JPS59113239A - Double expansion type internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine and to prevent thermal pollution by the exhaust gas, by communicating exhaust ports of two four-cycle type combustion cylinders having respectively a valve with the top of an expansion cylinder, and thereby introducing exhaust gas discharged from the combustion cylinders into the expansion cylinders. CONSTITUTION:Two four-cycle type combustion cylinders 1, 2 operated with the phase difference of 360 deg. to each other and one two-cycle type expansion cylinder 3 operated with a prescribed phase difference to the combustion cylinders 1, 2 are mounted on a common crank shaft 4. Further, exhaust ports 7, 10 of the combustion cylinders 1, 2 having respectively a valve are communicated with the top of the expansion cylinders 3 so that high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from the combustion cylinders is introduced alternately into the expansion cylinder 3 and re-expansion of the exhaust gas is caused in the expansion cylinder 3. By employing such an arrangement, it is enabled to raise the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine and to prevent environmental heat pollution by the exhaust gas.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a two-stage expansion internal combustion engine, and more particularly to a two-stage expansion internal combustion engine.
This invention relates to a new two-stage expansion internal combustion engine devised to efficiently extract power from exhaust gas by combining seven four-stroke combustion cylinders and one two-stroke expansion cylinder.

In general, the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion cylinder of a four-cycle internal combustion engine are sufficiently high and have a large amount of energy, but in conventional internal combustion engines, this energy is wasted and released into the atmosphere. However, there have been almost no attempts to extract this directly as power for an internal combustion engine.

However, in recent years, the development of internal combustion engines using ceramics has been active, and as this has enabled combustion at a higher temperature than before, the exhaust gas will inevitably become high temperature and high pressure, and the energy contained in the exhaust gas will continue to increase. There is a tendency.

Against this background, the present inventor combined a 4-cycle combustion cylinder with a 4-cycle expansion cylinder, and by re-expanding the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion cylinder inside the expansion cylinder, the exhaust gas that had previously been wasted was released. He invented a two-stage expansion internal combustion engine that could extract the energy from the exhaust gas used to generate engine power. It was confirmed that this internal combustion engine has a sufficient energy saving effect compared to conventional engines, but
Since exhaust gas was sent only once during the two revolutions of the expansion cylinder, there was a problem that there was still waste in the operation of the expansion cylinder.

The present invention has been made to further solve these drawbacks, and includes two four-cycle combustion cylinders 1 that operate on a common crankshaft 4 while maintaining a phase difference of 360 degrees from each other.
.
0 are connected to the upper ends of the expansion cylinders 3, and the high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gases discharged from the combustion cylinders 1 and 2 are alternately guided to the expansion cylinders 3 and re-expanded therein. .

The following is an example 3- in which the present invention is applied to a gasoline engine. This will be explained in more detail below.

The drawings are explanatory diagrams schematically showing the operating steps of the internal combustion engine of the present invention. In the figure, 1 and 2 are four-cycle combustion cylinders, and 3 is a two-stroke expansion cylinder with a larger cylinder diameter. Combustion cylinder 1 and combustion cylinder 2 are mounted on a common crankshaft 4 so as to operate with a phase difference of 360 degrees, and expansion cylinder 3 is rotated approximately 190 degrees with respect to these combustion cylinders 1.2. It is mounted on the crankshaft 4 so as to operate while maintaining an advanced phase difference. Although the crankshaft 4 is shown divided in the drawings, it is actually preferable to arrange all cylinders on a single crankshaft. The combustion cylinder 1 has an intake valve 5 that takes in the air-fuel mixture and an exhaust control valve 6 at its upper end.
and an exhaust port 7 connected to this control valve 6.
is connected to the upper end of the expansion cylinder 3. Similarly, the combustion cylinder 2 is also provided with an intake valve 8 and an exhaust control valve 9 at its upper end, and the exhaust port NO connected to these is located above the expansion cylinder 3.
It is connected to one end. An exhaust valve 11 is located at the upper end of the expansion cylinder 3.
An exhaust port 12 is provided at the lower center of the expansion cylinder 3.

The combustion cylinder l of the internal combustion engine configured in this way is the general 4
Similar to a cycle type internal combustion engine, the four steps of expansion, exhaust, intake, and compression are repeated as shown in Figures 1 to 4, and the combustion cylinder 2 also maintains a 360 degree phase difference to perform intake, compression, expansion, The 4 steps of evacuation are repeated, but about 19
The expansion cylinder 3, which is arranged on a common crankshaft 4 with a phase difference of 0 degrees, performs exhaust, expansion, and
The two steps of exhaustion and expansion are repeated.

During the expansion process of the combustion cylinder 1, the exhaust control valve 6 is closed as shown in FIG. 1, and the combustion gas pushes down the piston 13 of the combustion cylinder 1 to perform work to the outside. When the combustion cylinder 1 moves to the exhaust stroke as shown in FIG. 2, the exhaust control valve 6 opens as shown in FIG. 2 to guide high temperature and high pressure exhaust gas through the exhaust port 7 to the upper end of the expansion cylinder 3. When the exhaust stroke of the combustion cylinder 1 begins, the piston 14 of the expansion cylinder 3, which has a phase difference of approximately 190 degrees, is at a position slightly past the top dead center, and the exhaust gas led to the expansion cylinder 3 is transferred to the expansion cylinder 3. The engine re-expands inside, pushes down the piston 14, rotates the crankshaft 4, and performs work to the outside, and the energy of the exhaust gas in the combustion cylinder 1 is effectively extracted as motive power. Note that when the piston 14 of the expansion cylinder 3 descends to a certain distance, the exhaust port 12 opens, so the re-expanded exhaust gas is discharged to the outside, and the internal pressure of the expansion cylinder 3 rapidly decreases, making it easy to exhaust in the next process. become.

Next, when the combustion cylinder 1 enters the intake stroke, the intake valve 5 opens and the exhaust control valve 6 closes, as shown in FIG. At this time, the exhaust valve 11 of the expansion cylinder 3 opens, so that the low-temperature exhaust gas remaining inside the expansion cylinder 3 is pushed out by the rise of the piston 14 and discharged to the outside. In this state shown in FIG. 3, the combustion cylinder 2 is in an expansion process.

Thereafter, when the combustion cylinder 1 enters the compression stage shown in FIG. . At this time, the piston 14 of the expansion cylinder 3 is at a position slightly past the top dead center, and the exhaust gas pushes down the piston 14 and drives the crankshaft 4, and the energy of the exhaust gas of the combustion cylinder 2 is used to drive the engine. It will be effectively extracted as Thereafter, the piston 14 of the expansion cylinder 3 moves upward while discharging the re-expanded exhaust gas to the outside as shown in FIG. 1, and the same process is repeated thereafter.

Although the above description has been made regarding an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a gasoline engine, it goes without saying that the present invention can also be applied to a diesel engine. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the phase difference between the combustion cylinders 1 and 2 and the expansion cylinder 3 is approximately 190
Although the angle is set at 100 degrees, this angle can be changed appropriately, and the introduction of exhaust gas may be started when the piston 14 of the expansion cylinder 3 is located slightly before the top dead center.

As explained above, the internal combustion engine of the present invention is
The valved exhaust ports of two 4-cycle combustion cylinders that operate with a 0 degree phase difference are communicated with the upper ends of a 2-cycle expansion cylinder that operates with a predetermined phase difference with respect to these combustion cylinders. The high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from each combustion cylinder is alternately re-expanded inside the expansion cylinder, so the energy of the exhaust gas, which was previously wasted into the atmosphere, can now be used to power the engine. Of course, the expansion cylinder now produces an output every revolution, and there is no waste in its operation. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine has improved and the fuel consumption required to obtain the same output has been reduced, resulting in a significant energy saving effect, as well as compared to the internal combustion engine of the earlier invention. As a result, the power/weight ratio has increased, and its practicality has become even greater.

Furthermore, since the temperature of exhaust gas in the internal combustion engine of the present invention is significantly lower than in conventional engines, there is also the advantage that thermal pollution of the environment due to high-temperature exhaust gas can be prevented.

As described in detail above, the present invention satisfactorily solves the shortcomings of the prior art, and can greatly contribute to society by meeting the demands of the times such as energy saving and environmental purification.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 4 are operation process diagrams of the internal combustion engine of the present invention. ■... Combustion cylinder 2... Combustion cylinder 3... Expansion cylinder 4... Crankshaft 6... Exhaust control valve 7... ...Exhaust port 9...Exhaust control valve lO...Exhaust port patent applicant Fresh water vehicle 8- $28 -244-

Claims (1)

[Claims] ■ Two four-cycle combustion cylinders 1 and 2 that operate on a common crankshaft 4 while maintaining a 360 degree phase difference from each other,
One two-cycle expansion cylinder 3 that operates while maintaining a predetermined phase difference is attached to these combustion cylinders, and the valve material exhaust port 7.10 of each combustion cylinder 1, 2 is connected to the upper end of the expansion cylinder 3. Each combustion cylinder 1.2
The high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from the expansion cylinder 3 is alternately
A two-stage expansion internal combustion engine characterized by being guided into the engine and re-expanded within the engine.