RU80507U1 - FOUR-STROKE ICE WITH CONTINUED EXTENSION OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to the field of engine building, namely, piston internal combustion engines (hereinafter - ICE) with continued expansion of the combustion products. ICE contains a block of four identical cylinders with "inlet" and "exhaust valves and pairwise synchronous, but antiphase movement of the pistons relative to the crankshaft, two of which, for example, the extreme ones are working, with a two-cycle offset between cycles, and two middle cylinders for continued expansion of the combustion products, alternately bypassed from the working cylinders in the “release” cycles, with a two-stroke cycle, where the first cycle is the expansion of the combustion products and their partial discharge into the atmosphere at the end of the cycle, and the second cycle is the preload the larger part of the expanded combustion products, which is ensured by the gas channel connecting the cavities of the expansion cylinders, the connection of their inlet valves by the gas line to the exhaust valve of the corresponding working cylinder, and the execution of exhaust valve cams to open the latter at the end of the “expansion” strokes to reset the part gases to the atmosphere, and their closure in the compression strokes. New significant features of the proposed design of the internal combustion engine with continued expansion are: - expansion minutes of the cylinder block in the form of two identical working synchronously working, but shifted in phase by 180 ° working cylinders; - connection of the expansion cylinders to each other with a gas pipe; - connecting the inlet valves of the expansion cylinders to the exhaust valves of the working cylinders with gas channels; - control of the inlet valves of the expansion cylinders according to the usual scheme of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine, but with the possibility of opening to discharge part of the gases into the atmosphere at the end of the expansion. The technical effect of the proposed internal combustion engine is the possibility of implementing a scheme with continued expansion on the basis of four-cycle internal combustion engines operating on gasoline and diesel fuels produced by the industry, while improving efficiency, fuel consumption and improving exhaust gas toxicity. The modernized design of the internal combustion engine will allow to obtain 10-15% fuel economy during operation, as well as reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases to the European level on the silencers that have been equipped with domestic VAZ cars for the past 10 years. Estimated cost of modernization (50-75 thousand rubles), will pay off in the first year of operation of the car. Currently, the author is working on optimizing the technical parameters of the design and manufacturing a prototype.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of engine building, namely, reciprocating internal combustion engines (hereinafter - ICE) with continued expansion of the combustion products.

Currently, the whole world in engine building is facing an increasingly acute problem of fuel economy, increasing the efficiency (ICE) of internal combustion engines, and reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases.

One of the directions that allows solving the above problems in engine building is ICE with the continued expansion of combustion products.

Known ICE (1) with continued expansion of the combustion products, having two expansion cylinders of different sizes, in the first of which is the intake and compression, and in the second - the working stroke (expansion) and release, and the control valve with a rotating combustion chamber.

The disadvantages of this engine are:

- a significant complication of the design, and, therefore, a significant increase in price compared with conventional;

- limitation of survivability due to the placement of the combustion chamber in a rotating spool;

- the impossibility of implementing this ICE scheme by modernizing the produced classic ICE.

Known ICE (2) with continued expansion of the combustion products, having two working and one expansion cylinder.

The disadvantages of this engine are:

- the complexity of the design, and, therefore, a significant increase in price compared with conventional;

- reduction in fuel economy and toxicity in connection with the organization of a full purge of the working cylinder with continued expansion;

- the impossibility of implementing this ICE scheme by modernizing the produced classic ICE.

Known ICE (3), with continued expansion of the combustion products, having two working and one expansion cylinder.

The disadvantages of this engine are:

- the complexity of the design, and, therefore, a significant increase in price compared with conventional;

- reduced efficiency of continued expansion in connection with the organization of a full purge of the working cylinder with continued expansion;

- the impossibility of implementing this ICE scheme by modernizing the produced classic ICE.

The above-mentioned ICE (3) was taken by the author as a prototype developed as the closest in technical essence and achieved technical effect.

The task that the author solved while developing this ICE was the possibility of implementing a scheme with continued expansion on the basis of four-stroke ICEs operating on gasoline and diesel fuels produced by the industry, while improving efficiency indicators, fuel consumption and improving exhaust gas toxicity.

This problem is solved in the proposed four-stroke ICE with continued expansion, containing a block of four identical cylinders with inlet and exhaust valves and pairwise synchronous but antiphase movement of the pistons relative to the crankshaft, two of which, for example, the extreme ones, are working, with an offset between two-cycle cycles, and two middle cylinders - for continued expansion of the combustion products, alternately bypassed from the working cylinders in the "release" cycles, with a two-stroke cycle, where the first cycle is the expansion of combustion products and their partial discharge into the atmosphere at the end of the cycle, and the second cycle is the compression of the remaining part of the expanded combustion products, which is ensured by the gas channel connecting the cavities of the expansion cylinders, the connection of their inlet valves with a gas main and the exhaust valve of the corresponding working cylinder, and the execution of cams drive exhaust valves, providing a metered opening of the latter at the end of the “expansion” strokes to discharge part of the gases into the atmosphere, and closing them in subsequent compression strokes.

New significant features of the proposed design of ICE with continued expansion are:

- implementation of the expansion part of the cylinder block in the form of two identical to the workers, synchronously working, but shifted in phase from the workers by 180 ° cylinders;

- connection of the expansion cylinders to each other with a gas pipe;

- connecting the inlet valves of the expansion cylinders to the exhaust valves of the working cylinders with gas channels;

- control of the inlet valves of the expansion cylinders according to the usual scheme of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine:

- control of exhaust valves with the possibility of metered opening at the end of the expansion to discharge part of the gases into the atmosphere.

According to the author, the above new features are known in the technology of engine building, but in combination with the others they form a combination that made it possible to achieve a new technical effect - the possibility of implementing a scheme with continued expansion on the basis of four-stroke ICEs operating on gasoline and diesel fuel produced by the industry, while improving indicators

in terms of efficiency, fuel consumption and improvement of toxicity indicators, therefore, it can be considered significant.

Figure 1-4 presents a diagram of the proposed internal combustion engine and its work on cycles, where:

Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed internal combustion engine and the position of the parts and its nodes at the beginning of the "release" cycle in 1 cylinder;

Figure 2 presents the position of the parts and components of the internal combustion engine at the beginning of the "intake" cycle in 1 cylinder;

Figure 3 presents the position of the parts and components of the internal combustion engine at the beginning of the cycle "compression" in 1 cylinder;

Figure 4 presents the position of the parts and components of the internal combustion engine at the beginning of the stroke "stroke" in 1 cylinder.

The proposed four-stroke internal combustion engine with continued expansion of the combustion products contains, as in a conventional internal combustion engine, four identical cylinders 1-4 with pistons 5-8 kinematically connected to the crankshaft 9.

ICE is made, with synchronous movement, for example, two middle 2, 3 and two extreme 1, 4 pistons with respect to the crankshaft 9.

The extreme cylinders 1, 4 are working cylinders that implement the classic four-cycle cycle, but are shifted by two tats, the middle cylinders 2, 3 are expansion cylinders for the continued expansion of the combustion products (hereinafter - gases) from the working cylinders 1, 4 and work in two strokes inlet-outlet.

In the cylinder head (conventionally the upper cylinder lines) of the proposed ICE, as well as in a conventional ICE, there are 8 valves, two valves for servicing each cylinder: 10, 11 - for 1 cylinder, 12-13 - for 2 cylinders, 14-15 for the third, 16-17 for 4 cylinders.

Moreover, the valves 10, 16 are the intake valves of the working cylinders 1, 4 for the fuel mixture, the valves 11, 17 are the bypass valves, for continued expansion of the gases in the middle cylinders 2, 3.

Valves 12, 14 - inlet valves of expansion cylinders 2, 3.

Valves 13, 15 - exhaust valves of expansion cylinders 2, 3.

To implement the above functions, the valves 10, 16 are connected to the highway 18 for supplying the fuel-air mixture (hereinafter FA).

Valves 11, 17 are connected bypass channels 19, 20 with valves 12, 14.

Valves 13, 15 are connected to the line 21 of the release of gases into the atmosphere.

In addition to the above, the combustion chambers 22, 23 of the expansion cylinders 2, 3 (in the working cylinders 1, 4-24, 25, respectively) are interconnected by a channel, which can be implemented in the form of a pipe 26 connecting, for example, threaded holes 27, 28 under the spark plugs in the cylinder head (not shown in the diagram).

The work of the proposed four-cylinder internal combustion engine with continued expansion of the gases is as follows.

Let, for example, (figure 1, 2) in the working cylinder 1 there is a cycle of "release" of gases. The piston 5 moves from the bottom dead center (hereinafter - BDC) to the top dead center (hereinafter - TDC).

(Transfer of gases from 1 working cylinder to expansion cylinders 2, 3 for repeated expansion, expansion of bypassed gases and subsequent discharge of part of the expanded gases into the atmosphere).

At the beginning of the cycle, the valves 10, 13, 15 are closed, the valve 11 is open and the gases through it and the bypass channel 19 open valve 12 first enter the cylinder 2, and then through the pipe 26 - into the cylinder 3, in which a portion of the compressed gas from previous cycle.

Under the pressure of the gases during expansion, the pistons 6 and 7 begin to move down.

At the same time, the cylinder “compression” of the fuel assembly is produced in cylinder 4. Valves 16, 17 are closed.

At the end of this stroke, valve 15 opens (in the 3 cylinder of a conventional ICE, the “release” cycle), and part of the expanded gases from cylinders 1, 2, 3 are released into the atmosphere under their own pressure. Then valve 15 closes

The "inlet" cycle in the working cylinder 1 (piston 5 movement from TDC to BDC). Figure 2, 3.

(Combustion of fuel assemblies in 4 working cylinders, compression of the remaining part of gases in expansion cylinders 2, 3).

At the beginning of the cycle, the inlet valve 10 opens, and the valves 11, 12, 13, 15 are closed, the fuel assemblies are inlet into the working cylinder 1 and the remaining gases are compressed in the cylinders 2, 3. At this time, the working stroke begins in the cylinder 4. Valves 16, 17 are closed.

At the end of the clock, valves 14, 17 open.

The “compression” stroke in the working cylinder 1 (Piston 5 movement from BDC to TDC). Figure 3-4.

(Transfer of gas from the working cylinder 4 to the expansion cylinders 2, 3. expansion of the bypassed gases and the subsequent discharge of part of the expanded gases into the atmosphere).

At the beginning of the stroke, the valves 14, 17 are open and the gases from the cylinder 4 through the open valve 17, the bypass channel 20 and the open valve 14 fill first the cavity of the cylinder 3, and then through the pipe 26 and the cavity of the cylinder 2, in which a portion of the compressed gas from previous cycle.

In this case, the pressure of the expanding gases acts on the pistons 6 and 7 and they move downward, transmitting this force to the crankshaft 9.

At the end of this cycle in the 1 cylinder, the compressed fuel assembly is ready for ignition, valves 10, 11 are closed.

Also, at the end of this cycle, valve 13 opens (in the 2 cylinder of a conventional ICE, the “release” cycle), and part of the expanded gases from cylinders 1, 2, 3 are released into the atmosphere under their own pressure. Then the valve 13 closes.

The “stroke” stroke in cylinder 1 (piston movement 5 from TDC to BDC)). Figure 4, 1.

(combustion of fuel assemblies in 1 working cylinder 1, compression of the remaining part of the expanded gases in 2, 3 cylinders).

At the beginning of the cycle, the valves 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17 are closed.

The fuel assemblies are ignited in the working cylinder 1. Through the open valve 16, the fuel assemblies from line 18 enter cylinder 4 (cylinder “intake”).

Gases from a burning fuel assembly in 1 cylinder act on the piston 5 and the latter transfers force to the crankshaft 9.

At the end of the clock, valves 11, 12 open.

Next, the cycle repeats.

The proposed design of a four-stroke internal combustion engine with continued extensions can be implemented by motorists by purchasing a kit in the car shop that includes a new modernized gas distribution shaft and gas fittings,

The modernized design of the internal combustion engine will allow to obtain 10-15% fuel economy during operation, as well as reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases to the European level on the silencers that have been equipped with domestic VAZ cars for the past 10 years.

Estimated cost of modernization (50-75 thousand rubles), will pay off in the first year of operation of the car.

Currently, the author is working on optimizing the technical parameters of the design and manufacturing a prototype.

Literature.

1. A.S. USSR No. 828780 dated 03/05/1979 IPC: F02B, 41/02; F02B, 75/00. ICE.

2. A.S. USSR No. 1470987 dated 05/26/1986 IPC: F02B, 41/06. The way the internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine work.

3. RF patent No. 2169276 dated November 2, 1998. IPC: F02B, 41/06. ICE. (prototype).

Claims (1)

A four-stroke internal combustion engine with continued expansion of the combustion products, containing a cylinder block, two of which are working, with a normal cycle, with synchronous movement of the pistons, but 360 ° offset in phase with respect to each other, and the rest are expansion ones, for sequential expansion of the combustion products bypassed from the working cylinders in cycles of "release", the system for ensuring the work of working and expansion cylinders, characterized in that the expansion part of the cylinder block is made in the form of two identical working m, synchronously working, but displaced in phase from 180 ° working cylinders, interconnected by a gas pipe, the inlet valves of which are controlled by the usual four-cylinder internal combustion engine circuit, are connected by gas channels to the corresponding exhaust valves of the working cylinders, and the exhaust valves are made with a control mechanism the possibility of opening to discharge part of the gases into the atmosphere at the end of the expansion.