RU2437562C2 - Method for feeding minks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to feed additives for animals growing. The method is as follows: one daily feeds Baikal cedar flour (strained through a sieve with 0.25 mm holes size) in a dose of 100 mg/kg of mink live-weight gain to minks 45 prior to days before estrus beginning for parent flock females and during the 30 days preceding slaughter for slaughtering young stock.

EFFECT: invention allows to enhance live-weight gain and skin area.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to feed additives for growing animals.

There is a method of using additives prepared on the basis of chopped cedar needles in feeding minks, which consists in feeding milled cedar needles at a dose of 3 g per day for 120 days. The increase in live weight of female minks is 20.5%, and the number of large skins - 55.2% and medium - 44.8%. In addition, this method of feeding crushed pine needles to minks helps to reduce the defectiveness of the skins [1].

The disadvantages of the analogue are the duration of feeding and an increased dosage of chopped cedar needles.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method of using a biologically active stimulant of the drug "Ked", obtained from the husks of pine cones. The drug is introduced into the diet of mink at a dose of 5 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg of live weight with an interval of 10 days: first fed for 10 days, then take a break for 10 days and thus continue until the end of the business cycle [2].

The disadvantage of the prototype is the rhythm of feeding the drug "Ked" to the end of the economic cycle, which does not give a significant increase in the reproductive abilities of females.

In addition, a feed additive is currently known - Baikal cedar flour, for the production of which the waste remaining in the cedar fishery is used: flakes and cedar cones rods. To dry cedar wastes to a moisture level at which they can be ground into flour, a special installation of the vertical type with frequency-intermittent infrared irradiators was used. The selected operating modes of the installation with a certain level of power and wavelength of infrared irradiators allow maximum preservation of the amount of nutrients and macro- and microelements in cedar flour. Baikal cedar flour contains nutrients, as well as a large number of macro- and micronutrients, and is an environmentally friendly product and easily available in the regions of Siberia and the Far East (Epifanov A.D. dissertations for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. - Barnaul, 2002. - 19 p.).

The objective of the invention is to determine the optimal dose and timing of feeding the Baikal cedar flour obtained from the waste of cedar fishing, to improve the reproductive capabilities and productive qualities of minks.

The invention consists in the following. Before feeding, Baikal cedar flour is sieved through a sieve with a hole size of 0.25 mm, which creates a large active surface of the resulting particles and the possibility of absorption of toxic products by them, reducing the level of endogenous intoxication. Feeding Baikal cedar flour is carried out daily at a dose of 100 mg / kg of live weight of mink 45 days before the start of the rut for females of the parent herd and for 30 days before slaughter for slaughtered young animals. This helps to enhance sexual activity and increase the reproductive abilities of females, reduces the level of endogenous intoxication, increases the growth energy of young animals, leads to an increase in the area of the skin and its quality.

The invention is illustrated by the example of the use of Baikal cedar flour in feeding females of the parent herd and slaughtered young mink.

The optimal dosage of 100 mg / kg body weight was determined empirically. So, when using cedar flour at a dose of 50 mg / kg and 150 mg / kg of live weight and with other periods of feeding, the desired result was not achieved. Tables 1 and 2 show the dynamics of live weight of females of the parent herd and the reproductive ability of minks at different doses of cedar flour feeding.

Table 1 Dynamics of live weight of females of the parent herd of standard dark brown mink, depending on the dose of cedar flour Group Live weight at the beginning of the experiment Live weight at the end of the experiment Absolute increase, g Control 1107.6 ± 6.66 1127.6 ± 6.5b 20.0 ± 0.10 1 experimental group (50 mg / kg) 1117.4 ± 7.44 1152.0 ± 8.16 34.6 ± 0.72 2 experimental group (100 mg / kg) 1110.4 ± 8.36 1184.0 ± 14.62 73.6 ± 2.74 3 experimental group (150 mg / kg) 1116.0 ± 10.16 1133.75 ± 7.60 17.75 ± 2.56

table 2 Reproductive ability of females of the parent herd of minks, depending on the dose of cedar flour Indicators unit of measurement Mink groups Control 1st experienced 2nd experienced 3rd experienced The number of main females goals 25 25 25 25 Females fell to cover goals - - - one Covered with females goals 25 25 25 24 Missed Females goals one - - - NBR aborted goals one one - - Total females without offspring goals 2 one - one % 8.0 4.0 - 4.0 Happily married goals 23 24 25 24 % 92.0 96.0 100.0 96.0 Puppies were born: Total goals 140 152 171 159 including living goals 137 152 170 158 the dead goals 3 - one one % 2.14 - 0.59 0.63 Female fertility goals 6.09 ± 0.39 6.33 ± 0.34 6.84 ± 0.26 6.62 ± 0.31 Departure to registration goals 10 7 6 6 % 7.3 4.6 3,5 3.8 Total puppies registered goals 127 145 164 152 The output of young animals: on a whelping female goals 5.52 ± 0.38 6.04 ± 0.29 6.56 ± 0.26 6.33 ± 0.31 to the main female goals 5.08 ± 0.36 5.8 ± 0.28 6.56 ± 0.26 6.08 ± 0.30

Thus, a dosage of 100 mg / kg body weight is optimal to achieve a positive causal relationship in obtaining high production rates for the mink population.

The optimal feeding period of the Baikal cedar flour in addition to the main diet was also established experimentally. For this, out of 125 females of the parent flock of the standard dark brown mink, 5 analog groups (control and four experimental) of 25 animals each were formed. The control group of minks received a general diet (O.R.); The 1st experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received daily 100 mg / kg body weight of Baikal cedar flour (K.M.) for 75 days. before the rut; 2nd experimental group - O.R. + K.M. within 60 days; 3rd experimental group - O.R. + K.M. within 45 days; 4th experimental group - O.R. + K.M. within 30 days before the rush.

As a result of the experiment, it was found that the live weight in females of the experimental groups increased and amounted to 1140.6 ± 14.3 g in the 1st experimental group; in the 2nd experimental group 1165.4 ± 8.3 g; in the 3rd experimental group 1188.8 ± 10.35 g; in the 4th experimental group, 1179.8 ± 13.7 g. In the random period, the females of the experimental groups showed an increase in sexual activity, they earlier and more amicably came into the race, were more active in movement, made characteristic callsigns. In animals of the control group, the live weight at the end of the experiment is lower - 1137.5 ± 20.9, and they came to the gon later than the experimental ones. Feeding Baikal cedar flour had an impact on the development of mink hair. The females of the experimental groups had a more developed, thick, shiny, well-shed hair.

In addition, based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the additional introduction of Baikal cedar flour into the diet at a dose of 100 mg / kg live weight at different times (75, 60, 45 and 30 days before the start of the rut) has a beneficial effect on reproductive abilities females.

When applying Baikal cedar flour, the physiological state of minks improves, animals are better prepared for the run, the number of females who missed and aborted decreases. A more friendly puppy of minks of experimental groups was also noted. The fertility of females receiving Baikal cedar flour is slightly higher than in the control: control group - 6.25; 1st experienced - 6.26; 2nd experimental - 6.625; 3rd experienced - 6.72; 4th experienced - 6.50 goal.

When Baikal cedar flour is included in the diet of minks, the percentage of pre-registration young waste is significantly reduced: in the control group - 4.9%; in the 1st experimental - 3.5%; in the 2nd experimental - 3.9%; in the 3rd experimental - 3.6%; in the 4th experimental - 2.6%.

The best results were obtained by females of the 3rd experimental group who received Baikal cedar flour at the rate of 100 mg / kg live weight for 45 days before the start of the rut, as evidenced by the release of puppies as a whelping female (control group 5.80; 1st experimental - 6.0; 2nd experimental - 6.21; 3rd experimental - 6.36; 4th experimental - 6.29 goals), and the main female (control group - 4.64; 1- I am experienced - 5.52; 2nd experienced - 5.96; 3rd experienced - 6.36; 4th experienced - 6.04 goals.).

To determine the quality of the skin products, this method of applying the Baikal cedar flour was also used in the feeding of slaughtered young mink.

Five analogue groups of the slaughtered young of silver-blue mink (control and four experimental) of 25 animals each were formed. The control group of minks received the main diet; The 1st experimental group in addition to the main diet received daily 100 mg / kg body weight of Baikal cedar flour for 30 days. before slaughter; 2nd experimental group - O.R. + K.M. within 45 days; 3rd experimental group - O.R. + K.M. within 60 days; 4th experimental group - O.R. + K.M. within 75 days before slaughter.

The growth rate of young animals was controlled by weekly individual weighings and during slaughter. Then, absolute growth (g) and relative growth rate (%) were determined (Table 3).

Table 3 Absolute gain in live weight and relative growth rate of females of young silver-blue mink Groups The average live weight at the beginning of the experiment, g The average live weight at the end of the experiment (November 1), g Absolute increase, g Relative growth rate,% Control 832.8 ± 18.94 1166.6 ± 20.29 333.8 40.1 1st experienced (30 days) 831.6 ± 18.36 1241.2 ± 23.82 409.6 49.2 2nd experienced (45 days) 832.0 ± 20.19 1194.5 ± 20.96 362.5 43.6 3rd experienced (60 days) 831.2 ± 24.0 1208.4 ± 15.12 377.2 45.4 4th experienced (75 days) 830.4 ± 14.79 1183.5 ± 18.70 353.1 42.5

According to table 3, the highest absolute increase in live weight, relative growth rate and live weight at the time of slaughter were animals of the 1st experimental group who received Baikal cedar flour for 30 days before slaughter.

After slaughtering the young, the area of skins was determined and a merchandising assessment of the skins was carried out taking into account the quality of the hairline (Table 4).

To clarify the effect of Baikal cedar flour on the body and the productive qualities of young minks, a blood test was carried out reflecting some key metabolic pathways. To assess the level of endogenous intoxication associated with bacterial destruction of proteins in the digestive tract, the content of indican (potassium salt of indoxylsulfuric acid) was determined in the blood serum. The total effect of endogenous toxicants entering the bloodstream was measured spectrophotometrically by the concentration of medium-weight molecules (MSM), the content of which reflects the absorption of protein-free serum extract at 254 nm (Table 4).

Table 4 The effect of feeding Baikal cedar flour to young mink during a different period on the indicators of endogenous intoxication and the area of the skin Groups of animals The area of the skin, sq. decimeter Indican, micromol / l MSM, E value at 254 nm The control 8.18 ± 0.18 2.85 ± 0.16 0.339 ± 0.008 Cedar flour: 30 days 9.10 ± 0.06 2.18 ± 0.11 0.246 ± 0.009 45 days 8.56 ± 0.20 2.06 ± 0.11 0.258 ± 0.006 60 days 8.92 ± 0.10 2.23 ± 0.10 0.253 ± 0.011 75 days 8.3 ± 0.18 2.14 ± 0.13 0.274 ± 0.014

According to the results of table 4, the content of indican in the blood serum of animals of all experimental groups is on average 25% lower than the same indicator in the control group (P <0.01). Similar changes in these series are also observed when determining the concentration of MSM in serum: the content of these markers of endogenous intoxication also decreases on average in the experimental groups by 24% compared with the control value.

The positive properties of Baikal cedar flour in the feeding of minks are associated not only with the chemical composition, but also with its sorbent characteristics, which is due to the huge active surface of the resulting particles and the possibility of their absorption of toxic products formed during decay of proteins in the large intestine. To do this, before feeding the flour is sieved through a sieve with a hole size of 0.25 mm.

The binding of the products of the destruction of amino acids by the surface-active particles of Baikal cedar flour and the excretion of these complexes with feces reduces the load on the detoxification function of the liver, which ultimately has a hepatotropic effect and increases the adaptive capacity of the animal. This, in turn, has a more pronounced anabolic effect of the feed components, which is accompanied by an increase in the animal's live weight and the area of its skin.

The duration of adding Baikal cedar flour to young minks ambiguously affects the size of the skin area. So, the greatest effect is observed when this additive is fed for 30 days and 60 days, and when Baikal cedar flour is added to food for 45 and 75 days, the increase in the skin area in animals is not statistically significant (significance level by Fisher's criterion P> 0.05) in comparison with the value of the control level. It is important to note that animal skins obtained by feeding Baikal cedar flour for 30 days, compared with skins of other groups, including the control, were of higher quality (Table 5).

Table 5 The size and quality of the skins of experimental young mink Indicator Mink group Control 1st experienced 2nd experienced 3rd experienced 4th experienced Number of skins, pcs. 22 25 24 25 23 The average area of skins, dm ² 8.18 ± 0.18 9.1 ± 0.06 8.56 ± 0.20 8.92 ± 0.10 8.3 ± 0.18 Sizes,%: Extra Large A + B 36 96 63 76 48 Large 59 four 29th 24 48 Medium 5 - 8 - four Defect-free 45 64 58 60 52 Minor defect 41 28 29th 32 thirty Average defect 9 8 13 8 13 Big defect 5 - - - 5 Set off by size,% 106,4 119.2 110.8 115,2 108.7 Quality test,% 91.4 95.2 93.9 94.8 91.5

An analysis of the results suggests that the practical use of this method of using Baikal cedar flour as a valuable feed additive at a dose of 100 mg / kg live weight of the animal daily 45 days before the start of the rut for females of the parent herd and for slaughtered young animals within 30 days before slaughter helps to enhance sexual activity and increase the reproductive abilities of females, reduces the level of endogenous intoxication, increases the growth energy of young animals, which leads to an increase in the skin area its quality.

Information sources

1. Repyakh S.M., Levin E.D. Feed additives from woody greens. - M .: Forest. industry, 1988. - P.24-45.

2. Patent RU 2138160, 6 A01K 67/02, A61K 35/78, 08.06.98, - the prototype.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding minks, including feeding a biologically active preparation, characterized in that Baikal cedar flour is fed as a biologically active preparation, which is sieved through a sieve with a hole size of 0.25 mm and fed daily at a dose of 100 mg / kg live weight of mink days before the start of the rut for females of the parent herd and within 30 days before slaughter for slaughtered young animals.