RU2465520C2 - Combustion chamber of high-temperature burning for domestic stoves and kitchen cookers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: combustion chamber of high-temperature burning for domestic stoves and kitchen cookers comprises a device installed inside the combustion chamber between walls, above a fire grate, below a cast iron plate, to form a space under the cast iron plate and the combustion chamber, comprising vertical channels for coal designed to move coal vertically down into the combustion chamber, and also to release gases and soot upwards in the space under the cast iron plate, horizontal channels for smoke gases designed for heating of coal in vertical channels for coal, vertical channels for released gases and soot designed for passage of released gases and soot vertically down, from the space under the cast iron plate into an ashpit.

EFFECT: provides for high-temperature and full burning of coal, reduced content of non-burnt particles of coal in smoke gases, higher efficiency and reduction of coal consumption.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the combustion chambers of domestic (heating and heating-cooking) stoves and stoves, can be used in the combustion chambers of autonomous hot water boilers, in which coal is used as fuel.

Known furnace chambers of domestic stoves and stoves (with hot boxes, with ovens, connected to heating panels, heat exchangers) [1; 2; 3; four].

Household stoves and stoves come in different sizes in length; width (depending on the cast iron plate used); height and weight.

The combustion chambers in domestic stoves and stoves are arranged identically. A combustion chamber is a space where optimal conditions for burning fuel are created, enclosed between the walls, below is a hearth with a grate, and above is a ceiling (cast iron stove), a door is installed in the front and an opening (hail) for smoke exit gases from the combustion chamber. Moreover, the walls can be made of bricks or can consist of water boxes and an oven.

Of the known combustion chambers, the closest in technical essence is the combustion chamber of a cooker (Figs. 1 and 2).

In the space of the combustion chamber of domestic stoves and stoves, low-temperature combustion and incomplete combustion of coal occurs, i.e. when coal is burning, a boundary layer arises between the burning part of coal and the still not burning part of coal, in which the coal is separated into a volatile part and a solid residue (semi-coke or coke). The volatile part consists of carbon and hydrogen. At a temperature of 300-350 ° C, hydrogen ignites and begins to burn, but carbon does not yet burn, since it ignites only at 700 ° C. Therefore, part of the coal, without burning and not generating heat, leaves the combustion chamber together with flue gases in the form of thick black smoke, which carries the smallest unburned coal particles, reducing efficiency, increasing coal consumption, settling in the heating panel (heat exchanger), worsening ecology.

During combustion, with a decrease in the volatile part of coal, the output from the black smoke pipe decreases, and when a solid residue (semi-coke and coke) remains from coal, i.e. smokeless fuel, then the exit from the black smoke pipe ceases, i.e. there is a process of high temperature and complete combustion of smokeless fuel (semi-coke and coke).

When coal is burned in the combustion chamber, the optimum amount of coal is added to it and the process of incomplete combustion of coal is repeated.

The objective of the invention is to create a combustion chamber in which there is a high-temperature and complete combustion of coal.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the combustion chamber, enclosed between the walls: below - the hearth with a grate, and above - a cast-iron stove, front - the door of the combustion chamber, and in the back - an aperture, further comprises a device installed between the walls, below the slabs above the grate.

The difference between the proposed combustion chamber from the known one is that inside the furnace chamber is additionally installed (Fig. 3) a device (1), which has:

- vertical channels for coal (10), designed to move coal vertically down into the combustion chamber.

- horizontal channels for flue gases (13), designed to heat coal in vertical channels for coal (10).

- in the front part there are vertical channels for the emitted gases and soot (14), designed to pass the emitted gases and soot vertically down from the space under the cast-iron stove (8) into the blower (15).

The technical result from the use of the invention is that in the combustion chamber there is a high-temperature and complete combustion of coal, i.e. flue gases leave the combustion chamber without the smallest unburned coal particles, the heating shield (heat exchanger) does not clog, gases and soot are not emitted into the environment, the efficiency increases and the coal consumption decreases.

When the vertical channels for coal (10) are filled with coal and during the passage of flue gases through the horizontal channels for flue gases (13), the coal inside the vertical channels for coal (10) is heated, gases, soot are released and plastic and viscous mass remain.

The released gases and soot accumulate in the space (8) under the cast-iron stove and, due to the draft along the vertical channels for emitted gases and soot (14), enter the blower (15) and then enter the combustion chamber through the grate (4) and react the combustion process, additional heat is released and the released gases and soot are burned.

The remaining plastic and viscous mass hardens with continued heating; a sintered solid residue is formed - semi-coke or coke (smokeless fuel).

When the fuel burns out (coal, semi-coke or coke) in the combustion chamber from top to bottom, under its own weight, fuel from the vertical coal channels enters the combustion chamber, forcing ash under the grate, and enters the combustion process.

Thus, it is not coal, but semi-coke or coke that enters the combustion chamber (9), and not only air, but released gases and soot enter from the blower (15) through the grate (4). And the process of high-temperature combustion of semicoke or coke, as well as the emitted gases and soot in the combustion chamber, begins. The process of high temperature and complete combustion of coal.

Figure 3 shows the device (1) installed inside the space of the combustion chamber between the walls (2) and between the cast-iron plate (3) and the grate (4). A door (5) of the combustion chamber is installed in the front part, and in the rear part of the device there is an upper opening (6) and a lower opening (7) for the exit of flue gases. The device is installed so that under the cast-iron plate there is a space (8), and below it under the device, i.e. above the grate, there remains a space (9) for the combustion chamber.

The design of the device contains:

- vertical channels for coal (10) are designed to move coal vertically down into the combustion chamber and for the supply of coal, and have vertical stiffeners in the inner side and horizontal stiffeners in the outer side;

- horizontal channels for flue gases (13) are intended for heating coal in vertical channels for coal (10);

- in the front part there are vertical channels for the emitted gases and soot (14), designed to pass the emitted gases and soot vertically down from the space under the cast-iron stove (8) into the blower (15).

Moreover, the vertical channels for coal (10) and the vertical channels for released gases and soot (14), as well as the space under the cast-iron stove (8) are hermetically closed from the horizontal channels for flue gases (13).

To melt the furnace, through the door of the combustion chamber (5), small firewood or other kindling, on which large coals are placed, is placed on the grate (4) and the firewood is lit. When they flare up, they load coal from above, opening the rings (16) of the cast-iron plate, and the coal enters the combustion chamber (9) through the vertical channels (10) for coal. Coal is loaded until the vertical channels for coal are filled with coal, and the blower door (17) is ajar.

Flue gases from the combustion chamber partially exit the lower opening (7), and part of the flue gases passes sequentially through the horizontal channels for flue gases (13), washing the vertical channels for coal (10) and heating the coal in the vertical channels for coal, and leaves through upper opening (6). For some time, the process of incomplete combustion of coal occurs. Black smoke comes out of the chimney.

After some time, when coal is heated, inside the vertical channels for coal (10), gases and soot begin to be released from coal and accumulate in the space under the cast-iron stove (8). The emitted gases and soot through vertical channels for the evolved gases and soot (14), due to draft, enter the blower (15) and through the grate (4) into the combustion chamber (9). The released gases and soot enter into the reaction of the combustion process, additional heat is released. The output of the black smoke pipe is reduced.

When the combustion process continues in the combustion chamber (9) and the coal is heated in the vertical channels for coal (10), the coal, gradually moving down into the combustion chamber (9), gradually decomposes, releases gases, soot and, turning into a plastic and viscous mass, gradually hardens, a sintered solid residue is formed - semi-coke and coke (smokeless fuel).

When from the vertical channels for coal (10) into the combustion chamber (9) not coal begins to flow, but semicoke and coke, and from the blower (15) into the combustion chamber not only air, but the released gases, soot and air, the process of high temperature combustion begins , i.e. the process of complete combustion of coal in the combustion chamber. There is a burning in the combustion chamber of gases and soot coming from the blower together with air, i.e. The process of burning coal with virtually no harmful emissions and soot.

Thus, the use of the device allows household stoves and stoves to be heated with coal, but coke or semi-coke will burn in the combustion chamber, as well as the combustion of released gases and soot. In this case, high-temperature and complete combustion of coal occurs, flue gases exit without gases and soot, almost transparent; increased heat transfer and efficiency, as well as efficiency.

Information sources

1. Sosnin Yu.P., Bukharin E.N. Heating and hot water supply of an individual house. Reference manual. M .: Stroyizdat. 1993 - 384 p.

2. Stoves and fireplaces / ed. A.M. Gorbov. - M .: ACT; Donetsk: Stalker, 2007 .-- 234, / 6 / s .: ill. - (I'm building a house).

3. Timpani V.V. We build a stove, fireplace, bath / V.V. Litavr. - 3rd ed. - Mn .: We are lying. school, 2007 .-- 271 p.: ill.

4. Stoves and fireplaces / compiled Lin V.V. - M .: Adelant LLC, 2007. - 192 p.

Claims (1)

A combustion chamber for high-temperature combustion for domestic stoves and stoves, characterized in that it further comprises a device installed inside the combustion chamber between the walls, above the grate, below the cast iron stove, with the formation of a space under the cast iron stove and the combustion chamber, consisting of vertical channels for coal, designed to move coal vertically down into the combustion chamber, as well as to remove gases and soot up into the space under the cast-iron stove, horizontal channels for flue gases, s for heating coal coal in vertical channels, vertical channels allocated for gases and carbon black, intended for the passage of gases and soot emissions vertically downwards from the space under the iron plate in the ash pit.

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