RU2302543C1 - Piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed piston engine consists of cylinder block with corresponding number of crank-and-piston groups operating to common crankshaft, timing gear, for instance, valve type, fuel system, lubrication, cooling and ignition systems, combustion chamber, system of gas lines, receiver, heat exchanger. Engine combustion chamber to which fuel-air mixture is delivered is brought outside cylinder block being common for all operating cylinders. Part of cylinders is used as delivery ones providing delivery of compressed air into combustion chamber, while other part of operating cylinders is used as expansion machine which is supplied with high-temperature gas delivery from combustion chamber through timing gear. All cylinders, delivery and operating ones, operate according to two stroke cycle. Air from delivery cylinders passes along channels of heat exchanger before getting into combustion chamber. Air is preliminarily heated in heat exchanger by exhaust gases flowing along other channels of the same heat exchangers after which exhaust gases are discharge into atmosphere.

EFFECT: increased thermal efficiency of engine, improved ecological characteristics, reduced specific fuel consumption and specific weight.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine manufacturing and can be used as a power unit for cars and trucks, buses, unmanned aerial vehicles.

Known analogues: engine with external heat input, US Pat. RF №2246021; device for heat treatment of air by exhaust gases, US Pat. RF №2043531; the two-stroke internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 94001081, selected as a prototype and containing at least two cylinders with cooling jackets, cylinder head covers, pistons placed in the cylinders, a crankshaft connected to the pistons with a crank mechanism, the exhaust manifold is additionally equipped a two-cylinder engine of external heat supply (DVPT), in each cylinder of which there is a piston connected by a crank mechanism with a crankshaft and dividing the cylinder volume into cold and the hot cavity, is also equipped with a working fluid collector and a cooling device, and the exhaust manifold is equipped with a casing. In this case, the cold cavities are interconnected through a cooling device, the hot cavities through the exhaust valves are connected to the cylinder cooling jackets (ICE), and through the intake valves to the working fluid manifold, which is connected directly to the exhaust manifold and to its casing via a check valve . Moreover, the exhaust manifold passes through the cylinder head cover of the engine. The crankshaft cranks for DVPT are offset relative to the cranks for ICE by 45 °, and between themselves - by 180 °. The purpose of the invention is to increase engine efficiency through the use of heat generated during the combustion of fuel by the walls of the combustion chamber, the walls of the cylinder and carried away with exhaust gases. Excessive design complexity, large friction losses during engine operation, as well as heat losses in numerous circuits of the prototype engine can be considered a possible reason that impedes the achievement of the purpose of the invention-prototype.

The claimed invention allows to increase thermal efficiency engine, improve its environmental performance, reduce noise, reduce specific fuel consumption and specific gravity, expand the ability to use various types of fuel (gas, solar oil, fuel oil, kerosene, powdered coal, etc.), eliminate the need to install expensive fuel on the engine equipment and complex ignition systems.

The engine design is schematically shown in figure 1, where it is indicated: 1 - cylinder block; 2 - a combustion chamber carried outside the cylinder block; 3 - heat exchanger; 4 - receiver; 5, 6, 7, - gas ducts. Points O ₁ and O ₂ on block 1 show the axis of the cylinders (for example, a 2-cylinder engine is considered). The block contains two crank-piston groups operating on a common crankshaft (not shown in FIG. 1).

A piston engine operates as follows: cylinder O ₁ is a pressure cylinder and serves to compress atmospheric air and supply it to the receiver 4 and then through the heat exchanger 3 through the gas duct 7 to the combustion chamber 2, where fuel is also supplied. The combustion products formed in the combustion chamber 2 through the gas ducts 5 enter the cylinder O ₂ operating in the expansion machine mode. After expansion in the cylinder O _{2, the} exhaust gases through the gas duct 6 are collected in the heat exchanger 3, where they partially transfer thermal energy to the compressed air coming from the receiver 4. The exhaust gases from the heat exchanger 3 are released into the atmosphere, and the preheated compressed air through the gas duct 7 enters the combustion chamber 2. All cylinders are equipped with valve mechanisms (not shown in FIG. 1) and operate on a push-pull cycle. The order of operation of the cylinders is shown in figure 2.

The design of the piston engine improves fuel efficiency by increasing thermal efficiency engine. This is achieved by the effect of recovering the thermal energy of the exhaust gases in the heat exchanger 3 and transferring part of the heat to the compressed air entering the combustion chamber 2. The external location of the combustion chamber 2 allows the fuel-air mixture to be burned at a practically constant volume, which leads to a decrease in engine noise, and quasistation The combustion process leads to a reduction in exhaust toxicity. This design of the combustion chamber also allows the use of simpler and cheaper fuel supply equipment, the simplest ignition system and makes it possible to use various types of fuel in the engine (natural and associated petroleum gases, heavy diesel fuel, light oil fractions, gasoline and kerosene, powdered coal, etc. )

The drawing shows a schematic description of a piston engine. Figure 1 contains a schematic illustration of the design of a piston engine. Figure 2 shows the operation of the cylinders.

A piston engine consists of a cylinder block 1, containing, for example, two cylinders O ₁ and O ₂ , the cylinder O ₁ being a delivery cylinder and the cylinder O _{2 being} a working one. The combustion chamber 2 is moved outside the cylinder block 1 and is connected with the gas duct 5. The exhaust gases from the cylinder О ₂ are discharged to the heat exchanger 3 through the gas duct 6. A gas duct 7 also passes through the heat exchanger 3, connecting the receiver 4 to the combustion chamber 2. The cylinder block 1 contains two crank-piston groups operating on a common crankshaft and valve timing (not shown in figure 1).

A piston engine operates as follows: cylinder O ₁ is a pressure cylinder and serves to compress atmospheric air and supply it to the receiver 4 and then through the heat exchanger 3 through the gas duct 7 to the combustion chamber 2, where fuel is also supplied. The combustion products formed in the combustion chamber 2 through the gas duct 5 enter the cylinder O ₂ operating in the expansion machine mode. After expansion in the cylinder О _{2, the} exhaust gases through the gas duct 6 are collected in the heat exchanger 3, where they partially transfer thermal energy to the compressed air coming from the receiver 4. The exhaust gases from the heat exchanger 3 are released into the atmosphere, and the preheated compressed air through the gas duct 7 enters the combustion chamber 2. The placement of the combustion chamber outside the working cylinders allows you to organize a quasi-stationary process of combustion of the fuel-air mixture, which leads to a decrease in the toxicity of the combustion products, lower hard combustion and, consequently, the noise of the engine, eliminating the possibility of detonation, and also makes it possible to abandon complex and expensive fuel supply and ignition systems. The presence in the design of the piston engine of a heat exchanger allows you to recover a significant part of the thermal energy of the exhaust gases and transfer it to a fresh charge, which leads to an increase in thermal efficiency engine and, as a result, to increase fuel efficiency.

Claims (2)

1. A piston engine consisting of a cylinder block, the corresponding number of crank-piston groups operating on a common crankshaft, a gas distribution mechanism, for example, a valve type, a fuel supply system, lubrication, cooling and ignition systems, a combustion chamber, a gas duct system, a receiver, a heat exchanger, characterized in that the combustion chamber of the engine into which the air-fuel mixture is supplied is outside the cylinder block and is common to all working cylinders, while a part of the cylinder block is used in achestve injection that provide pressurized air to the combustion chamber, while the other part of the working cylinders is used as an expansion machine, which is fed by high-temperature gas supplied from the combustion chamber through the gas distribution system, wherein all the cylinders and injection and workers work on the two stroke cycle. 2. The piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to recover the thermal energy of the exhaust gases, the air from the injection cylinders passes through the channels of the heat exchanger before it enters the combustion chamber, where it is preheated by exhaust gases flowing through other channels the same heat exchanger, after which the exhaust gases are discharged into the atmosphere.

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