RU2322080C2 - Method for feeding of fur-producing animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feeding of fur-producing animals.

SUBSTANCE: method involves introducing feed additive Betafin having 96%-content of betaine in dose of 125-250 mg per animal per day with week courses from August to October.

EFFECT: improved quality of fur skin.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry and can be used for feeding animals.

A known method of feeding minks, including the introduction into the diet of a drug - a betaine derivative of carnitine chloride as a biologically active substance that helps to increase the productive qualities of animals. Its chemical formula:

The supplement is carried out daily in an amount of 50 mg per head per day, from July to slaughter. However, the resulting effect is insufficient in the productivity of mink pelts (males) both in size (%) and in quality (%): 116.3 and 88.9, respectively (and in the control 112.6 and 79.2) (Kvartnikova EG, Rapoport OL Application of carnitine chloride to accelerate the growth of young minks. Feeding and breeding of fur-bearing animals and rabbits // Collection of scientific papers, volume 33, M., 1986, p.4).

It is also known biologically active substance - betaine in the form of a feed additive - "Betafin".

Betafin contains 96% betaine, which is a derivative of the amino acid glycine. Its chemical formula:

Betaine is a naturally occurring substance that can be found in all living organisms and in many plants in which it acts as an osmolyte, holding water in the cell during stresses of various nature. There are three methyl groups in the betaine molecule that are necessary for a number of key metabolic processes. The addition of a methyl group (methylation) is an essential step in the most important biochemical reactions. The most common methyl donors for animals are methionine and choline chloride obtained by chemical synthesis.

Introducing betaine, a natural methyl donor, limits the use of these synthetic sources of methyl groups. The source of betaine production by the body is choline, which, when fed into the animal’s body, undergoes dehydrogenation and turns into betaine, and betaine, in turn, transfers one methyl group in the course of the formation of methionine from homocysteine. And the introduction of betaine with feed will allow more economical use of methionine and choline in the metabolic processes, reducing the dependence of the animal's needs on their content in the diet.

It is known that in August-October, the need for young minks increases in methionine (for the formation of winter pubescence) and choline (for the prevention of liver dystrophy with a high level of fat in the diet). And, taking into account the biochemical effect of betaine contained in the Betafin feed supplement, it can be assumed that introducing it into the diet of animals during this period will ensure their need for methionine and choline, which will positively affect the productive indicators of animals.

Betafin is successfully used abroad in poultry and pig farming as an additive to animal feed. Foreign sources confirm the positive effect of the drug on the growth of chickens and piglets. According to these sources (Bjorkoy, 1991, Haussinger, 1996 and others), Betafin reduces energy costs for osmoregulation, normalizes bowel function, and stimulates the absorption of fats. Betafin was also tested in Russia in poultry farming (A. Gilevich, 2000), cattle breeding (A. Golovin, 2002) and positive results were obtained.

Due to its properties, significant economic return, as well as the fact that, unlike many modern feed additives, betaine is a natural plant product, it is widely used. However, the effect of betaine on the quality of pelted products has not been studied previously.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the skin products of cage fur animals.

This goal is achieved by the fact that betaine is used as a biologically active substance, which is introduced into the diet of mink at a dose of 250 mg per head per day for 7 days, with a weekly break, from August 21 to October 1, in particular in the form of a Betafin feed additive .

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1. The first experiment was conducted on slaughter young growth of wild-type brown mink (males) during the maturation period of the hairline (August-October). Groups of animals were formed by the method of pair-analogues taking into account the age and body weight at the beginning of the experiment. Animals were kept in similar conditions on a typical diet.

The addition of biologically active substances was carried out as follows. Betafin was poured with a small amount of tap water until a homogeneous mass was formed. The resulting homogenate was introduced into the finished feed mixture and mixed thoroughly.

To determine the biological effect of the additive on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the skin, several dosages were tested. The first group was the control, that is, did not receive supplements, the second group received 500 mg of Betafin per head daily, the third - 250 mg per head daily, the fourth received 500 mg in 10-day courses, every 10 days. The experiment was conducted from August 21 to October 1. Each group consisted of 50 males. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Indicators Group, Betafin Dose, Course 1 control 2-500 mg per goal., Weekly. 3-250 mg per goal., Weekly. 4-500 mg per goal., 10 days. Live weight (g) at: 06/15. 550 ± 12 551 ± 10 556 ± 11 565 ± 10 30.10 2478 ± 31 2436 ± 47 2554 ± 39 2595 ± 32 The area of the skin, dm ² 10.9 ± 0.39 10.9 ± 0.14 11.1 ± 10.9 10.9 ± 13.3 * OK A + B,% 67.7 54.8 84.2 77.8 Set off by size,% 115.3 ± 2.0 115.5 ± 2.6 122.0 ± 1.9 120.1 ± 2.1 Quality test,% 108.1 ± 2.8 109.5 ± 2.8 114.0 ± 2.9 111.9 ± 3.04 * OK A + B,% - the number of skins of especially large size, the length of which is equal to or greater than 65 cm.

From table 1 it is seen that by slaughter the largest animals were in groups 3 and 4. Their body weight exceeded this indicator in animals of the control group: 2554 g and 2595 g versus 2478 g. These same groups are characterized by the best quantitative (area, offset by size) and qualitative (offset by quality) indicators of skins. A comparative analysis of the data of these groups revealed the advantage of the third in all respects.

These data served as the basis for the assumption that the most acceptable dose of Betafin for young minks is 250 mg per head per day.

Example 2. The second scientific and economic experiment was carried out on slaughter young minks. During the period when young animals were deposited from females, 3 groups of male counterparts were formed by origin, age, and live weight. The first group - the control (without Betafin), the second received 250 mg per head daily, the third - 250 mg per head in weekly courses. All animals were fed according to existing standards (N.Sh. Pereldik et al. 1987) and according to a single diet. Betafin was added to the finished feed mixture and mixed thoroughly with it. The experiment lasted from August 21 to October 5 (45 days). Each group consisted of 40 animals. The results are shown in table 2.

table 2 Indicators Group, Betafin Dose, Course 1 - control 2 - 250 mg, weekly 3 - 250 mg, 6-7 days Live weight (g) at: 1.07. 810 ± 19 812 ± 16 781 ± 28 1.10 218b ± 51 2168 ± 42 2233 ± 43 OK A + B,% 42.9 48.6 56.7 The area of the skin, dm ² 10.2 ± 0.19 10.6 ± 0.10 10.4 ± 0.14 Set off by size,% 110.7 ± 2.5 110.5 ± 1.9 113.8 ± 2.4 Quality test,% 82.2 ± 5.0 88.2 ± 2.0 96.5 ± 3.4

The results of the second experiment are consistent with the data obtained in the first experiment. From table 2 it is seen that the inclusion of Betafin in the feed mixture of slaughtered young minks during the formation of hairline (late August-early October) at a dose of 250 mg per head helps to increase the credit for the quality of the skins (in comparison with the control) by 6.0-14, 3% (P <0.05).

A comparative analysis of these experimental groups allowed us to conclude that it is most physiological and advisable to prescribe Betafin in weekly courses, since the continuous additional injection of betaine into the animal's body inhibits the biosynthesis of endogenous betaine (Franko O.L., Melo F.R. Osmoprotectors: plant response to osmotic stress // Plant Physiology, p. 152-159, 2000).

Example 3. The third scientific and economic experiment was carried out on slaughter young minks. 2 groups of male counterparts were formed by body weight, origin and date of birth of 50 animals each.

The first group was the control (Betafin did not receive), the second group received Betafin 125 mg per head per day with weekly courses with food. The experiment was conducted from August 20 to October 2. The research results are shown in table 3.

Table 3 Indicators Group, Betafin Dose, Course 1 - control 2 - 125 mg per goal., 7 days Live weight (g) at: 08/13 1655 ± 33 1630 ± 27 10/4. 2036 ± 54 2093 ± 44 11/01. 1742 ± 48 1925 ± 46 The area of skins, dm ² 10.7 ± 0.2 11.6 ± 0.2 OK A + B,% 75.6 83.0 Set off by size,% 120.7 ± 2.0 123.6 ± 1.9 Quality test,% 92.5 ± 3.0 100.7 ± 3.1

Table 3 shows that the introduction of Betafin into the diet of young minks during the formation of hair at a dose of 125 mg per head per day in weekly courses provides an increase (in comparison with the control) of the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the skin: the number of especially large skins and the area of skins increase 7.4 and 0.92 dm, respectively. At the same time, quality classification - a unifying (final) indicator characterizing the skin, increases by only 8.2%.

From the above it follows that the best dose of Betafin is 250 mg / goal. per day, in weekly courses, as indicated by differences in the values of the set-off indicator for the quality of the skins between the control and experimental groups in all three experiments.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding fur animals, including the introduction of a biologically active substance into the feed ration, characterized in that Betafine feed additive with a content of 96% betaine is introduced into the main diet as a biologically active substance, at a dose of 125-250 mg per head per day, in weekly courses, hair formation period, from August to October.