RU2433742C2 - Green fodder preservation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used in fodder production. One proposes a green fodder preservation method involving mixing green mass of corn and sunflower at a ratio of 1:1, introduction of a preserving agent -represented by anolyte of a water solution of sodium glycinate at a concentration of 8-10 g/l after electrochemical activation using a STEL- type installation at current density 100-300 A/m² in continuous flow mode at a temperature of 20-30°C, current strength 1.0-2.0 A, at rate of continuous flow of anolyte and catholyte 3-5 l/hr and sodium chloride at a rate of 12-16 g and 4-6 g (accordingly) per 1 kg of initial green mass.

EFFECT: method allows to enhance environmental safety, improve the technology and extend the range of the ready product quality indicators.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the production of feed.

Conservation of green feed is widely used in feed production to reduce nutrient loss.

The high efficiency of the conservation of green feeds of high humidity was identified with the use of mineral, organic acids and their mixtures [1]. Due to their high cost, corrosiveness and toxicity, their use is limited.

It is known to use alkali metal salts, for example: sodium salts as preservatives [1].

One of the currently progressive methods are methods for producing preservatives by electrochemical activation (ECA) of water and dilute aqueous solutions of alkali metal salts.

There is evidence that in Ukraine, anolyte (a fraction of an electrochemically activated solution of sodium chloride) was used to silage the green mass of corn plants at the rate of 17-18 l per 1 ton, while 75% of lactic acid is saved, the cost of expensive preservatives is reduced [2] .

A method for preserving the green mass of plants by treating it with a solution of sodium chloride with a concentration of 7-9 g / l after ECA in the anode chamber of an electrolyzer with graphite electrodes at a current strength of 5-10 A (current density of 300-500 A / m ² ) and a voltage of 30 -40 For a duration of 25 minutes. Anolyte consumption of 15 g per 1 kg of green mass.

Anolyte had the following quality indicators:

pH 2.0-2.5, redox potential (ORP) relative to the silver chloride reference electrode 1000-1150 mV. The treatment was subjected to a green mass of clover, alfalfa, cereal crops. At the same time, the content of crude protein in the silo was 0.4-1.5% higher than when siloing without a preservative [3].

The disadvantages of the process are the frequency of the ECA process, insufficient resistance of graphite anodes.

A known method of preserving green plants of cereal crops (winter wheat), including grinding raw materials, treatment with anolyte formed in the diaphragm electrolyzer during ECA of a solution of sodium chloride with a concentration of 4-6 g / l in flow mode on a STEL-type plant. ECA was carried out at an anolyte and catholyte flow rate of 4.5-5.5 l / h at a temperature of 20-30 ° C, at a current strength of 2-3 A (current density at the electrode 300-500 A / m ² ). Anolyte consumption of 12 g per 1 kg of green mass, the energy consumption was 2.1 kW / h per 1 m ^{3 of} anolyte [4].

At the STEL type installation with a vertical type electrolyzer, the necessary flow rate of anolyte and catholyte was ensured with the production of anolyte with a pH of 2.5-3.0 and an ORP of 1000-1100 mV and an oxidant content calculated on active chlorine of up to 100 mg / l. When preserving the green mass of winter wheat and storage for 40 days, the silo of the following quality with natural humidity was obtained (see table 1).

Table 1 ECA Anolyte Option Content% Moisture,% Crude protein,% Crude ash,% Crude fat,% The amount of organic acids,% Anolyte 79.4 4.2 1.4 1,2 5,0

The disadvantages of the method: a sharp annoying smell of anolyte, worsening the environmental safety of the process, the complexity of the technology due to the need to dispose of the processed fractions of ECA solutions, the possibility of the formation of organochlorine compounds toxic to humans (for example, chloroform), a narrow range of silage quality.

The technical result - improving environmental safety, improving technology, expanding the range of quality indicators of finished products.

This is achieved by the fact that as the feedstock used a mixture of green mass of corn and sunflower in a mass ratio of 1: 1. The green mass of corn, as you know, has an underestimated content of protein, fat, macro - and micronutrients. When mixing it with the green mass of sunflower, the mixture was enriched with fat, calcium, phosphorus and trace elements. An ECA anolyte of an aqueous solution of glycine or its sodium salt with an initial concentration of 8-10 g / l and sodium chloride were used as a preservative. It is advisable to use a stock solution of glycine salt, as it has a higher electrical conductivity, which reduces the voltage on the cell and the energy consumption of the ECA of sodium glycinate solution was carried out on a STEL-type installation (manufacturer of NPO Ekran, Moscow), which included a vertical electrolyzer with a titanium cathode and a titanium anode coated with a mixture of oxides titanium and ruthenium (ORTA). The area of the electrodes was 50 and 80 cm ² .

ECA was performed in a flow mode with anolyte and catholyte flow rate of 3-5 l / h at a temperature of 30-30 ° С, current strength of 1.0-2.0 A (current density on electrodes of various surfaces 100-300 A / m ² ) . The anolyte had the following quality indicators: pH 7.8-8.5, redox potential (ORP) (relative to the silver chloride reference electrode) + 25- + 50 mV, the content of oxidants per active oxygen 2-5 mg / L. After storage at a temperature of 15-20 ° C for 3-4 weeks, the quality indicators remained virtually unchanged. Anolyte consumption is 12-16 g and sodium chloride 4-6 g per 1 kg of feedstock. The preservative contained a nitrogenous compound (sodium glycinate), which allows silage to be enriched with protein. During the ECA of sodium glycinate solution, the formation of oxidants and active particles - glycine-based peroxide compounds in the anode chamber of the electrolyzer, as well as the formation of atomic oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, radicals and other substances with fungicidal and bactericidal properties. These substances inhibited the development of harmful microflora, but did not interfere with lactic acid fermentation. Sodium chloride as a flavoring agent contributed to better silage eating by animals.

The preservative did not have an irritating odor; during storage, the indicated oxidants and active particles decomposed gradually into harmless compounds, and toxic organochlorine compounds did not form due to the absence of chlorine.

The initial green mass of corn and sunflower was crushed, loaded into a container layer by layer, treated with a preservative, compacted, sealed and stored.

At the same time, silage was laid without a preservative.

After 70 days, the containers were opened and zootechnical analysis of the silos was carried out, a high-quality silo of a dark green color with a preserved structure and quality indicators was obtained (see Table 2).

table 2 Option Content% Moisture,% Crude protein,% Crude fat,% Crude fiber,% Crude ash,% Phosphorus,% Calcium% The amount of organic acids,% Silo without preservative (control) 80-82 2.2-2.5 0.7-0.8 5.0-5.4 2.0-2.5 0.03-0.04 0.21-0.22 1.8-2.5 Silo with preservative 81-82 3.0-3.5 0.5-0.7 5.0-5.4 2.0-2.7 0.05-0.07 0.30-0.33 3.0-3.5

Compared to the control, silage with a preservative had a higher content of protein, phosphorus, calcium, and organic acids.

Example 1. On a STEL-type installation, for example STEL-MT1, an ECA of an aqueous solution of sodium glycinate with a pH of 8.8 was carried out at a concentration of 9 g / l at a temperature of 20-30 ° C at a current strength of 1.2 A (current density 100-180 A / m ² ) at anolyte flow rates of 4 l / h, catholyte 4 l / h to obtain anolyte of the following quality: pH 8.4, ORP + 35 mV, active oxygen content 3 mg / l. After stabilization for 2 weeks of storage at a temperature of 15 ° C, the quality indicators have not changed.

Example 2. The container was loaded with crushed green mass of corn with sunflower in a ratio of 1: 1 in layers, treated with anolyte and sodium chloride with a flow rate of 14.5 g and 5.2 g per 1 kg of raw material, respectively, compacted, sealed and stored. In parallel received a silo without a preservative.

After 70 days of storage, the containers were opened and zootechnical analysis of the silos was carried out, a high-quality silo of a dark green color was obtained with preservation of the structure and quality indicators (see table 3).

Table 3 Option Content% Moisture,% Crude protein,% Crude fat,% Crude fiber,% Crude ash,% Phosphorus,% Calcium% The amount of organic acids,% Silo without preservative 81.5 2.5 0.7 5,4 2.0 0,039 0.22 2.0 Silo with preservative 81.0 3.3 0.6 5.2 2,3 0,060 0.32 3,5

Changing the parameters of ECA and canning led to a decrease in the efficiency of the process.

Thus, the proposed method allows to increase the environmental safety of the process, simplify the technology, expand the range of quality indicators of silos (from 5 to 8).

Information sources

1. Zafren S.Ya. Technology for the preparation of feed. - M .: Kolos, 1977 .-- P.135.

2. Alekhin S.A., Kulik M.V. Electroactivated aqueous solutions // Electronic processing of materials. - 1991. - No. 6. - S. 68.

3. Auth. Testimonial. USSR №141095, 1984 A23K ^_3/00.

4. Pat.RF №2332855, 2007 A23K ^_3/00.

Claims (1)

A method of preserving green feed, including grinding the original green mass, introducing into it a preservative based on anolyte of an aqueous solution of sodium salt, compacting, sealing and storing, characterized in that a mixture of green mass of corn and sunflower in a mass ratio of 1: 1 is used as feedstock , anolyte obtained by electrochemical activation of a solution of sodium glycinate salt with a concentration of 8-10 g / l is used as a preservative in an STEL-type installation at a current density of 100-300 A / m ² in flow mode with the flow rate of the anolyte and catholyte is 3-5 l / h with a current strength of 1.0-2.0 A and sodium chloride with a flow rate of 12-16 g and 4-6 g, respectively, per 1 kg of the initial green mass.