RU126095U1 - HEATING CYCLONE-VORTEX FURNACE - Google Patents

Abstract

The heating cyclone-vortex furnace, including a firebox with a grate, an ash pan and a chimney, characterized in that the working space of the furnace is divided into two chambers - a furnace and gas - with a separating sheet welded vertically to the walls of the chamber, a flue gas control valve is mounted in the chimney rotary type for change of direction, flue gases after the valve is shut off are directed from the combustion chamber downwards through hot coal to the chamber where a cyclone-vortex flow is created due to the air channel, representing a pipe with nozzles located above the grate, as a result of smoldering, a slow and complete combustion of fuel occurs.

Description

The utility model belongs to the class of solid fuel household stoves and can be used for heating and cooking in country houses, greenhouses, dachas, enclosed rooms for keeping animals, etc.

Numerous devices and designs of furnaces, stoves, heating boilers, and additional devices for them are known (IPC class F24F).

Known patents of the Russian Federation No. 2408822 dated 06/08/2000, No. 2362092 dated January 14, 2008, No. 2359173 dated February 7, 2008, etc.

The closest in essence is the decision on patent No. 2408822, which we selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of these models is the rapid and incomplete combustion of fuel, small particles do not have time to burn, flying into the atmosphere.

Specialists established three stages of fuel burnout (1st, 2nd, 3rd), which are the following processes:

First stage. At the beginning of the kindling of fuel, using a light-burning kindling (paper, newspaper, chips), the temperature is brought to 100-250 ° C. In this initial stage, solid fuels (in particular logs) smoke especially strongly, giving off steam, tar and gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), methane (NH3) and hydrogen (H2). Under the influence of traction, they exit into the pipe.

Second stage. From the bottom of the logs, yellow lights with red tongues begin to burst upward. With a sufficient supply of oxygen (O2), the temperature of the firewood rises first from 300-550 ° C and it is enough for the fire to be maintained.

When the temperature in the furnace exceeds 550-600 ° C, the volatile flue gases, which contain about half the thermal energy of the fuel, are finally ignited. At t = 600 ° C they blaze with a blue flame.

Third stage. Coal begins to form on the underside of the fuel, which produces small, blue lights and very little smoke. Then they break up into smoldering red-orange chunks of coal that contain the other half of the energy potential of the fuel. With further burnout, they turn first into black coals, then into a gray ash-like mass.

Based on this, a technical solution is proposed that allows a better use of the calorific value of the combustion products. Due to the new design of the furnace, a vortex (cyclone) furnace is created, namely: a region of reduced pressure is created in the furnace with a minimum in the center. Solid particles of unburned fuel are separated from the gas, a turbulence chamber is formed.

Unburned particles are thrown to the walls of the chamber, lighter particles are crumbled into an ash pan, and heavy ones, continuing to move along with hot gases, burn out.

In the proposed design, the combustion of solid fuel (firewood, coal, briquettes, etc.) occurs with a limited controlled supply of air gas containing water vapor and oxygen. In the proposed device there is a slow flameless combustion due to directional air circulation, as a result of which a radiant and convective heat exchange occurs in the combustion chamber. The design allows you to create high temperature in the chamber (up to 2000 ° C), reduces the time of heating the room, and the efficiency of the furnace (efficiency) reaches 95%.

In addition, the created safe burning mode allows the furnace to work on one fuel tab for more than 24 hours, which leads to significant fuel savings and maintenance time.

A significant advantage over analogues is also the safety of this combustion process, as almost no flames arising from open burning.

The welded case of the furnace (1) is made of steel and consists of 2 main working chambers - a furnace chamber, including a grate and air dispensers (2) and a gas chamber (3). In this design, the gas chamber plays a significant role in achieving the goal, namely, continuous flameless combustion of fuel due to directed air circulation, as a result of which radiant and convective heat exchange occurs in the combustion chamber.

For this, the working chamber is divided by a steel sheet (4) located at the rear of the chamber. A separating steel sheet welded vertically to the walls of the chamber below reaches the level of the upper part of the ash pan (5), so that below, under the grate, air space forms around the entire perimeter of the furnace body.

A chimney (6) is mounted in the upper panel of the furnace body. Its lower part is welded to the separation sheet (4) in a space ratio of 30% for the combustion chamber and 70% for the gas chamber.

Inside the smoke chamber, in its upper part, a rotary-type exhaust gas control valve is mounted (7) to change the flow direction of the exhaust gases and unburned smallest particles. The valve is a metal segment welded to the handle 0 of the regulator (8).

The combustion chamber is divided by the grate into the upper one, where the main fuel and the lower ash pan burn. An air channel is located above the ash pan, which is a pipe with nozzles for uniform air supply (9). The number and size of the openings of the air channel is regulated depending on the volume of the combustion chamber. The air supply to the channel is regulated by a valve (10).

In front of the furnace is a door (11) for filling fuel. The door is made round, oval or rectangular, based on the wishes of the customer. In the upper part it is fixed with 2 hinges, and in the lower part the air supply regulator is mounted - a viewing window (12). The door is locked tightly with a mechanical lock, and the seal is carried out by an asbestos cord. If necessary and at the request of the customer, a thermometer can be installed on the door to control the temperature and maintain it in a given mode using the combustion process controller.

The combustion process is as follows: Solid fuel is laid through the hatch (11). Before igniting the main fuel in the furnace for air draft, the flap (7) opens with the regulator-knob (8). The ignition process is 10-15 minutes. The combustion of the main fuel in the upper furnace is observed through the viewing window (12). With full ignition, the damper closes completely, while hot flue gases are directed upward into the smoke chamber, but due to the pipe being shut off by the control valve, they are directed from the combustion chamber downward through coal and the grate to the gas chamber.

Thus, hot gases circulate in the furnace until the fuel is completely burned, and due to slow flameless combustion in the chamber, the temperature reaches more than 2000 ° C, the stove operates on one fuel tab for more than 24 hours, the efficiency of the furnace increases and a safe combustion mode is created.

Claims (1)

The heating cyclone-vortex furnace, including a firebox with a grate, an ash pan and a chimney, characterized in that the working space of the furnace is divided into two chambers - a furnace and gas - with a separating sheet welded vertically to the walls of the chamber, a flue gas control valve is mounted in the chimney rotary type for change of direction, flue gases after the valve is shut off are directed from the combustion chamber downwards through hot coal to the chamber where a cyclone-vortex flow is created due to the air channel, representing a pipe with nozzles located above the grate, as a result of smoldering, a slow and complete combustion of fuel occurs.

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