RU2439869C1 - Method to increase seed productivity and germinating capacity of seeds of hedysarum alpinum l - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular, to plant growing, and may find application when producing seeds of a medicinal plant - Alpine tick trefoil (Hedysarum alpinum L.). The method to increase seed productivity and germinating ability of Hedysarum alpinum L. seeds includes pre-sowing treatment and scarification. Further sowing is carried out into soil by means of cereal or vegetable seeding machines with space between rows equal to 60 cm. Soil is treated by mechanised equipment. Seeds are treated by soaking in 0.1% working solution of an agrobiological stimulant of efficient microorganisms. The stimulant is prepared from a microbiological preparation "Baikal EM-1" and nutrient medium "EM-treacle". Pre-sowing treatment of rows is carried out. Seeds are sown with even distribution of 100 seeds per one running metre. Depth of closing during sowing is 1-2 cm. Plants are watered on a weekly basis during the vegetation period before ripening of seeds. Watering frequency is seven days.

EFFECT: production of higher quality seeds.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the production of high quality seeds of a medicinal plant - Alpine penny (Hedysarum alpinum L.)

A known method of accelerated obtaining seedlings of seeds of agricultural crops (RF Patent 2144753, А01С 1/00, publ. 02.07.1998), which consists in accelerating the receipt of seedlings of agricultural crops, as well as increasing the mass and length of roots and seedlings. In the known method, pre-sowing treatment of seeds is carried out using an agent based on aqueous solutions of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidones (PVP) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%: PVP or PVA 0.075-0.00025, water - the rest. In this case, the seeds are treated with an aqueous solution of the method of semi-dry dressing at the rate of 10 l / t of seeds.

The disadvantages of this method is its use to stimulate the germination of wheat, a representative of the cereal family, which is characterized by an insufficient degree of embryo formation and therefore needs germination in various stimulants of chemical origin, as well as hormones. To stimulate the germination of seeds of Alpine penny, a representative of the legume family, this method is not applicable due to the presence of a special type of exogenous dormancy - hard seed. In addition, the described method has a narrow focus and an insufficiently wide spectrum of action.

A known method of accelerating the growth and increase of seed productivity of alfalfa (RF Patent No. 2221426, A01N 43/66, published January 20, 2004), which consists in accelerating the growth and increase of seed productivity of alfalfa by spraying with an aqueous solution an agent based on a double copolymer of acrylic acid amide and triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (SPAA) and salts of 2-diphenylamino-4,6-bis [4′-carboxylatomethylthio (X -)] - 1,3,5-triazine (Thioauxin-1) with X- = K +, Na +, NH4 +, in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%: SPAA 0.001-0.0001, Thioaxin-1 0.0025-0.00025, water the rest.

The disadvantage of this method is the use as a stimulant of germination and increase the productivity of alfalfa substances of a chemical nature, which is environmentally unsafe when used in the open ground, chemicals foreign to this ecosystem can adversely affect its various components and structural components. In addition, the described method has a narrow focus and is effective only in increasing the characteristics of seeds, seed productivity, regrowth after mowing, without having any significant effect on other important indicators, for example, improving soil fertility.

Known technology for the cultivation of Alpine penny (Kuznetsova E.I., Dytskova E.V., Zhuchenko A.A. "Environmentally friendly technology for the cultivation of Alpine penny)" Vestnik RGAZU 2008. No. 1, p. 36-37. (Http: // www .rgazu.ru / db / vestnic / 2008 / agronomiya / 3.htm), selected as a prototype. A known method is the environmentally friendly irrigation and the use of spirulina in fine irrigation with irrigation rate of 0.8 m ³ / ha, using a biostimulator selenium and spirulina, irrigate using a sprayer NPO "Rainbow" and sprinkler “OSH-0.6.” Spraying in different years depending on weather conditions is carried out in critical phases of plant growth: in the branching phase, in the budding phase and in the flowering phase.

The disadvantages of this method is its lack of effectiveness in increasing the germination rate of alpine penny seeds (up to 45%, field up to 38%), and the lack of effectiveness of the method in increasing seed productivity when using all stimulants, seed productivity does not exceed 4 kg / ha.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method of increasing seed productivity and germination of seeds of Hedysarum alpinum L. (Alpine penny) in order to increase seed productivity and quality of the resulting seeds.

The problem is solved in that the method of increasing the seed productivity of Alpine penny, like the prototype, involves pre-sowing seed treatment by scarification, differs from the prototype in that the treated seeds are treated with an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms prepared from the microbiological preparation Baikal EM-1 and nutrient environment "EM-molasses", as well as pre-sowing processing of rows for subsequent sowing of seeds is carried out with a uniform distribution of 100 pieces with seedlings per running meter, when sowing, the depth of planting is 1-2 cm, as well as with further weekly watering of plants during the growing season with a frequency of seven days.

Alpine penny Hedysarum alpinum L. is a valuable medicinal plant widely used in Tibetan, Chinese, and Far Eastern medicine in the treatment of colds of viral nature, heart diseases, chronic pulmonary diseases, atherosclerosis, and as a good painkiller. In the aerial part contains xanthon-mangiferin in the amount of 0.84-1.92%, isomangiferin - 0.05-0.07%. In official medicine, a drug from the aerial part of K. Alpine (Alpizarin) is used as an antiviral agent for acute and relapsing forms of herpes simplex. The high antiviral activity of mangiferin and isomangiferin was a prerequisite for the creation of a drug from K. alpine (based on threshed grass) - “alpizarin” (tablet) and “alpizarin” ointment 2% and 5%. These medications are used to treat herpes infections. Alpizarin is active against keratogenic dermatotropic strains of the herpes virus. Since the plant raw materials of penny are widely used for medical purposes, natural populations receive a high anthropogenic load. As a result of this situation, there is an urgent need for an introduction study of this plant and its introduction into culture. The objective of our study was to develop an effective way to increase seed productivity and seed quality, their germination, which is the main link in the formation of stable agropopulations of Hedysarum alpinum L.

To implement the inventive method, the scarification of seeds is carried out by mechanical action on the integument of seeds, violation of the moisture resistance of the seed coat in hard-seeded species, by lightly grinding the seeds with fine sandpaper. Scarified seeds are treated with an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms prepared from the microbiological preparation Baikal EM-1 and the nutrient medium EM-molasses. Determine the effect of the claimed method on the quality characteristics of the seeds, in particular their germination. Germination - the number of normally germinated seeds in the sample taken for analysis, expressed as a percentage, is determined by germinating the seeds, which is carried out in "Petri dishes", seeds are germinated in four replicates of 100 pieces each. As a bed in Petri dishes, filter paper moderately moistened is used. Overmoistening delays air access to germinating seeds; insufficient moisture - distortion of the results of the experiment. The distance between the seeds in the Petri dish is 0.5-1.0 cm, this is necessary to prevent the spread of infection. In laboratory conditions, seed germination is carried out during a daily inspection, removing all normally and not normally sprouted seeds. Normally germinated seeds (germinating) include seeds that have a developed root, not less than the length of the seed. Swelling seeds are considered to be irreducible, which at the time of the final determination of germination did not germinate, but have a healthy appearance; decayed seeds with soft decayed endosperm, decayed embryo with partially or completely decayed roots; hard seeds which, by the established term for determining germination capacity, remain swollen or do not change their original appearance. When determining soil germination, seeds with a norm of 100 pieces per running meter in four replicates are sown, when sowing, the depth of seeding is 1-2 cm, then the number of normally germinated seeds is daily counted, and germination percentage is determined after 30 days. In addition, pre-sowing treatment of rows with a working solution of an agrobiological stimulator is carried out, as well as further weekly watering of plants during the growing season, until the seed ripening phase, with a frequency of seven days. After the plants reach the generative phase of development, indicators of seed productivity are determined. The concept of seed productivity includes potential seed productivity (CAP) and real seed productivity (CAP). The concept of potential seed productivity was understood as the number of ovules per generative shoot. Real seed productivity is the number of full, ripened seeds per individual, generative shoot. The following are examples of specific embodiments of the invention.

Example 1. Alpine penny seeds, pre-prepared (freed from pericarp and scarified for 5 minutes with sandpaper No. 6/0), treated for 2 hours in 0.1% working solution of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms, which are prepared from microbiological the Baikal EM-1 preparation and the EM-molasses nutrient medium, are sown in soil, which is also prepared for sowing, spilling rows of 0.1% working solution. Seeds are sown in prepared meter rows with a seeding rate of 100 pieces per running meter, with a seeding depth of 1.0-1.5 cm, row spacing is 60 cm. The experiment was carried out on light gray forest soils of the experimental site of the Siberian Botanical Garden, which is located in southwestern part of the city of Tomsk. During the growing season, the soil was cultivated using mechanized equipment: Honda motoclock BCS 720 6.5. with wheels of 4.00-8, as well as for other cultivated crops grown on soils with a deep arable layer, contributing to the good development of the root system and aboveground mass, respectively. Throughout the growing season, developing plants were treated with a 0.1% working solution, applying the solution directly to the root. The frequency of the manipulations, regardless of weather conditions and water regime, was 7 days. Watering was carried out during the first and second years of plant life, ending the treatment of plants at the end of the growing season, at the time of seed maturation.

Example 2. Alpine penny seeds pre-prepared (freed from pericarp and scarified with sandpaper No. 6/0 for 1 minute) are treated for 2 hours in 0.1% working solution of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms, which is prepared from the microbiological preparation " Baikal EM-1 "and the nutrient medium" EM-molasses "are sown in soil, which is also prepared for sowing, spilling rows of 2% working solution. Seeds are sown in prepared meter rows with a seeding rate of 100 pieces per linear meter, with a seeding depth of 1.5-2.0 cm, row spacing is 60 cm. The experiment was carried out on meadow chernozem soils, an experimental section of the Siberian Botanical Garden, which is located in southwestern part of the city of Tomsk. During the growing season, standard measures were also taken for cultivating row-spacing and weeding rows using both the mechanized machinery of the Honda BCS 720 6.5 Motoblock. with wheels of 4.00-8, and manually. Throughout the growing season, a 0.1% working solution carried out root irrigation, applying the solution directly under the root of the developing plant. The frequency of the manipulations was weekly, regardless of weather conditions and water regime. Watering was carried out during only the first year of life, ending the treatment of plants at the end of the growing season, during the start of seed maturation.

Thus, the claimed invention has a number of advantages, in particular, the germination rate when using the Baikal EM agrobiological stimulator increases to 85-75% (compared to a control of 54-60%) when germinating seeds in a laboratory (Fig. 1. II) and when germinating seeds in open ground germination is 69-60% (compared with the control of 46-42%) (figure 1. I). Also, the claimed method significantly increases the seed productivity of individuals, expressed in terms of real and potential seed productivity, which was designed for one generative shoot (table). Potential seed productivity increases in the second year to 399-450 ovules (in comparison with a control of 280-260 ovules) and subsequently the ability of plants to realize this potential into seeds is reflected in the actual seed productivity, which amounted to 235-183 pcs., When using the stimulator and 190-145 pcs. in control. Individuals of three years old had from 1127-923 (control 903-756) ovules per generative shoot and sold them in 636-463 pcs. seeds (control 502-307). All differences are significant according to the student criterion, with a confidence level (P) of 0.05.

The viability of Hedysarum alpinum L. individuals was also determined using the inventive method, demonstrated by the percentage of young Hedysarum alpinum L. plants surviving towards the end of the growing season (Fig. 2). It was found that when using the inventive method, the percentage of surviving plants was 74% on meadow chernozem soil and 85% on light gray forest soil, compared to a control of 66-54%, respectively. The claimed method is first used for medicinal plants.

Meadow chernozem soil Light gray forest soil Seed productivity "Baikal" "The control" "Baikal" "The control" 2007 (individuals of two years) PSP 399.0 ± 17.9 280.0 ± 14.5 450 ± 13.9 260 ± 32.3 RSP 235.0 ± 23.0 190.6 ± 15.0 183.0 ± 23 145.0 ± 14 2008 (individuals of three years) PSP 1127.2 ± 27.0 903.8 ± 35.0 923 ± 21.6 756 ± 14.7 RSP 636.5 ± 42.0 502.0 ± 12.0 453 ± 9.0 370 ± 27.0

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the seed productivity and germination of seeds of Hedysarum alpinum L., including pre-sowing treatment and scarification, sowing into the ground with grain or vegetable seeders at 60 cm spacing, followed by tillage by mechanized technique, characterized in that the seeds are soaked in 0.1% the working solution of an agrobiological stimulator of effective microorganisms prepared from the microbiological preparation Baikal EM-1 and the nutrient medium EM-molasses, followed by pre-sowing treatment of rows s seeds is carried out with a uniform distribution of seeds 100 pieces per meter, when planting planting depth 2.1 cm, and with the further weekly watering plants during the growing period to the ripening of seeds at intervals of seven days.

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