EA034106B1 - Furnace chamber for coal burning re-directing unburned gases back to the furnace via a separate path - Google Patents

Abstract

The combustion chamber with vertical coal burning ensures directing unburned gases and soot by a bypass separate from flue gases back to the furnace. The combustion chamber is formed between the brick walls and the brick ceiling, and has two doors. Inside the furnace there is a pipe of conical shape and with brick lining, suspended to the upper frame. Flue gases retain a high temperature in the furnace, because the metal surfaces are insulated with brick ceilings and lining. The space above the pipe inside the furnace, formed outside the furnace, on the front of the upper frame, above the brick ceiling of the furnace, is located above the rectangular pipe inside the cone-shaped furnace with brick lining with installation of a ceiling with a hatch, and is connected by pipes for unburned gases and soot to the ash pan. When burning coal in the furnace, vertically burning layers are formed around the perimeter on its outer side under the pipe inside the cone-shaped and brick lined furnace. Vertically burning layers separate unburned gases and soot from flue gases, and direct them by a separate path from flue gases. When closing the ash pan door, the underpressure in the ash pan increases, the draft in the pipes for unburned gases and soot increases, and unburned gases and soot are drawn from the space above the pipe inside furnace into the ash pan, then into the furnace for subsequent combustion with semi-coke and coke. The two doors allow using the poker to clean the grates of ash around vertically burning coals.

Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial and municipal heating systems, as well as to the combustion chambers of domestic stoves that are connected to heating panels or heat exchangers, namely to the combustion chambers in which coal is burned.

Known furnaces for domestic stoves and stoves / 1, 2, 3 / for heating a house and cooking food, as well as furnaces for hot water boilers / 4, 5, 6 / designed for heating water in a building heating system.

In the furnaces of household stoves and stoves / 1, 2, 3 / low-temperature combustion and incomplete combustion of coal occurs. At each loading of coal into the furnace, unburned gases and soot are released from the exhaust pipe until all the coal turns into semi-coke or coke (smokeless fuel).

In the furnaces of hot water boilers / 4, 5, 6 / due to the high thermal conductivity of the metal and the high heat capacity of the water, in principle, it is impossible to achieve high-temperature combustion and complete combustion of coal, i.e. Partially unburned gases and soot leave the chimney. In the furnace, due to the metal case with water cooling jackets connected to the heating system, the temperature of the flue gases sharply decreases and the temperature inside the furnace becomes insufficiently high for complete combustion of unburned gases and soot.

In the boiler / 4 / the device installed inside the furnace is short-lived. When flue gases pass through vertical and horizontal channels for flue gases under the influence of high temperatures of flue gases, warping, peeling and deterioration of a metal device (channels for: coal, flue gases, unburned gases and soot, and also partitions) occurs without water cooling. In addition, in the vertical channels for coal, coal adheres to the steel walls and does not sink into the furnace, and also sinter in the vertical channels.

In a boiler / 5 / in a device consisting of bent pipes, in the through spaces between the bent pipes, the temperature is lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of coal, and coal in the device cannot burn from the outside. From the upper parts, unburned gases and soot fall into the furnace and then into the exhaust pipe, and coal is periodically poured into the furnace. When coal is poured into the furnace, the emission of unburned gases and soot from the exhaust pipe increases until the coal burns to the state of semicoke and coke. The device does not form vertical viscous plastics and vertically burning layers, there is no thermal decomposition and burning of coal, and separation and direction of unburned gases and soot are not ensured in a separate way from the flue gases.

In the boiler / 6 / inside the furnace, closer to the metal parts of the vertical coal channel with water cooling jackets, the temperature drops below the combustion temperature of unburned gases and soot.

Of the known hot water boilers, the closest in technical essence is a hot water boiler / 6 /. The boiler consists of double steel walls of the water-cooled casing, grates and an ash pan. Inside the casing there is a vertical channel for coal, also consisting of double steel walls with water cooling, connected from below and from above to the cooling system of the side walls of the casing. Inside the furnace there is a steel partition at the level of the upper part of the vertical coal channel, dividing the furnace into two parts, and a space is formed and connected by pipes to return unburned gases and soot to the ash pan.

The reasons that impede the receipt of a technical result is the following:

1) The boiler body and the vertical channel for coal consist of steel double walls and water-cooled. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the metal and the high heat capacity of the water, the temperature in the furnace and the temperature of the flue gases decrease below the combustion temperature of unburned gases and soot, unburned gases and soot do not burn out in the furnace and in the flue gas channels and together with the flue gases exit the exhaust pipe to the atmosphere.

2). One firebox door in front of vertically burning layers makes it difficult to access the furnace when cleaning grate from ash around vertically burning layers without destroying vertically burning layers.

3). When coal is burned in the furnace, a vacuum is created in the ash pan, in the pipes for the return of unburned gases and soot, in the space for collecting unburned gases and soot, and unburned gases and soot are partially drawn from the space for accumulating unburned gases and soot into the ash pan further into the furnace.

The objective of the invention is to create a furnace with vertical combustion of coal, providing separation of unburned gases from the flue gases, and the direction of unburned gases along a separate path from the flue gases, as well as the return of unburned gases back to the furnace for subsequent combustion with semi-coke and coke.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the boiler with a steel casing with a water jacket inside the firebox between the walls below the steel ceiling and above the grate, there is a vertical channel for coal, with a water jacket.

The vertical channel for coal is connected from below and from above to the cooling system of the side walls of the casing. A single door firebox is formed between the walls below the vertical coal channel and above the grates.

When coal is burned in the furnace, a vacuum is created in the ash pan, in the channels for the return of unburned gases and soot, in the space for the accumulation of unburned gases and soot and partially tighten the unburned

- 1 034106 gases from the space for the accumulation of unburned gases into the ash pan and further into the furnace.

The difference between the proposed combustion chamber from the well-known.

The combustion chamber consists of a pipe frame consisting of a lower and upper frame connected by a pipe to each other, and forms a circuit of the cooling chamber of the combustion chamber.

Grids are installed on the lower frame and firebox doors are installed in the front part, and bricks are laid along the perimeter to the upper frame and the brick walls of the combustion chamber are formed.

An adapter for an exhaust pipe is installed on the upper frame, and the openings in the upper frame are closed with brick ceilings.

Inside the firebox there is a rectangular pipe inside the cone-shaped firebox with brick lining, connected to the frame of the upper frame by pipes of the cooling system located around the frame perimeter at a certain distance from each other, and the openings between the pipes of the cooling system are closed by welded steel sheets.

The pipe inside the cone-shaped firebox and with brick lining during coal burning in the firebox forms vertically burning layers and layers of viscous plastic mass, in the internal parts of which thermal decomposition of coal occurs with the release of unburned gases and with transformation into a viscous plastic mass that supports the outer burning layers in a vertical position, and in the outer parts there is a transformation of a viscous plastic mass into semicoke and coke and their combustion.

Vertically burning layers, and layers of viscous plastic mass, separate unburned gases from the flue gases and direct unburned gases along a separate path from the flue gases, and the resulting draft from the temperature difference draws unburned gases upward into the space above the pipe inside the furnace.

The space above the pipe inside the furnace, formed on the front of the upper frame above the brick floor of the furnace, is located above the rectangular pipe inside the cone-shaped fireplace with brick lining by installing a ceiling with a hatch and is connected to the ash pan by pipes for unburned gases and soot.

Due to closing the ash pan door while burning coal in the furnace, unburned gases are returned to the furnace.

The technical results that are obtained from the use of the invention is that:

1. The flue gases in the furnace are isolated from metal parts with a water cooling system with brick walls, brick ceilings and brick lining.

2. The pipe inside the furnace is not subjected to warping, peeling and wear.

3. In the furnace there is no rapid decrease in the temperature of the flue gases.

4. Under the pipe inside the firebox with a brick lining filled with coal, vertically burning layers and layers of viscous plastic mass are formed on the outside from the outside along the perimeter from the furnace.

5. In the outer parts of the vertically burning layers of semicoke and coke, unburned gases and soot are separated from the flue gases, and in the inner parts, unburned gases and soot move up into the space above the pipe inside the furnace.

6. Two firebox doors allow, without destroying vertically burning layers, using a poker to clean the grates of ash around vertically burning layers.

7. There is a return of unburnt gases back to the furnace for subsequent combustion with semi-coke and coke.

Distinctive features provide a technical result due to the fact that:

1. The combustion chamber consists of a pipe frame consisting of a lower and upper frame and a rectangular pipe inside the furnace, which allows isolating the combustion gases in the furnace from metal parts with a water cooling system with brick walls, brick ceilings and brick lining due to the openings between the upper and lower frames and openings in the upper frame, as well as the pipe inside the furnace, are conveniently closed, bricked and insulated with bricks.

2. The pipe inside the furnace is not subjected to warping, peeling and wear due to the fact that the brick lining of the pipe inside the furnace protects the steel sheets of the pipe body inside the furnace from the effects of high temperatures of the flue gases, and the heating system water passing through the pipes of the pipe cooling system inside the furnace, cools steel sheets of the pipe body inside the furnace.

3. Brick walls, brick floors and brick lining ensure that high temperatures of the flue gases in the furnace are maintained due to the fact that the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the brick are much lower than the thermal conductivity of the metal and the heat capacity of water, and the brick is heat-resistant and insulating material.

4. A fire chamber with brick walls and brick ceilings and a pipe inside a fire chamber with brick lining ensure the formation of vertically burning layers and layers of viscous plastic mass due to the fact that the temperature near the brick wall is high enough to form vertically burning layers and layers of viscous plastic mass.

5. Vertically burning layers and layers of viscous plastic mass separate unburned gases from flue gases due to the fact that the burning layers of semicoke and coke have a temperature higher than the combustion temperature of unburned gases, and therefore unburned gases are inside the vertical layers and outside

- 2 034106 furnace (burnt) gases.

6. Vertically burning layers and layers of viscous plastic mass direct unburned gases along a separate path from the flue gases, and due to the temperature difference between unburned gases and non-thermally decomposed coals, an upward thrust arises and unburned gases are drawn into the space above the pipe inside the furnace.

7. Two firebox doors, offset from the center, provide convenient access to the firebox without destroying the vertically burning layers, allow the poker to clean the grate from ash around vertically burning layers due to the fact that two firebox doors are located on both sides of the vertically burning layers.

8. When the ash pan door is closed while coal is burning in the furnace, the unburned gases and soot are completely drawn back into the furnace due to the fact that the vacuum in the ash pan increases and the draft in the pipes for unburned gases and soot increases, and unburned gases and soot are drawn from the space above a pipe inside the furnace to the ash pan and further to the furnace for subsequent combustion with semi-coke and coke.

The implementation of the invention (Fig. 1-9).

The pipe frame, consisting of the lower frame (1) and the upper frame (2), connected by a pipe (3) to each other, form the contour of the combustion chamber cooling system.

Grids (7) are installed on the lower frame, and two firebox doors (8) are installed in the front part, and bricks are laid along the perimeter to the upper frame and brick walls (4) of the firebox are formed.

Inside the furnace (18) there is a rectangular cone-shaped pipe with brick lining, formed by connecting the cooling system pipes (21) to the frame (20), the openings between the cooling system pipes are closed by welded steel sheets (22). The pipes of the cooling system (21) are located around the perimeter of the frame (20) at a certain distance from each other. The pipe inside the furnace (18) is bricked and a brick pipe (19) is formed, and thus the pipes of the cooling system (21) are isolated from the flue gases by a brick pipe.

An adapter (17) for the exhaust pipe is installed on the upper frame at the rear, and the openings in the upper frame are closed with brick ceilings (5) and a firebox (6) is formed inside.

An ashpit door (9) is installed at the bottom of the lower frame and an ashpit (10) is located, consisting of a frame of corners (11) and steel sheets of the ashpit case (12).

On the front of the upper frame above the brick floor of the furnace above the rectangular pipe inside the cone-shaped furnace with brick lining, an overlap (13) with a hatch (14) and a space above the pipe inside the furnace (15) are formed. The space above the pipe inside the furnace is connected to the ash pan (10) by means of pipes for unburned gases and soot (16).

Brick walls, brick ceilings and brick lining are stacked in such a way that all the metal parts of the pipe frame with the water cooling system of the furnace are isolated from flue gases.

The combustion chamber operates as follows.

In order to melt the combustion chamber through the firebox doors (8), small firewood or other kindling is placed on the grates (7), from above through the hatch (14) coal is loaded into the pipe inside the furnace (18) until it is filled and ignited.

At the initial time, during the combustion of coal in the furnace (6), unburned gases, soot and flue gases are released and exit the exhaust pipe.

After some time, the burnt coals, turning into ash, fall through the grate (7) into the ash pan (10). And the coals in the brick pipe (19) from above, under their own weight, as they burn and turn into ash, continuously enter the furnace (6), forcing the ash through the grates (7) into the ash pan (10).

The pipe inside the bricked fire chamber provides the coals in contact with the walls with thermal decomposition and the direction of unburned gases and soot up into the space above the pipe inside the fire chamber. The movement of unburned gases and soot occurs due to the thrust caused by the temperature difference between unburned gases and soot and air temperatures in the space above the pipe inside the furnace.

In the outer parts of the burning layers with the conversion of coal into semi-coke and coke (smokeless fuel), the emission of unburned gases and soot ceases.

In the inner parts of the burning layers, thermal decomposition of coal occurs, i.e. coals turn into a viscous plastic mass with the release of unburned gases and soot, and then the viscous plastic mass turns into semi-coke and coke.

A viscous plastic mass keeps vertically burning layers in a vertical position, i.e. does not crumble and coal does not spill out of the internal parts of vertically burning layers into the furnace.

The temperature difference from the thermal decomposition of coals in the inner parts of the burning layers and the air temperature in the space above the pipe inside the furnace creates draft in the pipe inside the furnace and draws unburned gases and soot up into the space above the pipe inside the furnace, through the pipe inside the furnace.

The pipe inside the furnace and vertically burning layers create a separate path for unburned gases and soot from the flue gases and direct unburned gases and soot up into the space above the pipe inside the furnace.

- 3 034 106

In vertically burning layers of semicoke and coke, the combustion temperature is higher than the temperature of combustion of unburned gases and soot, and unburned gases and soot, passing through the burning layers of semicoke and coke, burn and turn into flue gases, and vertically burning layers of semicoke and coke are separators of unburned gases and soot from flue gases.

Those. inside vertically burning layers of semicoke and coke there are unburned gases and soot, and outside there are flue gases.

When coal is burned in the furnace, the temperature rises, and a low pressure region is created from the furnace to the exit of the exhaust pipe. When the ash pan door is closed, the vacuum in the ash pan increases and the draft in the pipes for unburnt gases and soot increases, and unburnt gases and soot are drawn from the space above the pipe inside the furnace to the ash pan, and from there through the grates, the unburnt gases and soot re-enter the process burning.

Cooling is carried out by water coming from the heating system to the lower frame (2) and through the pipe (3) to the upper frame (1) and then through the frame (20) and through the pipes of the cooling system (21) pipes inside the furnace, through the upper frame (1 ) returns to the heating system.

In order to fill the furnace with coal, the ash pan door is closed, the hatch is opened and coal is loaded. When the pipe inside the furnace is filled with coal, they close the hatch and open the ash pan door.

When the hatch is opened during loading of coal into the pipe inside the furnace, unburned gases and soot do not enter the room, but on the contrary, it is drawn into the ash pan and further into the furnace for subsequent combustion with semi-coke and coke.

Thus, when operating the combustion chamber:

there is no rapid decrease in the temperature of the flue gases inside the furnace;

under the pipe inside the furnace, filled with coal, vertically burning layers of the pipe shape inside the furnace are formed along the perimeter from the outside;

unburned gases and soot are separated from the flue gases and unburned gases and soot are directed along a separate path from the flue gases upward into the space above the pipe inside the furnace;

unburned gases and soot are returned to the furnace for subsequent combustion with semi-coke and coke;

there is no warping and peeling of metal parts;

without destroying the vertically burning layers, you can use a poker to clean the grates of ash around vertically burning coals;

unburned gases and soot are burnt in the furnace and unburned coal oxides are not emitted into the atmosphere and atmospheric air is not polluted with black smoke.

Sourse of information:

1. Sosnin Yu.P., Bukharin E.N. Heating and hot water supply of an individual house. Reference manual. M .: Stroyizdat. 1993 -384 p.

2. Stoves and fireplaces / ed. A.M. Humps. - M .: ACT; Donetsk: Stalker, 2007.- 234, / 6 / s: silt. - (I'm building a house).

3. Stoves and fireplaces / compiled Lin. V.V. - M.: Adelant LLC, 2007.-192 p.

4. High-temperature combustion chamber for domestic stoves and stoves: patent for an invention. No. 2465520. RU dated 10.27.2012 IPC F24B 1/00 Damdyn S.I. Application: 2009124996/03, 07/01/2009

5. The method of separation of unburned gases and soot during the combustion of coal in the combustion chamber from the flue gases, as well as the return of unburned gases and soot back to the combustion chamber for subsequent combustion and a device for its implementation: Application for invention: 2012128387/06, RU dated 05.07. 2012 IPC F23B 80/00 Damdyn S.I.

6. A method for separating unburned gases and soot from flue gases during coal combustion in the combustion chamber and directing unburned gases and soot along a separate path from the flue gas path, as well as returning unburned gases and soot back to the combustion chamber for subsequent combustion and a device for its implementation : Application for invention: 2013114525/06, RU dated 04/02/2013 IPC F23B 80/00 Damdyn S.I.

Claims (4)

CLAIM 1. The combustion chamber, consisting of a housing with double steel walls forming a water cooling jacket, inside which a vertical channel for coal is installed, consisting of double steel walls with water cooling, which is characterized in that the walls of the combustion chamber contain a cooling system circuit formed by connected with a pipe (3) of the lower (1) and upper (2) frames, two firebox doors (8) are symmetrically mounted on the front wall and brick walls (4) are folded along the perimeter to the upper frame, and the vertical coal channel is made in the form Pipes (18) connected to the upper frame (2) inside the firebox with brick lining and the openings in the upper frame are closed with brick ceilings (5), and the brick walls, ceilings and lining are folded so that all metal parts with water cooling are isolated from firebox spaces. - 4 034 106 2. The combustion chamber according to claim 1, in which the pipe (18) inside the furnace is made in the form of a truncated rectangular cone and connected to the frame (20) of the upper frame (2) by pipes of the cooling system (21) located around the perimeter of the frame (20) on a certain distance from each other, and the openings between the pipes of the cooling system (21) closing with welded steel sheets (22). 3. A device for burning coal, equipped with a combustion chamber according to claim 1, containing in the region of the front part of the upper frame (2) above the brick floor (5) of the furnace the space above the pipe (18) inside the furnace, which is formed by the installation of the ceiling (13) with a hatch (14) and connected to the ash pan (10) via pipes (16) for unburned gases and soot. 4. A method of burning coal using the device according to claim 3, comprising the following steps: small firewood or other kindling is put through the firebox doors (8) to the grates (7), coal is loaded from above through the hatch (14) into the pipe (18) inside the firebox until it is filled and ignited; under the pipe (18) inside the furnace, vertical layers are formed, the internal parts of which emit unburned gases and soot, and the draft resulting from the temperature difference sends unburned gases and soot upward into the space (15) above the pipe inside the furnace, and unburned gases and soot, passing through the outer vertically burning layers of semicoke and coke, burn and turn into flue gases; by covering the ash pan door (9), increase the vacuum in the ash pan (10), increase the draft in the pipes (16) for unburned gases and soot, and completely draw unburned gases and soot from the space (15) above the pipe inside the furnace into the ash pan (10) and then into firebox (6).