EP0026150A1 - Heating apparatus using solid as well as liquid fuels - Google Patents

Heating apparatus using solid as well as liquid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026150A1
EP0026150A1 EP80430017A EP80430017A EP0026150A1 EP 0026150 A1 EP0026150 A1 EP 0026150A1 EP 80430017 A EP80430017 A EP 80430017A EP 80430017 A EP80430017 A EP 80430017A EP 0026150 A1 EP0026150 A1 EP 0026150A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grids
solid fuel
sheath
grid
fuel heating
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Granted
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EP80430017A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0026150B1 (en
Inventor
Humbert Marin Olmotti
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT80430017T priority Critical patent/ATE8706T1/en
Publication of EP0026150A1 publication Critical patent/EP0026150A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/08—Closed stoves with fuel storage in a single undivided hopper within stove or range
    • F24B1/14—Closed stoves with fuel storage in a single undivided hopper within stove or range with predistillation in the hopper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/38—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel on a grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
    • F24H9/1832—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid fuel heating apparatus. More specifically, it is aimed at a heat generator mainly intended to operate by the combustion of solid fuels such as wood, coal, coke, sawdust, etc., but having the advantage of being able to be easily arranged, in addition, for also function by the combustion of liquid fuels such as oils of various origins, without the need to make any modification of the heater to switch from one combustion mode to another, like this has been explained in European Patent No. 0.011.586.
  • Solid fuel stoves or boilers generally have the disadvantage of being uneconomical insofar as an appreciable proportion of their components are not or are imperfectly burnt. This is due to the fact that a significant part of the gases and volatile matter generated by the pyrolysis of fuels escapes quickly into the flue, directly or after a somewhat elongated journey. In addition, the incompletely burnt volatile matter remains in the exhaust fumes in the form of soot, tars, combustible gases which, in addition to a notable calorific loss, are a cause of pollution of the atmosphere. On the other hand, to this regrettable loss of part of the gaseous or volatile components, is added imperfect combustion of the solid components.
  • the present invention proposes, in particular, to remedy these drawbacks.
  • An object pursued by the present invention is therefore the production of a heating device for solid fuels, such as a stove or boiler, capable of burning all of the gaseous, volatile or solid components of said fuels and, consequently, of giving the possibility of achieve significant energy savings taking into account the fact that all the heat potential of said fuels is used.
  • Another objective of the invention is the production of a non-polluting heating apparatus, of perfect continuous operation and with high calorific value.
  • the heating device is notably remarkable in that its hearth comprises a set of superimposed grids and an economiser constituted by a vertical sheath, preferably cylindrical, the top of which is provided with a sealing means , and the base of which rests on the upper grid of said assembly, said sheath comprising, in its lower part, a plurality of exhaust orifices distributed over its periphery, and having, at its base, a diameter less than that of said grid superior.
  • Said apparatus comprises a body or casing 1 having a circular or other cross section and executed in sheet steel, cast iron or any suitable refractory material.
  • This envelope delimits the hearth 2 of the heating device which can be a stove emitting heat by radiation or, as shown in Figure 1, a boiler.
  • one or two exchangers 3 - 3 ' are installed around the hearth.
  • the upper exchanger 3 is, for example, assigned to the production of hot water intended for domestic uses, while the lower exchanger 3 1 is connected to the distribution network of a central heating installation.
  • an orifice 4 capable of being connected, in any known manner, to a smoke duct, is provided at the upper part of
  • the heater is provided with an air intake device (not shown) executed in a manner known per se.
  • a support ring 6 is positioned, resting, for example, on radial gussets 7 rigidly secured to the internal face of the body.
  • This support ring supports a set of superimposed grids, comprising a plurality of grids 8 - 8a - 8b - 8c - 8d - 8e, ..., mounted in superposition and spaced from one another.
  • These grids can be formed by spaced bars ( Figure 2) or by perforated plates ( Figure 3).
  • the openings of these grids have decreasing dimensions from top to bottom.
  • the spacing between the bars forming each of said grids decreases, from the upper grid 8, the bars of which are most widely spaced, to the lower grid 8e, the bars of which are the least.
  • the grids consisting of bars are arranged so that the bars of which each is made up, have a different orientation with respect to the bars forming the other grids.
  • the upper grid 8 is provided with the largest perforations, while the dimensions of the perforations of the underlying grids gradually decrease, up to the lower grid 8e which has the smallest perforations.
  • the grids 8 - 8a - 8b - 8c - 8d - 8e, ..., are carried by a cylinder 9 resting, by its base, on the support crown 6.
  • a grid with bars 9b each grid is integral with an independent cylindrical belt 9a, so that the stacking of the different grids and their belts makes it possible to reconstitute a cylinder comparable to the cylinder 9 of FIG. 1.
  • the grids thus produced are provided with means making it possible to center and wedge them one above the other.
  • These means are, for example, constituted by lugs 9c distributed over the periphery of the cylindrical belt of said grids and realizing the centering and the setting of the superimposed or underlying grid, according to the adopted arrangement of said lugs.
  • an economizer comprising a vertical sheath 10, for example made of refractory steel and preferably having a cylindrical shape.
  • This sheath is removable and, according to the advantageous embodiment illustrated, it rests, by its base, on top of the upper grid 8 which is advantageously provided with means for centering said sheath.
  • These means are, for example, constituted by a centering wall 11 of cylindrical shape, or other shape complementary to the profile of the sheath, welded to said grid, and in which the lower end of the sheath 10 is fitted.
  • the latter In its lower part, the latter has a plurality of exhaust orifices 12 distributed over its periphery.
  • the sheath is provided with at least two stages of exhaust orifices staggered.
  • Each exhaust port 12 is provided with an external deflector 13 oriented from top to bottom.
  • These deflectors are, for example, obtained by cutting strips in the cylindrical wall of the sheath and folding these cut strips towards the outside.
  • the top of the sheath 10 is equipped with a removable sealing means.
  • This means is advantageously formed by a circular loading pad 14 constituting one of the two homocentric elements for closing the upper part of the heating appliance.
  • the second of these elements is constituted by a removable cover 15 having the shape of a circular crown and the central edge of which is provided with two coaxial annular lips 15 1 - 15 "delimiting a circular groove in which the upper edge of the sheath, when said cover is in place, so as to make a leaktight baffle junction.
  • the loading pad 14 comprises, on its underside and at a short distance from its periphery, a centering ring Z4 'fitted into the outer lip 15 "of the cover, when said pad is in place.
  • the diameter of the base of the economizer 10 - 14 is less than that of the upper grid 8 of the set of grids on which said base rests.
  • the reservoir 31 constituting the lower exchanger has a cylindrical shape and is arranged around the set of grids, while the reservoir 3 forming the upper exchanger also has a cylindrical shape and is placed around the sheath 10, an annular space e being formed between the internal surface of said exchanger 3 and the external surface of said sheath.
  • the set of superimposed grids constitutes the hearth where the complete combustion of solid fuels takes place, while the annular space e forms a combustion chamber for gaseous or volatile components.
  • This combustion cycle is renewed each time the sheath 10 is refilled.
  • this heater can be very easily arranged to be able to operate both with solid fuels and with liquid fuels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

1. Heating apparatus using solid as well as liquid fuels, comprising a body or casing (1) bounding a central chamber in the upper part of which is disposed an economiser (10) constituted by a preferably cylindrical vertical sheath provided, at its upper end with a fluid-tight closing means (14) and comprising, in its lower part, a plurality of outlet openings (12) distributed on its periphery, characterised in that an inlet (16) for combustible liquid opens into the upper part of the economiser thus arranged, the base of which rests on the upper grid (8) of an assembly of superposed grids (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e), the said upper grid (8) having a diameter greater than that of the base of the said economiser (10), such that the combustion of the gaseous and volatile components of the solid and/or liquid fuels escaping from the said openings (12) takes place in an annular chamber (e) provided about the said sheath (10) and the base of which is constituted by the projecting portion (8') in the form of a crown of the upper grid (8) of the said assembly of superposed grids.

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides.
Plus précisément, elle vise un générateur de chaleur principalement prévu pour fonctionner par la combustion de combustibles solides tels que bois, charbon, coke, sciure de bois, etc..., mais présentant l'avantage de pouvoir être aisément agencé, complémentairement, pour fonctionner également par la combustion de combustibles liquides tels qu' huiles d'origines diverses, sans qu'il soit besoin de procéder à une modification quelconque de l'appareil de chauffage pour passer d'un mode de combustion à l'autre, comme cela a été expliqué dans le brevet européen N° 0.011.586.The present invention relates to a solid fuel heating apparatus.
More specifically, it is aimed at a heat generator mainly intended to operate by the combustion of solid fuels such as wood, coal, coke, sawdust, etc., but having the advantage of being able to be easily arranged, in addition, for also function by the combustion of liquid fuels such as oils of various origins, without the need to make any modification of the heater to switch from one combustion mode to another, like this has been explained in European Patent No. 0.011.586.

Les poêles ou chaudières à combustibles solides présentent généralement l'inconvénient d'être peu économiques dans la mesure où une proportion appréciable de leurs composants ne sont pas ou sont imparfaitement brûlés. Cela est dû au fait qu'une partie importante des gaz et des matières volatiles engendrés par la pyrolyse des combustibles s'échappe rapidement dans le conduit de fumée, directement ou après un trajet quelque peu allongé.
De plus, les matières volatiles incomplètement brulées subsistent dans les fumées évacuées sous forme de suies, de goudrons, de gaz combustibles qui, outre une perte calorifique notable, sont une cause de pollution de l'atmosphère.
D'autre part, à cette déperdition regrettable d'une partie des composants gazeux ou volatils, s'ajoute une combustion imparfaite des composants solides.Solid fuel stoves or boilers generally have the disadvantage of being uneconomical insofar as an appreciable proportion of their components are not or are imperfectly burnt. This is due to the fact that a significant part of the gases and volatile matter generated by the pyrolysis of fuels escapes quickly into the flue, directly or after a somewhat elongated journey.
In addition, the incompletely burnt volatile matter remains in the exhaust fumes in the form of soot, tars, combustible gases which, in addition to a notable calorific loss, are a cause of pollution of the atmosphere.
On the other hand, to this regrettable loss of part of the gaseous or volatile components, is added imperfect combustion of the solid components.

On a proposé de remédier aux inconvénients susmentionnés par une construction suivant laquelle le poêle comporte une gaine interne à l'intérieur de laquelle s'opère la combustion et dont la base repose sur une grille de même diamètre (brevet allemand N° 374 576). Selon ce mode d'exécution, les hydrocarbures légers volatils non réduits provenant de la distillation du combustible s'échappent par le sommet de la gaine interne et sont ramenés, par un conduit approprié, sous le grille du foyer, de sorte qu'ils sont réduits par leur passage au travers du combustible en ignition avant leur évacuation dans la cheminée.It has been proposed to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks by a construction according to which the stove has an internal sheath inside which combustion takes place and the base of which rests on a grate of the same diameter (German Patent No. 374,576). According to this embodiment, the unreduced volatile light hydrocarbons originating from the distillation of the fuel escape through the top of the internal cladding and are brought back, by a conduit. suitable, under the grate of the hearth, so that they are reduced by their passage through the fuel in ignition before their evacuation in the chimney.

Ce type d'appareil est d'affecté d'au moins deux inconvénients :

  • - son pouvoir calorifique est faible, car les hydrocarbures légers recyclés sont brulés à l'intérieur de la masse incandescente lors de leur passage à travers cette dernière
  • - un mauvais tirage, surtout lors du chargement, notamment lorsqu'on utilise un combustible fin tel que sciure de bois lequel, lors de son introduction dans la gaine intérieure, s'étale sur toute la largeur de la grille, en empêchant, de ce fait, le passage de l'air assurant la combustion, ce qui provoque l'extinction du foyer.
This type of device is affected by at least two drawbacks:
  • - its calorific value is low, because the light recycled hydrocarbons are burnt inside the incandescent mass during their passage through the latter
  • - poor draft, especially during loading, especially when using a fine fuel such as sawdust which, when introduced into the inner sheath, spreads over the entire width of the grid, preventing this done, the passage of air ensuring combustion, which causes the fireplace to go out.

La présente invention se propose, notamment, de remédier à ces inconvénients.The present invention proposes, in particular, to remedy these drawbacks.

Un but poursuivi par la présente invention est donc la réalisation d'un appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides, tels que poêle ou chaudière, capable de brûler la totalité des composants gazeux, volatils ou solides desdits combustibles et, partant, de donner la possibilité de réaliser des économies d'énergie appréciables compte tenu du fait que tout le potentiel calorifique desdits combustibles est utilisé.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est la réalisation d'un appareil de chauffage non polluant, d'un fonctionnement continu parfait et à pouvoir calorifique élevé.An object pursued by the present invention is therefore the production of a heating device for solid fuels, such as a stove or boiler, capable of burning all of the gaseous, volatile or solid components of said fuels and, consequently, of giving the possibility of achieve significant energy savings taking into account the fact that all the heat potential of said fuels is used.
Another objective of the invention is the production of a non-polluting heating apparatus, of perfect continuous operation and with high calorific value.

L'appareil de chauffage selon la présente invention est notamment remarquable par le fait que son foyer comporte un ensemble de grilles superposées et un économiseur constitué par une gaine verticale, de préférence cylindrique, dont le sommet est pourvu d'un moyen d'obturation étanche, et dont la base repose sur la grille supérieure dudit ensemble, ladite gaine comportant, dans sa partie inférieure, une pluralité d'orifices d'échappement répartis sur sa périphérie, et ayant, à sa base, un diamètre inférieur à celui de ladite grille supérieure.The heating device according to the present invention is notably remarkable in that its hearth comprises a set of superimposed grids and an economiser constituted by a vertical sheath, preferably cylindrical, the top of which is provided with a sealing means , and the base of which rests on the upper grid of said assembly, said sheath comprising, in its lower part, a plurality of exhaust orifices distributed over its periphery, and having, at its base, a diameter less than that of said grid superior.

Ces buts, avantages et caractéristiques, et d'autres encore, ressortiront mieux de la description qui suit et des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe verticale et à caractère schématique, d'une chaudière réalisée selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en plan de l'ensemble de grilles, avec arrachement partiel des grilles superposées.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en plan analogue à la figure 2, illustrant un autre mode d'exécution de l'ensemble de grilles.
  • La figure 4 est une coupe diamétrale d'une variante de réalisation d'une grille de l'ensemble de grilles.
These aims, advantages and characteristics, and others still, will emerge more clearly from the description which follows and from the attached drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a boiler produced according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the set of grids, with partial cutaway of the superimposed grids.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view similar to Figure 2, illustrating another embodiment of the set of grids.
  • Figure 4 is a diametrical section of an alternative embodiment of a grid of the set of grids.

On se reporte auxdits dessins pour décrire un exemple avantageux, quoique nullement limitatif, de réalisation de l'appareil de chauffage suivant l'invention.Reference is made to said drawings to describe an advantageous, although in no way limiting, example of an embodiment of the heating apparatus according to the invention.

Ledit appareil comprend un corps ou enveloppe 1 ayant une section circulaire ou autre et exécuté en tôle d'acier, en fonte ou en tout matériau réfractaire approprié.Said apparatus comprises a body or casing 1 having a circular or other cross section and executed in sheet steel, cast iron or any suitable refractory material.

Cette enveloppe délimite le foyer 2 de l'appareil de chauffage lequel peut être un poêle émettant de la chaleur par rayonnement ou, comme représenté à la figure 1, une chaudière.This envelope delimits the hearth 2 of the heating device which can be a stove emitting heat by radiation or, as shown in Figure 1, a boiler.

Dans ce dernier cas, un ou deux échangeurs 3 - 3' sont installés autour du foyer.In the latter case, one or two exchangers 3 - 3 'are installed around the hearth.

L'échangeur supérieur 3 est, par exemple, affecté à la production d'eau chaude destinée aux usages domestiques, tandis que l'échangeur inférieur 31 est connecté au réseau de distribution d'une installation de chauffage central.The upper exchanger 3 is, for example, assigned to the production of hot water intended for domestic uses, while the lower exchanger 3 1 is connected to the distribution network of a central heating installation.

De façon classique, un orifice 4 apte à être raccordé, de toute manière connue, à un conduit de fumée, est ménagé à la partie supérieure deConventionally, an orifice 4 capable of being connected, in any known manner, to a smoke duct, is provided at the upper part of

la paroi latérale du corps 1, tandis qu'un espace 5 est réservé dans la partie inférieure dudit corps, pour la réception des cendres. Dans ladite partie inférieure, l'appareil de chauffage est muni d'un dispositif d'admission d'air (non représenté) exécuté de façon connue en soi.the side wall of the body 1, while a space 5 is reserved in the lower part of said body, for the reception of the ashes. In said lower part, the heater is provided with an air intake device (not shown) executed in a manner known per se.

Au-dessus de l'espace inférieur 5, est positionnée une couronne d'appui 6, reposant, par exemple, sur des goussets radiaux 7 rigidement solidaires de la face interne du corps.Above the lower space 5, a support ring 6 is positioned, resting, for example, on radial gussets 7 rigidly secured to the internal face of the body.

La partie centrale de cette couronne d'appui supporte un ensemble de grilles superposées, comprenant une pluralité de grilles 8 - 8a - 8b - 8c - 8d - 8e,..., montées en superposition et de manière espacée les une des autres.The central part of this support ring supports a set of superimposed grids, comprising a plurality of grids 8 - 8a - 8b - 8c - 8d - 8e, ..., mounted in superposition and spaced from one another.

Ces grilles peuvent être constituées par des barreaux espacés (figure 2) ou par des plaques perforées (figure 3).These grids can be formed by spaced bars (Figure 2) or by perforated plates (Figure 3).

Les ouvertures de ces grilles ont des dimensions décroissantes de haut en bas. Ainsi, comme le montre la figure 2, l'écartement entre les barreaux formant chacune desdites grilles décroit, de la grille supérieure 8 dont les barreaux sont le plus largement espacés, à-la grille inférieure 8e dont les barreaux le sont le moins. En outre, les grilles constituées de barreaux sont disposées de façon que les barreaux dont est composée chacune d'entre elles, aient une orientation différente par rapport aux barreaux formant les autres grilles.The openings of these grids have decreasing dimensions from top to bottom. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the spacing between the bars forming each of said grids decreases, from the upper grid 8, the bars of which are most widely spaced, to the lower grid 8e, the bars of which are the least. In addition, the grids consisting of bars are arranged so that the bars of which each is made up, have a different orientation with respect to the bars forming the other grids.

De manière comparable, lorsque les grilles superposées sont composées de plaques perforées, comme illustré à la figure 3, la grille supérieure 8 est pourvue des perforations les plus grandes, tandis que les dimensions des perforations des grilles sous-jacentes diminuent progressivement, jusqu'à la grille inférieure 8e qui présente les perforations les plus petites.In a comparable way, when the superimposed grids are composed of perforated plates, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the upper grid 8 is provided with the largest perforations, while the dimensions of the perforations of the underlying grids gradually decrease, up to the lower grid 8e which has the smallest perforations.

Les grilles 8 - 8a - 8b - 8c - 8d - 8e,..., sont portées par un cylindre 9 reposant, par sa base, sur la couronne d'appui 6. Suivant une variante d'exécution représentée à la figure 4 montrant . une grille à barreaux 9b, chaque grille est solidaire d'une ceinture cylindrique indépendante 9a, de sorte que l'empilage des différentes grilles et de leurs ceintures permet de reconstituer un cylindre comparable au cylindre 9 de la figure 1.The grids 8 - 8a - 8b - 8c - 8d - 8e, ..., are carried by a cylinder 9 resting, by its base, on the support crown 6. According to an alternative embodiment shown in Figure 4 showing . a grid with bars 9b, each grid is integral with an independent cylindrical belt 9a, so that the stacking of the different grids and their belts makes it possible to reconstitute a cylinder comparable to the cylinder 9 of FIG. 1.

Les grilles ainsi réalisées sont pourvues de moyens permettant de les centrer et de les caler les unes au-dessus des autres. Ces moyens sont par exemple, constitués par des pattes 9c réparties sur la périphérie de la ceinture cylindrique desdites grilles et réalisant le centrage et le calage de la grille superposée ou sous-jacente, suivant la disposition adoptée desdites pattes.The grids thus produced are provided with means making it possible to center and wedge them one above the other. These means are, for example, constituted by lugs 9c distributed over the periphery of the cylindrical belt of said grids and realizing the centering and the setting of the superimposed or underlying grid, according to the adopted arrangement of said lugs.

Au-dessus de l'ensemble de grilles superposées est installé un économiseur comprenant une gaine verticale 10, par exemple exécutée en acier réfractaire et ayant, de préférence, une forme cylindrique. Cette gaine est amovible et, suivant l'exemple d'exécution avantageux illustré, elle repose, par sa base, sur le dessus de la grille supérieure 8 qui est avantageusement munie de moyens de centrage de ladite gaine. Ces moyens sont, par exemple, constitués par une paroi de centrage 11 de forme cylindrique, ou autre forme complémentaire au profil de la gaine, soudée sur ladite grille, et dans laquelle est emboitée l'extrémité inférieure de la gaine 10.Above the set of superimposed grids is installed an economizer comprising a vertical sheath 10, for example made of refractory steel and preferably having a cylindrical shape. This sheath is removable and, according to the advantageous embodiment illustrated, it rests, by its base, on top of the upper grid 8 which is advantageously provided with means for centering said sheath. These means are, for example, constituted by a centering wall 11 of cylindrical shape, or other shape complementary to the profile of the sheath, welded to said grid, and in which the lower end of the sheath 10 is fitted.

Dans sa partie inférieure, cette dernière comporte une pluralité d'orifices d'échappement 12 répartis sur sa périphérie.In its lower part, the latter has a plurality of exhaust orifices 12 distributed over its periphery.

De manière préférée, la gaine est pourvue d'au moins deux étages d'orifices d'échappement disposés en quinconce.Preferably, the sheath is provided with at least two stages of exhaust orifices staggered.

Chaque orifice d'échappement 12 est muni d'un déflecteur extérieur 13 orientés de haut en bas. Ces déflecteurs sont, par exemple, obtenus par découpage de lamelles dans la paroi cylindrique de la gaine et pliage de ces lamelles découpées en direction de l'extérieur.Each exhaust port 12 is provided with an external deflector 13 oriented from top to bottom. These deflectors are, for example, obtained by cutting strips in the cylindrical wall of the sheath and folding these cut strips towards the outside.

Le sommet de la gaine 10 est équipé d'un moyen amovible d'obturation étanche. Ce moyen est avantageusement formé par un tampon de chargement circulaire 14 constituant l'un des deux éléments homocentriques de fermeture de la partie supérieure de l'appareil de chauffage.The top of the sheath 10 is equipped with a removable sealing means. This means is advantageously formed by a circular loading pad 14 constituting one of the two homocentric elements for closing the upper part of the heating appliance.

Le second de ces éléments est constitué par un couvercle amovible 15 ayant la forme d'une couronne circulaire et dont le bord central est doté de deux lèvres annulaires coaxiales 151 - 15" délimitant une gorge circulaire dans laquelle est logé le bord supérieur de la gaine, lorsque ledit couvercle est en place, de manière à réaliser une jonction étanche en chicane.The second of these elements is constituted by a removable cover 15 having the shape of a circular crown and the central edge of which is provided with two coaxial annular lips 15 1 - 15 "delimiting a circular groove in which the upper edge of the sheath, when said cover is in place, so as to make a leaktight baffle junction.

D'autre part, le tampon de chargement 14 comporte, sur sa face inférieure et à faible distance de sa périphérie, un anneau de centrage Z4' emboité dans la lèvre extérieure 15" du couvercle, lorsque ledit tampon est en place.On the other hand, the loading pad 14 comprises, on its underside and at a short distance from its periphery, a centering ring Z4 'fitted into the outer lip 15 "of the cover, when said pad is in place.

Le diamètre de la base de l'économiseur 10 - 14 est inférieur à celui de la grille supérieure 8 de l'ensemble de grilles sur laquelle repose ladite base.The diameter of the base of the economizer 10 - 14 is less than that of the upper grid 8 of the set of grids on which said base rests.

Comme le montre la figure 1, le réservoir 31 constituant l'échangeur inférieur a une forme cylindrique et est disposé autour de l'ensemble de grilles, tandis que le réservoir 3 formant l'échangeur supérieur a également une forme cylindrique et est placé autour de la gaine 10, un espace annulaire e étant ménagé entre la surface interne dudit échangeur 3 et la surface externe de ladite gaine.As shown in FIG. 1, the reservoir 31 constituting the lower exchanger has a cylindrical shape and is arranged around the set of grids, while the reservoir 3 forming the upper exchanger also has a cylindrical shape and is placed around the sheath 10, an annular space e being formed between the internal surface of said exchanger 3 and the external surface of said sheath.

Le fonctionnement de cet appareil de chauffage est le suivant :

  • Après avoir garni la gaine 10, mis en place le tampon 14 et amorcé la combustion en faisant brûler un combustible aisément inflammable tel que papier, carton, brindilles de bois, au-dessous des grilles, cette combustion produit de la chaleur qui se répand autour de la gaine et chauffe fortement sa paroi.
The operation of this heater is as follows:
  • After having lined the sheath 10, put in place the pad 14 and started the combustion by burning an easily flammable fuel such as paper, cardboard, wooden twigs, below the grates, this combustion produces heat which spreads around of the sheath and strongly heats its wall.

Il se produit ainsi une pyrolyse des combustibles solides logés dans la gaine, laquelle libère les composants gazeux et volatils desdits combustibles. Les gaz et autres matières volatiles libérés ne pouvant sortir par le haut de l'économiseur obturé de manière étanche, descendent vers le bas de la gaine 10, s'échappent par les orifices 12 dans la chambre annulaire e et s'enflamment instantanément au contact de l'air du tirage.There is thus a pyrolysis of the solid fuels housed in the cladding, which releases the gaseous and volatile components of said fuels. The released gases and other volatile materials which cannot exit from the top of the sealed obturator, descend to the bottom of the sheath 10, escape through the orifices 12 in the annular chamber e and ignite instantly on contact. draft air.

Les éléments carbonisés de la couche inférieure incandescente du chargement tombent successivement sur les grilles sous-jacentes où leur combustion se poursuit jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient réduits àThe charred elements of the incandescent lower layer of the load fall successively on the underlying grids where their combustion continues until they are reduced to

l'état de cendre, la réserve de combustible descendant progressivement sur la grille supérieure au fur et à mesure que lesdits éléments carbonisés se consument.the state of ash, the fuel reserve progressively descending on the upper grid as said charred elements burn.

On conçoit que l'ensemble de grilles superposées constitue le foyer où s'opère la combustion complète des combustibles solides, tandis que l'espace annulaire e forme une chambre de combustion des composants gazeux ou volatils.It is understood that the set of superimposed grids constitutes the hearth where the complete combustion of solid fuels takes place, while the annular space e forms a combustion chamber for gaseous or volatile components.

Ce cycle de combustion se renouvelle à chaque nouveau remplissage de la gaine 10.This combustion cycle is renewed each time the sheath 10 is refilled.

L'intérêt et les avantages de l'appareil de chauffage selon l'invention ressortént bien de l'exposé qui précède et des dessins annexés.The interest and the advantages of the heating device according to the invention clearly emerge from the foregoing description and the attached drawings.

On souligne qu'un autre avantage de cet appareil de chauffage est qu'il peut être très facilement agencé pour pouvoir fonctionner aussi bien à l'aide de combustibles solides, qu'au moyen de combustibles liquides.It is pointed out that another advantage of this heater is that it can be very easily arranged to be able to operate both with solid fuels and with liquid fuels.

Il suffit, comme cela est décrit et illustré dans le brevet européen N° 0.011.586, de disposer une admission de combustible liquide dans la partie centrale du tampon de chargement 14, cette admission étant, par exemple, avantageusement constituée par une simple tubulure 16 (tracé en traits interrompus de la figure 1) traversant ledit tampon et raccordée à une installation d'alimentation.It is sufficient, as described and illustrated in European patent N ° 0.011.586, to have an inlet for liquid fuel in the central part of the loading pad 14, this inlet being, for example, advantageously constituted by a simple tube 16 (dashed line in Figure 1) passing through said buffer and connected to a supply installation.

Claims (9)

1. - Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides caractérisé en ce que le foyer (2) dudit appareil comporte un ensemble de grilles superposées (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e) et un économiseur (10) constitué par une gaine verticale de préférence cylindrique, dont le sommet est pourvu d'un moyen d'obturation étanche (14) et dont la base repose sur la grille supérieure (8) dudit ensemble ; ladite gaine comportant, dans sa partie inférieure, une pluralité d'orfices d'échappement (12) répartis sur sa périphérie.1. - Solid fuel heating device characterized in that the hearth (2) of said device comprises a set of superimposed grids (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e) and an economizer (10) consisting of a vertical sheath preferably cylindrical, the top of which is provided with a sealed closure means (14) and the base of which rests on the upper grid (8) of said assembly; said sheath comprising, in its lower part, a plurality of exhaust ports (12) distributed over its periphery. 2. - Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'économiseur a, à sa base, un diamètre inférieur à celui de la grille supérieure de l'ensemble de grilles.2. - A solid fuel heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the economizer has, at its base, a diameter less than that of the upper grid of the set of grids. 3. - Appareil de chauffage combustibles solides suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, tel que chaudière comprenant un échangeur, caractérisé en ce que ledit échangeur comporte un réservoir cylindrique (3) disposé autour de la gaine verticale de l'économiseur, un espace annulaire (e) dans lequel s'opère la combustion des combustibles gazeux, étant ménagé entre ladite gaine et ledit réservoir.3. - solid fuel heating apparatus according to one of claims 1 or 2, such as a boiler comprising an exchanger, characterized in that said exchanger comprises a cylindrical tank (3) disposed around the vertical sheath of the economizer, a annular space (e) in which the combustion of gaseous fuels takes place, being formed between said sheath and said tank. 4. - Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la gaine comporte, dans sa partie inférieure, au moins deux étages d'orifices d'échappement (12).4. - A solid fuel heater according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the sheath comprises, in its lower part, at least two stages of exhaust ports (12). 5. - Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les orifices d'échappement (12) sont disposés en quinconce.5. - A solid fuel heating device according to claim 4, characterized in that the exhaust ports (12) are staggered. 6. - Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures des grilles superposées ont des dimensions décroissantes, de la grille supérieure (8) à la grille inférieure (8e).6. - A solid fuel heating apparatus according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the openings of the superimposed grids have decreasing dimensions, from the upper grid (8) to the lower grid (8e). 7. - Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides suivant la-revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la grille supérieure (8) de l'ensemble de grilles est solidaire de moyen de centrage (11) de la base de l'économiseur (10).7. - A solid fuel heating apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper grid (8) of the set of grids is secured to centering means (11) of the base of the economizer (10) . 8. - Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits orifices d'échappement (12) sont pourvus de déflecteurs extérieurs (13) orientés de haut en bas.8. - A solid fuel heater according to any one of claims 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that said exhaust ports (12) are provided with external deflectors (13) oriented from top to bottom. 9. - Appareil de chauffage à combustibles solides selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque grille de l'ensemble de grilles est solidaire d'une ceinture cylindrique indépendante (9a), les grilles ainsi réalisées comportant des moyens de centrage et de calage (9c) permettant de les superposer correctement.9. - A solid fuel heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that each grid of the set of grids is secured to an independent cylindrical belt (9a), the grids thus produced comprising centering and wedging means (9c) allowing them to be superimposed correctly.
EP80430017A 1979-09-20 1980-09-19 Heating apparatus using solid as well as liquid fuels Expired EP0026150B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80430017T ATE8706T1 (en) 1979-09-20 1980-09-19 HEATER USING SOLID AND ALSO LIQUID FUELS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7923878A FR2465951A1 (en) 1979-09-20 1979-09-20 SOLID FUEL HEATING APPARATUS
FR7923878 1979-09-20

Publications (2)

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EP0026150A1 true EP0026150A1 (en) 1981-04-01
EP0026150B1 EP0026150B1 (en) 1984-07-25

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EP80430017A Expired EP0026150B1 (en) 1979-09-20 1980-09-19 Heating apparatus using solid as well as liquid fuels

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EP (1) EP0026150B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE8706T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3068693D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2465951A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2603686A1 (en) * 1986-09-05 1988-03-11 Olmotti Humbert Marin Universal heating apparatus
RU2465520C2 (en) * 2009-07-01 2012-10-27 Малая технологическая компания с ограниченной ответственностью "Политех" Combustion chamber of high-temperature burning for domestic stoves and kitchen cookers
ES2530318A1 (en) * 2015-01-29 2015-02-27 Pedro José PANADERO GÓMEZ Multipurpose stove (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE347539C (en) * 1922-01-21 Frank Sche Eisenwerke G M B H Oven grate for fuels rich in gas and ash
DE540275C (en) * 1931-12-19 Vosswerke Akt Ges Slow-burning stove
FR808783A (en) * 1935-11-05 1937-02-15 Fireplace generator with gasifier and burner device
US2096467A (en) * 1937-10-19 Heater
FR882190A (en) * 1941-04-15 1943-05-20 Gas stove
US2528447A (en) * 1947-08-01 1950-10-31 Russel T Miles Reversible trash incinerator
DE817196C (en) * 1949-03-30 1951-10-15 Wagner Geb Steel boilers for the production of hot water or low-pressure steam, especially for central heating systems
FR1343025A (en) * 1962-10-13 1963-11-15 Mij Tot Exploitatie Van Limbur Improvements relating to the construction of stoves, ovens, central heating boilers or similar apparatus
FR1399739A (en) * 1964-04-10 1965-05-21 Brevets Greffe Soc D Grid for heater
CH445704A (en) * 1966-05-10 1967-10-31 Braendli Jakob Plant for incinerating waste, especially rubbish
FR2266856A1 (en) * 1974-04-05 1975-10-31 Schallert Friedrich Smokeless burner for wood coal and refuse - has inner chamber portioned into a charging shaft and combustion chamber(s)
EP0011586A1 (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-05-28 Humbert Marin Olmotti Method and apparatus for heating using liquid fuel, the apparatus being also usable for burning solid fuel

Family Cites Families (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE374576C (en) * 1923-04-26 Elie Joseph Vermeyen Continuous fire filling combustion, encased in a boiler, with discharge of the smoldering gases under the grate

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE347539C (en) * 1922-01-21 Frank Sche Eisenwerke G M B H Oven grate for fuels rich in gas and ash
DE540275C (en) * 1931-12-19 Vosswerke Akt Ges Slow-burning stove
US2096467A (en) * 1937-10-19 Heater
FR808783A (en) * 1935-11-05 1937-02-15 Fireplace generator with gasifier and burner device
FR882190A (en) * 1941-04-15 1943-05-20 Gas stove
US2528447A (en) * 1947-08-01 1950-10-31 Russel T Miles Reversible trash incinerator
DE817196C (en) * 1949-03-30 1951-10-15 Wagner Geb Steel boilers for the production of hot water or low-pressure steam, especially for central heating systems
FR1343025A (en) * 1962-10-13 1963-11-15 Mij Tot Exploitatie Van Limbur Improvements relating to the construction of stoves, ovens, central heating boilers or similar apparatus
FR1399739A (en) * 1964-04-10 1965-05-21 Brevets Greffe Soc D Grid for heater
CH445704A (en) * 1966-05-10 1967-10-31 Braendli Jakob Plant for incinerating waste, especially rubbish
FR2266856A1 (en) * 1974-04-05 1975-10-31 Schallert Friedrich Smokeless burner for wood coal and refuse - has inner chamber portioned into a charging shaft and combustion chamber(s)
EP0011586A1 (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-05-28 Humbert Marin Olmotti Method and apparatus for heating using liquid fuel, the apparatus being also usable for burning solid fuel

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2603686A1 (en) * 1986-09-05 1988-03-11 Olmotti Humbert Marin Universal heating apparatus
RU2465520C2 (en) * 2009-07-01 2012-10-27 Малая технологическая компания с ограниченной ответственностью "Политех" Combustion chamber of high-temperature burning for domestic stoves and kitchen cookers
ES2530318A1 (en) * 2015-01-29 2015-02-27 Pedro José PANADERO GÓMEZ Multipurpose stove (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
WO2016120506A1 (en) * 2015-01-29 2016-08-04 Pedro José Panadero Gómez Polyvalent stove

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0026150B1 (en) 1984-07-25
FR2465951A1 (en) 1981-03-27
FR2465951B1 (en) 1982-03-19
ATE8706T1 (en) 1984-08-15
DE3068693D1 (en) 1984-08-30

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