RU2453430C1 - Method to produce concrete items with relief decorative layer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, namely, to methods to produce concrete items with a relief decorative layer. The method to produce concrete items with a relief decorative layer includes preparation of a model of relief surface and its pouring with a concrete mixture, concrete mixture pouring is carried out in two stages. At first the decorative layer is laid onto the relief surface with moisture of up to 12%, consisting of white or colourful cement and a decorative filler, and is compacted by soft ramming. The main concrete layer is applied onto the decorative layer from a poured mixture.

EFFECT: invention will make it possible to increase durability of concrete items.

1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to construction, namely to the creation of concrete products with a decorative, architecturally expressive surface.

A known method of producing products with a relief surface by cutting it from natural stone (marble, granite). However, it is characterized by increased labor costs [1, p. 32-36].

There is also a method for producing concrete products with a relief surface by casting a decorative raw mix into molds (gypsum or polymer) in one layer. However, a smooth facade surface is formed; to create architectural expressiveness, additional processing is required (for example, painting), which is short-lived [2, p. 341-346].

The task is to obtain concrete products with a facade embossed decorative layer, which would have increased strength, durability, architectural expressiveness at reduced cost.

The essence of this method is to create two-layer products. The outer decorative layer of the product is made of a rigid mixture (humidity up to 12%) of a binder and decorative filler or a decorative binder and filler made of natural stone materials. The subsequent layer of the product is made of cast fine-grained mixture of concrete or mortar.

To solve the problem of obtaining concrete products with a relief decorative layer, a method for producing concrete products with a relief decorative layer is proposed, which includes preparing a model of a relief surface and pouring it with concrete mixture, while pouring is carried out in two layers: first, a decorative layer with a humidity of up to 12 is laid on the relief surface %, consisting of white or colored cement and decorative filler, and compacted with a soft rammer, and the main concrete layer of the cast mixture is applied to it.

The method is as follows.

1. Production of a model of a relief surface from a plastic material (clay, clay) and then on it the production of a gypsum mold by casting and then laying it on the bottom of the mold.

2. Preparation of a decorative molding mixture from a binder (white cement and pigment or decorative cement) with the addition of a decorative filler. Decorative filler is a mineral crumb with a diameter of 1-5 mm, obtained from natural rocks (marble, granite), or crumb from fused and colored secondary mineral resources (BMP); 1: 2.1: 3 ratio.

3. Moisturize the decorative mortar layer to 12% (when compressing the mixture in the palm of the hand, it should maintain integrity). Next, the mixture is laid out with a thickness of 1-2 cm on a gypsum embossed surface laid on the bottom of the mold, and compacted using a soft rammer (sand bag).

4. Next, the main concrete layer with high humidity (OK 15-18 cm) is poured into the mold and left until the set of strength characteristic of cement compositions is left.

5. After the formwork (lifting the product, detaching the gypsum embossed surface), the facade surface is washed with a stream of water to expose part of the decorative filler. Given the lack of water in the facade layer, it has low strength and crumbles, exposing the surface of the decorative filler. The contact layer between the main concrete layer and the decorative mortar finishing layer has increased strength due to good adhesion and penetration of part of the water from the main moving mass into the hard decorative mortar finishing layer.

Laboratory tests were performed. Beam samples (4 × 4 × 16 cm) were made of two layers: one layer — 2 cm — the same for both compositions and consists of a usual cement – sand mortar (1: 3). In both cases, the decorative layer was laid on a relief surface:

1 - a known method - a decorative layer of a mixture of colored cement and OK = 12-15 cm;

2 - a known method - a decorative layer of a mixture of colored cement and OK = 0 cm;

3 - the proposed method is the same composition, characterized by the rigidity of the decorative mixture (humidity up to 12%, OK = 0 cm); the mixture was laid on the relief surface of the mold with a layer of 1-2 cm and compacted with a soft rammer.

After laying the decorative layer, it was poured with the main working layer of cast fine-grained concrete or mortar with a mobility of OK up to 15 cm. After hardening under the same conditions, the products were released from the mold. The decorative relief surface was treated with a stream of water.

The results after hardening and water treatment are shown in the table:

Strength characteristics for all compositions are in the same intervals. The proposed method allows to obtain an architecturally expressive surface of products.

Information sources

1. Modern finishing and facing materials: Textbook. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2003 .-- 448 p.

2. Bazhenov Yu.M. Concrete technology / Yu.M. Bazhenov. - M .: Stroyizdat, 2006 .-- 462 p.

Claims (1)

A method of producing concrete products with a relief decorative layer, including preparing a model of a relief surface and pouring it with concrete mixture, characterized in that the pouring is carried out in two layers: first, a decorative layer with a moisture content of up to 12%, consisting of white or colored cement, is laid on the relief surface decorative filler, and compacted with a soft rammer, and the main concrete layer of the cast mixture is applied to it.