RU2460206C1 - Cascode microwave amplifier with low supply voltage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.

SUBSTANCE: cascode microwave amplifier with low supply voltage comprises an input "voltage-current" converter, the first and second output transistors, a dipole of a collector load, from the first to the third current-stabilising dipoles, a circuit of static mode stabilisation, a circuit of potentials displacement.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of using cascode amplifier supply voltage, creation of conditions, under which low-voltage microwave transistor of a technological process SGB25VD provide for slightly higher amplitudes of output voltage.

3 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering and communication and can be used as a device for amplifying analog microwave signals in the structure of analog microcircuits for various functional purposes (for example, broadband and selective amplifiers of the high and microwave ranges, implemented using the SGB25VD, SG25H1, SG25H2 technologies, SG13S1 et al.).

In modern microelectronics, classical cascode amplifiers (KUs) with a resistive load included in the collector circuit of an output transistor - a cascade with a common base are widely used [1-21].

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is KU, figure 1, according to the patent ES 2.079,397, fig.9.

A significant drawback of the well-known KU, the architecture of which is also present in many other cascode amplifiers [1-21], is that the supply voltage is inefficiently used for microwave SiGe technological processes, which negatively affects the range of the output voltage of the KU, In addition, KU-prototype due to the influence of stray capacitance on the substrate of the output transistor has relatively small values of the upper cutoff frequency (f _in ).

выходного напряжения (на 0,7÷0,8 B), чем в КУ-прототипе

, где

- напряжение положительного источника питания заявляемого устройства). Именно этот недостаток известных КУ не позволяет (в ряде случаев) использовать перспективные SiGe технологии для реализации СВЧ аналоговых микросхем, включающих «двухэтажные» (по числу эмиттерных переходов) конструкции каскодных усилителей.The main objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of use of the supply voltage KU - creating conditions under which low-voltage microwave transistors of the process technology SGB25VD, introduced in Russia, provide somewhat larger amplitudes

output voltage (0.7 ÷ 0.8 V) than in the KU prototype

where

- voltage of a positive power source of the claimed device). It is this drawback of the well-known KU that does not allow (in some cases) the use of promising SiGe technologies for the implementation of microwave analog circuits, including “two-story” (in terms of the number of emitter junctions) cascode amplifier designs.

An additional objective of the invention is the expansion of the range of operating frequencies of KU, implemented on the basis of SiGe technologies, which have great prospects in microwave electronics.

The tasks are solved in that in a cascode microwave amplifier with a low supply voltage, containing an input voltage-current converter 1 with current output 2, the first 3 output transistor, the collector of which is connected to the base of the second 4 output transistor and through a two-pole collector load 5 connected to the first 6 bus of the power source, the first 7 current-stabilizing bipolar connected between the emitter of the second 4 output transistor associated with the output 8 of the device, and the second 9 bus of the power source, stabilization circuit with static mode 10, connected with the base of the first 3 output transistor, and the collector of the second 4 output transistor connected to the first 6 bus of the power supply, new elements and connections are provided - the current output 2 of the input voltage-current converter 1 is connected to the emitter of the first 3 output transistor through the potential bias circuit 11 and is connected to the first 6 bus of the power source through the second 12 current-stabilizing bipolar, and between the emitter of the first 3 output transistor and the second 9 bus of the power source Tiy 13 current-stabilizing bipolar.

The amplifier circuit of the prototype is shown in figure 1. Figure 2 presents a diagram of the inventive device in accordance with claim 1, claim 3 of the formula: invention.

Figure 3 - 7 shows particular options for constructing the input Converter "voltage-current" 1.

On Fig shows a diagram of the inventive KU in the computer simulation environment Cadence on SiGe models of integrated transistors with a resistance R5 of the two-terminal collector load R5 = 1 kOhm.

Figure 9 presents: the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the circuit of Fig. 8 for different values of the correction capacitor 14 C ₁₄ = C _var = 0 ÷ 10 fF. From these graphs it follows that the claimed KU, in addition to a higher range of variation of the output voltage, has at C ₁₄ = 10 fF a higher range of operating frequencies (f _in = 33.1 GHz).

Figure 10 shows a diagram of the inventive KU in Cadence computer simulation environment on SiGe integrated transistor models with a collector load bipolar resistance (resistor) of R5 = 1 kOhm, shunted by stray capacitance C ₀ = 100 fF.

Figure 11 presents the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the circuit of figure 10 for different values of the capacitance of the first 14 correction capacitor C ₁₄ = 0 ÷ 100 fF. From these graphs it follows that the claimed KU, figure 10, in addition to a higher range of variation of the output voltage, with C ₁₄ = 100 fF has a wider range of operating frequencies (f _in = 6.0 GHz) with a constant gain of 20 dB .

On Fig shows a diagram of the inventive KU in the computer simulation environment Cadence on SiGe models of integrated transistors when performing a two-pole collector load 5 in the form of a 1 mA reference current source, shunted by a stray capacitance C ₀ = 100 fF.

On Fig presents the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the circuit of Fig.12 for different values of the capacitance of the first 14 correction capacitor C ₁₄ = C _var = 0 ÷ 150 fF. From these graphs it follows that the claimed KU, in addition to a higher range of variation of the output voltage, has at C ₁₄ = 1.50 fF a higher range of operating frequencies (f _in = 75.3 MHz instead of 24.9 MHz with a DC gain of 54 dB )

The cascode amplifier, figure 2, contains an input voltage-current converter 1 with a current output 2, a first 3 output transistor, the collector of which is connected to the base of the second 4 output transistor and is connected to the first 6 bus of the power source via a two-terminal collector load 5, the first 7 current-stabilizing two-terminal connected between the emitter of the second 4 output transistor connected to the output 8 of the device, and the second 9 bus power source, the stabilization circuit of the static mode 10 connected to the base of the first 3 output transistor pa, wherein the collector of the second output transistor 4 is connected to a first power source bus 6. The current output 2 of the input voltage-current converter 1 is connected to the emitter of the first 3 output transistor via a potential bias circuit 11 and is connected to the first 6 bus of the power supply through the second 12 current-stabilizing two-terminal, and between the emitter of the first 3 output transistor and the second 9 bus of the power source The third 13 current-stabilizing two-terminal device is included.

In figure 2, in accordance with claim 2 of the claims, the first 14 correction capacitor is introduced into the circuit, the first output of which is connected to the output of device 8, and the second output is connected by alternating current to the emitter of the first 3 output transistor, eliminating the influence of the potential bias circuit 11 on a partial characteristic of K _at .

In addition, in FIG. 2, in accordance with claim 3, between the current output 2 of the voltage-current input converter 1 and the emitter of the first 3 output transistor, a second 15 correction capacitor is included.

Particular options for constructing the input voltage-current converter 1 contain elements 19-22 (figure 3), elements 24-25 (figure 4), elements 26-28 (figure 5), elements 29-31 (figure 6 ), elements 32-34 (Fig.7).

Consider the operation of the remote control, figure 2,

и отрицательной

полярностей при использовании преобразователей «напряжение-ток», например, фиг.6 или фиг.7, удовлетворяют условию:The amplitude of the output voltage in the inventive KU, figure 2, for positive

and negative

the polarities when using the Converter "voltage-current", for example, Fig.6 or Fig.7, satisfy the condition:

,

,

- напряжение положительного источника питания;Where

- voltage of a positive power source;

E _c10 - potential bias circuit voltage 10.

. Если E_c=0, то

, что лучше, чем в КУ-прототипе с такими же преобразователями «напряжение-ток» 1.If E _{c10 is chosen} negative, then the maximum amplitudes of the output voltage with the corresponding construction of the potential bias circuit 11 will be greater than

. If E _c = 0, then

, which is better than in the KU prototype with the same voltage-current converters 1.

:In the high-frequency region, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the KU, Fig. 2, begins to be affected by the parasitic capacitance on the substrate 18 in the collector circuit of transistor 3 (C ₁₈ ≈100 fF), through which the variable component of the parasitic current flows

:

- комплекс тока через паразитный конденсатор 18;Where

- a complex of current through a stray capacitor 18;

- комплекс напряжения на коллекторе транзистора 3;

- voltage complex on the collector of transistor 3;

7 1

- комплексное сопротивление паразитного конденсатора 18 на частоте сигнала ω.

- the complex resistance of the parasitic capacitor 18 at the signal frequency ω.

The voltage u _k3 is transmitted through the transistor 4 to the output of the KU. Therefore, the complex output voltage and current through the first 14 correction capacitor:

,

,

- комплекс тока через первый 14 корректирующий конденсатор;Where

- a complex of current through the first 14 correction capacitor;

- комплекс сопротивления первого 14 корректирующего конденсатора.

- the resistance complex of the first 14 correction capacitor.

передается в эмиттер, а затем в коллектор транзистора 3. Поэтому в коллекторной цепи транзистора 3 (если C₁₄≈C₁₈), обеспечивается взаимная компенсация токов

и

.Current increment through capacitor 14

is transmitted to the emitter, and then to the collector of transistor 3. Therefore, in the collector circuit of transistor 3 (if C ₁₄ ≈C ₁₈ ), mutual compensation of currents is provided

and

.

Indeed, in a fairly wide range of frequencies in the circuit of figure 2 can

Ultimately, with C ₁₄ = C _{18, the} range of operating frequencies KU, figure 2, expands. This conclusion is confirmed by computer simulation (Fig.9, Fig.11, Fig.13).

Thus, the claimed circuitry solution is characterized by a higher range of operating frequencies and a wider dynamic range of changes in the output voltage at low voltage supply and the implementation of KU technologies SGB25VD, SG25H1, SG25H2, SG13S1, etc.

Literature

1. US patent No. 6.825.723, fig.3.

2. US patent No. 4.151.483, fig.2.

3. US patent No. 4.151.484.

4 .. US Patent No. 3,882,410, fig. 3.

5. Patent application WO 2004/030207.

6. US patent No. 4.021.749, fig.2.

7. US Patent No. 3,693.108, flg. 9.

8. US patent No. 7.113.043, fig.2.

9. US Patent Application 2006/0033562.

10. US Patent Application 2006/0132242.

11. US patent application 2006/0119435.

12. US Patent Application 2005/0248408.

13. US patent No. 6.204.728.

14. US Patent No. 6,278.329.

15. US patent application 2005/0225397.

16. US Patent No. 5,451.906.

17. US Patent No. 7,098.743, fig. 1.

18. British Patent GB No. 1431481, fig. 2.

19. US patent No. 6.515.547, fig.2.

20. Patent application US 2010/0283543, fig. 1.

21. Patent ES 2.079.397 T3, fig. 9.

Claims (3)

1. A cascode microwave amplifier with a low supply voltage, comprising an input voltage-current converter (1) with a current output (2), a first (3) output transistor, the collector of which is connected to the base of the second (4) output transistor and through a two-terminal device the collector load (5) is connected to the first (6) bus of the power source, the first (7) current-stabilizing two-terminal connected between the emitter of the second (4) output transistor connected to the output (8) of the device, and the second (9) bus of the power source, circuit stabilization of the static mode (10), communication the base of the first (3) output transistor, and the collector of the second (4) output transistor is connected to the first (6) bus of the power source, characterized in that the current output (2) of the voltage-current input converter (1) is connected to the emitter the first (3) output transistor through the potential bias circuit (11) and is connected to the first (6) power supply bus via a second (12) current-stabilizing two-terminal device, and a third is connected between the emitter of the first (3) output transistor and the second (9) power supply bus (13) current stabilizing two hpole. 2. A cascode microwave low voltage amplifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (14) correction capacitor is introduced into the circuit, the first output of which is connected to the output of the device (8), and the second output is connected by alternating current to the emitter of the first (3) output transistor. 3. A cascode microwave low voltage amplifier according to claim 2, characterized in that a second (15) correction capacitor is connected between the current output (2) of the voltage-current input converter and the emitter of the first (3) output transistor.

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