of the first stage is closed. Upon reaching a certain air pressure in the supra-piston cavity of the second stage, the exhaust valve 32 opens and the compressed air enters through the pipe 31 into the heat exchanger (cooler) 28, and from it into the lower cavity of the third compressor stage.

Since the volume of the cavity of the third stage is less than the volume of the cavity of the second stage, when the piston reaches the upper points of the second and third stages, the gas will be compressed additionally to the specified value.

After reaching the preset pressure in the nadporshnevy cavity of the third stage, the check valve 29 opens and compressed air is piped through the pipe 31 to the receiver 16.

The degree of air compression is calculated by the ratio of the volume of the working cavities of the cylinder, and the decrease in gas temperature - by the working areas of heat exchangers.

The cooling of the compressed air in the heat exchangers 24, 28 can be either water or air. The surface areas of the heat exchangers should be such that the compression process approaches isothermal.

The strokes of the stroke and exhaust are performed in the working cylinders 3 of block 1 after combustion of the fuel with air in the combustion chamber 10.

The compressor 2 pumps compressed air into the receiver 16 under a certain pressure corresponding to the pressure that reaches during compression in the cylinders of uncompressed engines. From the receiver 16 through the pipe 13, the air enters the regenerator 11, in which it is heated as a result of heat extraction from the exhaust gases. After heating, air 12 enters the additional combustion chamber through pipe 12. When the piston 4 reaches the top dead center, the exhaust process ends and the exhaust valve 7 closes, and at this moment fuel is injected into the additional combustion chamber 9 through the nozzle 8. Due to the high air temperature, auto-ignition of the fuel mixture occurs. The fuel mixture is ignited, and the pressure in the combustion chamber rises sharply, while the exhaust valve 7 closes. The piston 4 under the action of high pressure moves downward, making a stroke.

To carry out the isothermal process of gas expansion in order to obtain maximum work through the nozzle 8, an additional (metered) fuel injection is performed so that the gas temperature during the movement of the piston from top dead center to bottom remains unchanged, while the combustion of the air-fuel mixture occurs in an additional the combustion chamber 9 and the combustion chamber 10.

When the piston 4 reaches bottom dead center, the exhaust valve 7 opens and the process of exhaust gases begins.

Thus, each engine block 1 and 2 performs its functions, and together they ensure the fulfillment of all 4 cycles - suction, compression, stroke, exhaust.

Figure 1 shows two working cylinders, which leads to smooth operation of the engine, since the pistons are installed in antiphase.

Claims (3)

1. Internal combustion engine, consisting of a compressor block and a block of working cylinders, combustion chambers, a crankcase with a rodless power transducer for piston movement, a cylinder-piston group, a fuel mixture preparation and supply system, suction and exhaust valves, an engine starting system, a cooling system and a lubrication system characterized in that the compressor unit is made of two or more steps with installed heat exchangers at each stage, the working unit is made of cylinders with working chambers and a chamber for the preparation and combustion of the fuel mixture and its combustion, the compressor unit and the working units are interconnected through the receiver duct, and regenerator and the inlet valve have a rigid driving connection via a power conversion mechanism connecting rod free piston movements. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor is double-acting due to the use of the over-piston and under-piston cylinder cavities as workers. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the working unit has two or more cylinders mounted at equal angles of their positioning.

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