RU2800634C1 - Turbine piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: internal combustion engines (ICE).

SUBSTANCE: proposed internal combustion engine consists of cylindrical shaft 1 passing through the centre of cylinder block 2, at one end of which flywheel 3 is attached, on top of which curved track 4 is mounted, which is a cylinder, in which the end adjacent to flywheel 3 is even, and the other end has two plane, lower and upper, whereas the transition from the lower plane to the upper is carried out along a curved line. Track 4 controls rod 5 of piston 6, which moves along its two planes, thus piston 6 moves up and down in cylinder 2. Above each cylinder 2, head 7 with valves 11 and 12 is fixed, above which, to the cylinder block 2, turbine housing 8 is also attached. At the other end of shaft 1 is attached to rotor 9 of turbine 8 rotated by the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine. Rotor 9 rotates shaft 1, and shaft 1 rotates flywheel 3 with track 4, whereas rod 5 moves piston 6 to BDC and TDC.

EFFECT: simplifying the design and efficiency of the internal combustion engine and reduced friction surfaces of the internal combustion engine parts during its operation.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to internal combustion engines (hereinafter ICE) converting the thermal energy of combustion products into mechanical energy.

An internal combustion engine without a crankshaft is known, comprising at least one toroidal housing containing two or more arc cylinders inside which pistons are installed, while it is equipped with a device mounted on the engine shaft and rigidly interconnected with the engine housing for converting reciprocating rotational motion into rotary in one direction, transmitting rotation in one direction to the output shaft of the engine, which contains an input shaft located on the same axis as the output shaft of the device, an intermediate axis installed perpendicular to the specified axis, clutch elements in the form of an overrunning or ratchet clutch rigidly mounted on the output shaft of the device, interconnected with conical elements of rotation transmission, made with the possibility of mutually reverse rotational movement to transmit rotation to the output shaft of the engine in one direction, while the output shaft of the device is simultaneously the output shaft of the engine, and the input shaft of the device is rigidly mounted on one of the clutch elements and is rigidly connected to each piston of the engine (RU 121005, IPC F02B 71/00, publ. 10.10.2012)

Known internal combustion engine (ICE), whose work is to supply air and fuel to the cylinder, ignition of the working mixture, expansion of combustion products and their subsequent release. Air and fuel are supplied with the piston stroke from top dead center (TDC) to the value h H / 5 Z (XY) to the power of 1 / 1.4 cm, where H is the full piston stroke from TDC to bottom dead center, cm; Z is the ratio of the pressure of the mixture of air and fuel supplied to the cylinder to atmospheric; X usefully used proportion of the calorific value of the mixture of air and fuel at maximum power of the internal combustion engine; Y is the ratio of fuel consumption at a given mode to fuel consumption at maximum mode. The invention provides for a reduction in thermal and mechanical losses, an increase in thermodynamic and real efficiency due to a more complete use of the energy of combustion products, a decrease in exhaust pressure (RU 2050448, IPC F02B 5/00, publ. 20.12.1995).

Known three-stroke engine containing a cylinder in which a side cavity of the combustion chamber with a fuel injector and a spark plug is made. The working piston is placed opposite in the cylinder, overlapping the cylinder outlet window with its lateral surface, and the light inlet piston - displacer, made in the form of a double hollow membrane box or an elastic bellows shell and equipped with a tubular rod tightly fitting into the guide cavity of the inlet window of the cylinder cover, covered with a stopper with a coil spring resting against the intake piston. The working piston is kinematically connected to the crank mechanism of the crankshaft located in the oil-filled crankcase of the engine (RU 2006626, IPC F02B 75/28, publ. 30.01.1994).

An analysis of the known internal combustion engines gives the right to assert that they have a lot of technologically complex manufactured parts, large friction surfaces, a smaller resource, since each cylinder-piston group is forced to work constantly, because they are interconnected by a common part (knee shaft or others) which in in turn leads to wear, in addition, they do not have the function of three, six or nine strokes per revolution of the shaft. The design of analogues is such that it is impossible to turn off any cylinder-piston group during the engine operation cycle, which also affects the efficiency and resource of the internal combustion engine. Similar internal combustion engines are structurally complicated and have a crank mechanism, and this is also a significant drawback.

The task facing the author is to create a structurally simplified, economical internal combustion engine with a reduced friction surface of parts during its operation.

The problem is solved due to the essence of the device of the proposed engine, which allows to eliminate the crankshaft, connecting rod, camshaft and other moving parts that set the engine piston in motion, thanks to the use of a curved track along which the piston rod moves, which is a cylinder, in which one end is even, that is, it is located in one plane, and the other end has two planes: lower and upper, while the transition from the lower plane to the upper one is carried out along a curved line.

According to the invention, a turbo-piston internal combustion engine is proposed, consisting of a cylindrical shaft, at one end of which a turbine rotor is attached, at the other end of the shaft a flywheel is attached, on top of which a curved track is mounted, which is a cylinder, in which one end is even, and the other end has two planes : lower and upper, the transition between which is carried out along a curved line, a piston rod is installed on top of the track, with the ability to move along its two planes, so the piston can move up and down in the cylinder, above which the head with valves is fixed.

The inventive engine consists of a cylindrical shaft 1 passing through the center of the cylinder block 2, at one end of which a flywheel 3 is attached, on top of which a curved track 4 is mounted, which is a cylinder, in which one end is even, that is, it is in the same plane, and the other end has two planes: lower and upper, while the transition from the lower plane to the upper one is carried out along a curved line. Track 4 controls the rod 5 of the piston 6, which moves along its two planes, thus the piston 6 moves up and down in the cylinder 2. Above each cylinder 2, a head 7 with valves 11 and 12 is fixed, above which, to the cylinder block 2, the turbine housing 8 is also attached.

At the other end of the shaft 1 is attached to the rotor 9 of the turbine 8, rotated by the flow of passing gases. In turn, the rotor 9 rotates the shaft 1, and the shaft 1 rotates the flywheel 3 with track 4, while the rod 5 moves the piston 6 to BDC and TDC. The combustion chamber is formed between piston 6 and cylinder head 7 when piston 6 is at TDC. In the combustion chamber, the charge is ignited, and the energy received is transferred to the blades 10 of the rotor 9 of the turbine 8. Thus, work is obtained.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the internal structure of the proposed engine.

In FIG. 2 shows the suction process during operation of the inventive engine.

In FIG. 2a shows the compression process during operation of the inventive engine.

In FIG. 2b shows the exhaust process during operation of the proposed engine.

In FIG. 3 shows a general view of a curved track.

How the device works:

During the rotation of the flywheel 3 of the proposed internal combustion engine, the curved track 4 sets in motion, with the help of the rod 5, the piston 6 from TDC to BDC, while suction flows (Fig. 2), and the suction valve 11 opens, and from BDC to TDC, after closing valves 11 and 12, compression proceeds (Fig. 2a), then the piston freezes at TDC, followed by ignition. The resulting gases (shown in Fig. 2b by arrows), from the combustion chamber, after the exhaust valve 12 is opened, through the collector 13 enter the blades 10 of the turbine 8, where exhaust and work take place simultaneously. As a result of combining exhaust and doing work in one cycle, the cycle is completed in one revolution of track 4 in 360°. During the same revolution, the piston 6 makes one movement from TDC to BDC and the next movement from BDC to TDC. It is noteworthy that in this design there is a separate suction stroke and a separate compression stroke, and the exhaust and power stroke are performed simultaneously. Such processes can also occur in other piston groups 6 in any order, that is, in all cylinders 2 of each specific internal combustion engine or individual cylinders 2 of the same internal combustion engine. In other words, one cylinder 2, two cylinders, or N-th number of cylinders can work.

The fact that piston 6, when reaching TDC or BDC, remains in this position for an interval of approximately 80° (from a cycle of 360°), allows the combustion chamber to be purged and cylinder 2 to be filled with a new charge, without residual gases. The order of cycles in the proposed design is also unique: it is suction, compression, then exhaust and at the same time a working cycle.

The uniqueness of this internal combustion engine also lies in the fact that, after the charge is ignited, the release of heat and energy production, if there is a divided combustion chamber in the design, proceeds at a constant volume.

In the proposed engine, the curved track 4 replaces and allows you to eliminate the crankshaft, connecting rod, camshaft and other moving parts involved in the process of converting the kinetic energy of the charge into the mechanical work of the internal combustion engine, thus, due to this, the engine has less weight and a simpler device with an increased resource work, as the number of friction surfaces is reduced. Also, an increased resource is provided due to the fact that the piston, moving from TDC to BDC and back to TDC, completes a full cycle in one revolution of track 4, and also due to the possibility of periodically switching off individual piston groups (for example, when the engine is idling), which , in turn, reduces fuel consumption.

Thus, the task facing the author is completed.

Claims (1)

Turbo piston internal combustion engine, consisting of a cylindrical shaft, at one end of which a turbine rotor is attached, at the other end of the shaft a flywheel is attached, on top of which a curved track is mounted, which is a cylinder, in which one end is even, and the other end has two planes: lower and upper, the transition between which is carried out along a curved line, a piston rod is installed on top of the track, with the ability to move along its two planes, so the piston can move up and down in the cylinder, above which the head with valves is fixed.