RU2747244C1 - Four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of the fifth stroke - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine construction.SUBSTANCE: four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of the fifth stroke belongs to the field of engine construction, can be used as a drive in various machines, stationary and mobile power plants in the automotive, tractor, electric power and other industries related to the manufacture and operation of various vehicles and power plants. The essence of the invention is that the engine has a crankshaft, two high-pressure cylinders, two low-pressure cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, exhaust valves, intake valves, bypass valves, spark plugs, intake channels, exhaust channels, bypass channels, connecting channel. The low-pressure cylinders are located between the high-pressure cylinders and are connected to the high-pressure cylinders via bypass channels. All of these cylinders have identical pistons connected by connecting rods to the engine's crankshaft. High-pressure cylinders contain lifting intake valves, lifting bypass valves, spark plugs, intake channels. Low-pressure cylinders contain lifting exhaust valves, exhaust channels. The first low-pressure cylinder is connected to the second low-pressure cylinder by a connecting channel passing through the wall between the cylinders. This design increases the degree of expansion of the exhaust gases, allowing the low-pressure cylinders to function as a single cylinder with twice the working volume.EFFECT: technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the engine due to the displacement of the zone of small values of specific fuel consumption in the area of low loads and crankshaft rotation speeds, an increase in the efficiency of energy utilization of the exhaust gases of the engine and the indicator efficiency due to an increase in the degree of expansion of the exhaust gases.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine building, can be used as a drive in various machines, stationary and mobile power plants in the automotive, tractor, electric power and other industries associated with the manufacture and operation of various vehicles and power plants.

Known solution RU 2326250 C1 "Method for the implementation of the operating cycle and the device of a five-stroke internal combustion engine", IPC F02B 75/02, F02G 3/02, containing a working fluid that is generated in the form of a stationary high pressure gas stream by burning fuel in a combustion chamber in a continuous compressed air flow from the compressor. Further, the energy of the working fluid is converted into useful mechanical work, first in cylinders of constant pressure, and then in cylinders - expanders. The aerodynamic pressure of the working gas flow works in the constant-pressure cylinders, which is then fed into the expansion cylinders, where it performs work as a result of thermodynamic expansion. The design implementation of the proposed engine minimally includes the following main devices: a compressor, a constant high pressure combustion chamber, constant pressure working cylinders, expansion working cylinders, a gas exchange system and a gas distribution device, a synchronization system and a power take-off mechanism.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complexity of the design, the creation of a new engine design without unification with serial models of engines. (RU2326250 C1, 10.06.2008).

Known solution RU 2455507 C1 "Method for the implementation of the operating cycle and the device of a pulsating internal combustion engine", IPC F02B 41/06, F02G 3/02, containing an internal combustion engine, including in series: a compressor, a combustion chamber, cylinders of preliminary expansion, cylinders of subsequent expansion, automatic control system for gas exchange between the combustion chamber and the cylinders of the preliminary expansion, between the cylinders of the preliminary and subsequent expansion and between the cylinders of the subsequent expansion and the external environment, the power take-off. Instead of a constant-pressure combustion chamber, a pulsating combustion chamber is used, which generates a discrete working gas flow that accumulates during the full stroke of the piston in the pre-expansion cylinder with a working fluid with a pressure not lower than the compression pressure and with a density lower than the compression density in the compressor. The pulsating combustion chamber includes an intake flap that closes or opens the channel at a certain frequency (compressor → combustion chamber) throughout the full piston stroke, and an automatic synchronizing device that controls the flap options, responding to changes in the pressure of the working fluid in the space between the flap and the piston in pre-expansion cylinder. The damper is opened at the moment when the pressure of the working fluid in the space between the closed damper and the piston becomes equal to a predetermined value less than or equal to the pressure at the inlet from the compressed air compressor or the working mixture. In the interval between the opening and the subsequent closing of the damper in the combustion chamber, a charge of the compressed working combustible mixture is formed with the help of a compressor, after which the combustion process is initialized. The damper is closed at the moment when the pressure of the working fluid, as a result of the initialization of the combustion process, exceeds the preset value. In the interval between the closing and subsequent opening of the damper, a preliminary expansion of the working fluid is carried out. At the moment of completion of the forward stroke of the piston, the combustion chamber is switched to another cylinder of preliminary expansion, and in the process of the return stroke of the piston, the subsequent expansion of the working fluid into a cylinder of subsequent expansion of a larger volume is carried out. In the process of the reverse stroke of the piston in the cylinder of subsequent expansion, the spent working fluid is released.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need to create an engine of a new design without unification with serial models of engines (RU 2455507 C1, 10.07.2012).

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in purpose and technical essence to the claimed object is the solution of US 6553977 B2 "Five-stroke internal combustion engine", IPC F02B 41/06, containing at least one low-pressure cylinder operating in two-stroke mode, located between two high-pressure cylinders operating in a four-stroke mode, a working chamber. Each high pressure cylinder is able to communicate with the working chamber of the low pressure cylinder through a valve and manifold.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the engine of the new design is not unified with the serial models of engines (US 6553977 B2, 04/29/2003).

The essence of the invention

The objective of the claimed solution is to increase the indicator efficiency of the engine, to increase the efficiency of the engine, to increase the efficiency of utilizing the energy of the exhaust gases of the engine, to create a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of the fifth stroke based on a four-cylinder engine with the function of four-stroke operation of the serial model with minor changes.

The four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of the fifth stroke of FIG. 1 has a crankshaft (5), two high-pressure cylinders (1), (2), two low-pressure cylinders (3), (4), pistons (1.1), (2.1) , (3.1), (4.1), connecting rods (1.2), (2.2), (3.2), (4.2), exhaust valves (3.3), (4.3), inlet valves (1.4), (2.4), waste valves (1.5 ), (2.6), spark plugs (1.3), (2.3), inlet ports (1.7), (2.5), outlet ports (3.4), (4.4), bypass ports (1.6), (2.7), connecting port (3.5 ).

Low pressure cylinders (3), (4) fig. 1 are located between the high pressure cylinders (1), (2) and are connected to the high pressure cylinders (1), (2) through the bypass channels (1.6), (2.7). All these cylinders (1), (2), (3), (4) have identical pistons (1.1), (2.1), (3.1), (4.1) connected by connecting rods (1.2), (2.2), (3.2 ), (4.2) with the crankshaft (5) of the engine. High pressure cylinders (1), (2) contain lift inlet valves (1.4), (2.4), lift bypass valves (1.5), (2.6), spark plugs (1.3), (2.3), inlet ports (1.7), ( 2.5). Low pressure cylinders (3), (4) contain lift outlet valves (3.3), (4.3), outlet ports (3.4), (4.4).

The first low pressure cylinder (3) is connected to the second low pressure cylinder (4) by a connecting channel (3.5) of FIG. 1 located in the cylinder block and passing through the wall between the low pressure cylinders (3), (4). This design increases the expansion ratio of the exhaust gases, allowing the low pressure cylinders (3) and (4) to function as a single cylinder with doubled displacement.

The engine has a camshaft, the cams of which open the valves of the high-pressure (1), (2) and low-pressure (3), (4) cylinders, making one revolution in two crankshaft revolutions (5), as it happens in classic four-stroke engines internal combustion. The cams that open the valves of the low pressure cylinders have a double-sided profile. Due to this, a two-stroke cycle is carried out in the low-pressure cylinders (3), (4): expansion and release.

The working cycle of a standard gasoline four-stroke internal combustion engine consists of four strokes: intake, compression, power stroke, exhaust. During the intake stroke, the piston moves downward and the air / fuel mixture is sucked into the cylinder. This is followed by a compression stroke in which the piston moves upward and compresses the air / fuel mixture. The compression stroke culminates with pulsed ignition of the air / fuel mixture, which pushes the piston downward in the stroke. During the exhaust stroke, the piston moves up again to release the exhaust gas from the cylinder in preparation for the next intake stroke.

The working cycle of a gasoline five-stroke internal combustion engine consists of five strokes: the inlet of FIG. 1, the compression of FIG. 2, the working stroke of FIG. 3, expansion (expansion of exhaust gases) of FIG. 4, release of FIG. one.

High pressure cylinders (1), (2) of FIG. 1 operate according to the classic four-stroke cycle. In the low pressure cylinders (3), (4), the exhaust gases expand, which is called the fifth stroke. Thus, in the low-pressure cylinders (3), (4), only expansion and exhaust strokes are carried out.

Working phases of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of the fifth stroke.

Phase A of FIG. 1. Pistons (1.1), (2.1) in high pressure cylinders (1), (2) move from top dead center to bottom dead center, and pistons (3.1), (4.1) in low pressure cylinders (3), (4 ) move from bottom dead center to top dead center. In the first high-pressure cylinder (1) the air-fuel mixture is injected, and in the second high pressure cylinder (2) the working stroke. In the low pressure cylinders (3), (4) gases are released.

Phase B of FIG. 2. Pistons (1.1), (2.1) in high pressure cylinders (1), (2) move from bottom dead center to top dead center, and pistons (3.1), (4.1) in low pressure cylinders (3) and (4) ) move from top dead center to bottom dead center. In the first high-pressure cylinder (1), the air-fuel mixture is compressed, and in the second high-pressure cylinder (2) the exhaust gases are displaced into the second low-pressure cylinder (4). In the second (4) and first (3) low-pressure cylinders, the exhaust gases from the second high-pressure cylinder (2) are expanded.

Phase C of FIG. 3. Pistons (1.1), (2.1) in high pressure cylinders (1), (2) move from top dead center to bottom dead center. Pistons (3.1), (4.1) in low pressure cylinders (3), (4) move from bottom dead center to top dead center. In the first high-pressure cylinder (1), the working stroke is carried out, and in the second high-pressure cylinder (2) the air-fuel mixture is injected. In the low pressure cylinders (3), (4) gases are released.

Phase D of FIG. 4. Pistons (1.1), (2.1) in high pressure cylinders (1), (2) move from bottom dead center to top dead center. Pistons (3.1), (4.1) in low pressure cylinders (3), (4) move from top dead center to bottom dead center. In the first high-pressure cylinder (1) exhaust gases are released into the first low-pressure cylinder (3), and in the second high-pressure cylinder (2) the air-fuel mixture is compressed. In the first (3) and second (4) low-pressure cylinders, the process of expansion of exhaust gases from the first high-pressure cylinder (1) is carried out.

Thus, the working cycle of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of the fifth stroke is carried out in two revolutions of the crankshaft and consists of two groups of processes. The first group includes the processes of intake and working stroke in the first (1) or second (2) high-pressure cylinders and the exhaust of gases from the low-pressure cylinders (3), (4) of FIG. 1. The second group includes the processes of compression and displacement of exhaust gases in the first (1) or second (2) high pressure cylinders and additional expansion of exhaust gases in the low pressure cylinders (3), (4) of FIG. 2.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of the engine due to the displacement of the zone of small values of the specific fuel consumption in the region of low loads and crankshaft speeds, increasing the efficiency of energy utilization of the engine exhaust gases and the indicated efficiency by increasing the degree of expansion of the exhaust gases due to the operation of low-pressure cylinders cylinder with double displacement, creating a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of the fifth stroke based on the four-cylinder four-stroke engine of the production model with minor modifications.

Brief Description of Drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of a fifth stroke in phase A. Longitudinal section;

in fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of a fifth stroke in phase B. Longitudinal section;

in fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of a fifth stroke in phase C. Longitudinal section;

in fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with the addition of a fifth stroke in phase D. Longitudinal section.

Brief description of structural elements:

1 - the first cylinder of high pressure;

1.1 - piston;

1.2 - connecting rod;

1.3 - spark plug;

1.4 - inlet valve;

1.5 - bypass valve;

1.6 - bypass channel;

1.7 - inlet channel;

2 - the second high pressure cylinder;

2.1- piston;

2.2 - connecting rod;

2.3 - spark plug;

2.4 - inlet valve;

2.5 - inlet channel;

2.6 - bypass valve;

2.7 - bypass channel;

3 - the first cylinder of low pressure;

3.1 - piston;

3.2 - connecting rod;

3.3 - exhaust valve;

3.4 - outlet channel;

3.5 - connecting channel;

4 - the second cylinder of low pressure;

4.1 - piston;

4.2 - connecting rod;

4.3 - exhaust valve;

4.4 - outlet channel;

5 - crankshaft.

Implementation of the declared decision:

The stated solution works as follows.

Phase A (Fig. 1). The inlet (2.4) and bypass (2.6) valves are closed. In the second high-pressure cylinder (2), the combustion of the air-fuel mixture takes place. The piston (2.1) moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. The inlet valve (1.4) is open and the air-fuel mixture is injected into the cylinder (1) through the inlet port (1.7). The piston (1.1) of the first high pressure cylinder (1) moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. The overflow valves (1.5) and (2.6) are closed. The piston (4.1) in the second low pressure cylinder moves from bottom dead center to top dead center. Exhaust valves (3.3), (4.3) are open and exhaust gases are discharged through the exhaust ports (3.4) and (4.4).

Phase B (Fig. 2). Inlet valves (1.4), (2.4) and outlet valves (3.3), (4.3) are closed. Pistons (2.1) and (1.1) in high pressure cylinders (2) and (1) move from bottom dead center to top dead center. The wastegate (2.6) is open and exhaust gases are released through the wastegate (2.7) into the second low pressure cylinder (4) and through the connecting channel (3.5) into the first low pressure cylinder (3). Pistons (3.1) and (4.1) move from top dead center to bottom dead center. The low pressure cylinders (3) and (4) are in the process of continuing the expansion cycle.

Phase C (Fig. 3). The inlet valve (1.4) and the bypass valve (1.5) are closed. In the first high-pressure cylinder (1), the combustion of the air-fuel mixture takes place. The piston (1.1) moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. The inlet valve (2.4) is open and the air-fuel mixture is injected into the cylinder (2) through the inlet channel (2.5). The piston (2.1) moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. The pistons (3.1) and (4.1) of the LP cylinders move from bottom dead center to top dead center. The exhaust valves (3.3) and (4.3) are open and the exhaust ports (3.4) and (4.4) are vented.

Phase D (Fig. 4). Inlet valves (1.4), (2.4) and outlet valves (3.3), (4.3) are closed. Pistons (1,1) and (2.1) in high pressure cylinders (1) and (2) move from bottom dead center to top dead center. The bypass valve (1.5) is open and exhaust gases are released through the bypass channel (1.6) into the first low pressure cylinder (3) and through the connecting channel (3.5) into the second low pressure cylinder (4). Pistons (3.1) and (4.1) move from top dead center to bottom dead center. The low pressure cylinders (3) and (4) are in the process of continuing the expansion cycle.

Claims (1)

Four-cylinder internal combustion engine with a fifth stroke addition, including a crankshaft, two high-pressure cylinders, two low-pressure cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, exhaust valves, intake valves, wastegate valves, spark plugs, intake ports, exhaust ports, waste passages, characterized by that the cylinder block has a connecting channel passing through the wall between the low pressure cylinders.

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