RU2314674C2 - Potato cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, process for cultivation of food potato in open ground.

SUBSTANCE: method involves multiplying potato on the basis of best predecessors; providing pre-planting germination of tubers and biological early spring heating-through of soil; applying organic fertilizers; providing fall plowing of soil, harrowing or cultivation followed by moldboardless repeated plowing of soil; performing pre-planting treatment of tubers with biogenous stimulating agents and disease excitant inhibiting agents; planting tubers; performing interrow tillage procedures; controlling weeds at white-thread stage; providing additional planting of tubers at bud-formation period, with primary parent tubers being used as additional planting material, said tubers being separated from vegetating potato plants during bud-formation period. Said tubers are treated with biogenous stimulating agents (0.001%-aqueous solution of biopreparation Activator-A, biopreparation Diprin, biogenous stimulating agents Ribab or Symbiont in the same concentration), are vernalized in cool room (+12 C - +15 C, exposure time 6-10 days), and planted between bushes of used plot in an amount equivalent to that used during first planting procedure.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of potato planting procedure.

1 dwg, 1 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the technology of cultivation of ware potatoes in open ground.

The aim of the invention is to obtain a second crop due to the reuse of uterine potato tubers.

The invention can be used in the propagation of valuable varieties of potatoes, with the aim of increasing yields in individual homesteads and farms, in breeding nurseries of a healthy elite.

A known method of potato-free cultivation of potatoes, including placing plots according to the best predecessors, stubbing, applying organic fertilizers (rotted manure), autumn plowing a field, harrowing or cultivating, followed by non-mold plowing, cutting ridges before planting, pre-planting tubers with activators, planting in tubers with activators, planting interrow cultivation treatments, weed control at the white string stage, protection against diseases and pests using biological products and entomophages, and also pre-harvest removal of tops and harvesting tubers, and organic fertilizers are applied in a dose of 60-120 t / ha / Description to the patent of the Russian Federation 2041585, cl. АВВ 79/02, publ. August 20, 1995 /.

However, the above method of solution leaves open the question of a more rational use of land, which, in the face of an ever-increasing high cost of land, is becoming crucial.

A known method of potato cultivation, including the propagation of potatoes according to the best predecessors, seedlings pre-planting tubers, biological early spring heating of the soil, the application of organic fertilizers, autumn plowing, harrowing or cultivation, followed by non-mold plowing, cutting ridges before planting, pre-planting inhibitors of tuber diseases and biotemper inhibitors planting them in ridges, inter-row cultivation, weed control at the white string stage, with replanting during the bud period of the equivalent amount of tubers, pre-emergence hilling / Description to the patent of the Russian Federation 2199197, cl. A01B 79/02, A01G 1/00, publ. February 27, 2003 /.

However, when using the above method of potato cultivation, the shelf life of planted uterine tubers is extended, which is associated with the depletion of planting material, a fall in turgor, and the development of pathogenic processes inside the tubers.

In addition, twice as much planting material is consumed to obtain an additional crop. At the same time, the uterine tubers growing after planting in the soil have increased vitality and high reproductive potential, which is achieved through the exchange of hormones between the uterine tuber and the rejuvenated daughter potato bush. After isolation from the vegetative daughter bushes, the tubers after a short vernalization retain the ability to form new viable sprouts, and pre-presentation treatments with growth activators and pathogen inhibitors increase their viability and resistance to pests and diseases.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of cultivating potatoes, including the propagation of potatoes on the best predecessors, pre-seedling germination of tubers, biological early spring heating of the soil, the application of organic fertilizers, autumn tillage of the soil, harrowing or cultivation, followed by non-subsurface plowing of the soil, pre-seedling cultivation and inhibitors of pathogens, planting tubers, inter-row treatments, weed control on white thread adia and tubers replanting during budding, according to the invention, during the budding period from the growing potato bushes, the uterine tubers that form them are extracted, which are then treated with a 0.001% solution of biostimulants (ACTIVATOR-A, or DIPRIN, or SIMBIONT, or RIBAV, biological preparations concentration of 0.001%) and placed on additional germination in a cool (12-15 ° C) room for 6-10 days, after which they are planted between the bushes of the used plot in an amount equivalent to the first planting.

The ecologically safe preparations ACTIVATOR-A, DIPRIN, SIMBIONT-UNIVERSAL, RIBAV-M used, along with being bioimmunostimulants of the growth and development of the vegetative organs of potato plants (especially the root system), strengthen the mechanism of resistance of natural protective reactions to weather and parasitic stresses .

The authors conducted an experimental planting of potatoes of the Yubiley Zhukov variety on a plot of 1 ha (Table 1). 3 weeks after the emergence of potato seedlings during the budding period, the plot was divided into four equal plots (experimental variants) of 0.25 ha.

Example 1. From plot No. 1, the uterine tubers used during planting were singled out using a scalpel, the resulting wounds were treated with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. The isolated tubers were treated with a 0.001% solution of the Activator-A biostimulator, after which the original uterine tubers were placed in peat crumbs (low peat) in a cool room (12-15 ° C) for 10 days for additional germination (vernalization stage), after which planted between the bushes of the used plot in an amount equivalent to the number of vegetative potato bushes.

Example 2. From plot No. 2, the uterine tubers used during planting were singled out using a scalpel, the resulting wounds were treated with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. The separated tubers were treated with a 0.001% solution of the Ribav-M biostimulator, after which the original uterine tubers were placed in peat crumbs (low peat) in a cool room (12-15 ° C) for 10 days for additional germination (vernalization stage), after which planted between the bushes of the used plot in an amount equivalent to the number of vegetative potato bushes.

Example 3. From plot No. 3, the uterine tubers used during planting were singled out using a scalpel, the resulting wounds were treated with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. The separated tubers were treated with a 0.001% solution of the Diprin biostimulator, after which the original uterine tubers were placed in peat crumbs (low peat) in a cool room (12-15 ° C) for 10 days for additional germination (vernalization stage), after which they were planted between the bushes used plots in an amount equivalent to the number of vegetative potato bushes.

Example 4. From plot No. 4, the uterine tubers used during planting were singled out using a scalpel, the resulting wounds were treated with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. The separated tubers were treated with a 0.001% solution of the Symbiont-Universal biostimulator, after which the original uterine tubers were placed in peat crumb (low-lying peat) in a cool room (12-15 ° C) for 10 days for additional germination (vernalization stage), after which planted between the bushes of the used plot in an amount equivalent to the number of vegetative potato bushes.

As a result, identical positive results were obtained from four plots (respectively: 10,980 kg, 10,860, 11,200 and 10,960 kg of tubers) of only 44 tons of the second (additional) crop of tubers from the same unit of sown area without additional cost of planting material, and the crop after additional planting was 7 tons higher than the main one.

This method of potato cultivation significantly increases productivity in terms of the number of tubers consumed, with high additional efficiency (two crops from one generation of tubers in one season).

The use of the claimed invention will save planting material, increase the coefficient of reproduction of potatoes, increase the absolute increase in potato harvest, minus planting material.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. RF patent 2041585, cl. АВВ 79/02, publ. 08/20/1995 g.

2. RF patent 2199197, cl. АВВ 79/02, А01С 1/00, publ. 02/27/2003

Table 1
The effect of the reuse of uterine tubers on potato productivity, variety Yubiley Zhukova, site of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural and Organic Chemistry, 2004 No.
p / p Experience option Landing Budding Start Date Beginning of flowering Harvesting Tuber spent Harvest Net tuber increase t / ha one. Control (normal landing) 20.05 12.06 06/22 07/30 15.0 32.0 17.0 2. Experienced first landing 06/20 07/08 07/18 08/30 15.0 37.0 22.0 3. The second landing is experimental, using the uterine tubers of the first crop 07/20 12.08 08/28 10.10 - 44.0 44.0 Total Potato Experience 15.0 81.0 66.0

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating potatoes, including propagating potatoes on the best predecessors, pre-planting seedlings of tubers, biological early spring heating of the soil, applying organic fertilizers, autumn plowing, harrowing or cultivating, followed by non-stocking plowing of the soil, pre-planting tubers with biostimulants and disease inhibitors, inter-planting agents treatment, weed control at the white thread stage, replanting of tubers during budding, characterized I mean that as the material for replanting, primary uterine tubers are used, isolated from vegetative potato plants during the budding period, with the treatment of wounds formed by 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and isolated tubers after treatment with biostimulants, vernalization in a cool room, exposure for 6-10 days, planted between the potato bushes of the used plot in an amount equivalent to the first planting.

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