RU2407569C1 - Fire-extinguishing aerosol generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to fire prevention, more specifically to fire-extinguishing installations using gas-aerosol flame retardants generated by pyrotechnic block combustion and supplied to a protected space in an orderly way, preferentially by water crafts and transport vehicles. The generator contains coaxial case and pyrotechnical block fixed in flooring cement layers with an in-between annular reversible heat exchanger formed by two perforated metal envelopes with an internal one being matched with a receiver; and an ignition assembly adjoining a free end face of the block, and an outlet cover. The ignition assemble is integrated in a median slot from an open end face of the block which is enclosed in a polymer film casing and rests through a foam plastic spacer on a rod mounted in the diametrical perforations of an inferior envelope of the heat exchanger bearing longitudinal edges for the block diametre, while the case comprises a bearing bracket wherein ignition assembly telecommunication clamps are fixed.

EFFECT: ensured higher functional reliability and efficacy of the generator of more simple and technological design and expanded range of use thereof.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, and more particularly to devices for extinguishing fires by means of checkers of gas-aerosol combustion inhibitors generated during combustion of a pyrotechnic composition, organized in an organized manner in a protected volume, mainly on ships and vehicles.

The level of this technical field characterizes the device for volumetric aerosol fire extinguishing according to the patent RU 2164808, A62C 13/22, 2001, which contains an initiation unit (ignition) of the pyrotechnic checker mounted with a gap in a metal case equipped with communication openings for communication with a reversible annular channel a casing closed with a cover with outlet openings, a heat exchanger and a receiver.

The heat exchanger is made in the form of an external perforated shell relative to the housing, reinforced coaxially to the checker in the casing through a layer of building gypsum, which also fills the gap between the checker and the housing combined with the receiver.

Communication holes are made on the side of the receiver.

The device is characterized by increased productivity of generating combustion inhibitors and high cooling efficiency of the extinguishing mixture products inside the device, therefore it is intended for manual use.

The disadvantage of the described device is the ballast mass of gypsum due to the relatively long receiver.

In addition, this extinguishing aerosol generator is explosion-proof when used in rooms with technological suspensions and volatile substances that penetrate inside, where they are concentrated. When the ignition unit is triggered for this reason, an explosion and destruction of a device that does not perform fire protection functions, but, moreover, is a serious additional source of ignition with fragmentation damage, occurs.

More perfect is a fire extinguishing aerosol generator according to patent RU 2237502, A62C 3/10, 2004, which is selected by technical essence and the number of matching features as the closest analogue to the proposed one.

The known generator contains a coaxially mounted housing and a pyrotechnic block fixed in a layer of gypsum gypsum, between which there is an annular reversible heat exchanger formed by two perforated metal shells, the inner of which is combined with a receiver equipped with a shielded dish-shaped guide for reversing gaseous products of combustion and protecting the bottom from direct actions.

A support diaphragm is fixed between the cover and the housing, on which the inner shell of the heat exchanger with a functional checker is suspended.

The outlet openings of the cover are offset relative to the diaphragm windows that are overlapped by the membrane, which ensures the tightness and explosion safety of the generator. The windows in the diaphragm additionally divide the general gas-aerosol stream into autonomous jets, which are more actively mixed and cooled under the lid.

The gap between the outer shell of the heat exchanger and the casing is filled for thermal insulation with gypsum, which is the supporting structural element.

This generator is characterized by compactness and structural rigidity.

However, it is necessary to note the following disadvantages inherent in the known generator.

The complexity of the design due to special means of isolating the internal volume of the generator from penetration to the pyrotechnic block and the ignition unit of atmospheric moisture for operation on sea and river vessels.

Limitations of the scope of use of the generator under vibration and transport shaking due to insufficient adhesion of the pyrotechnic checker to the heat-insulating layer of the receiver shell to prevent the displacement of a mechanically not fixed checker into the receiver.

At the same time, the issue of installing the generator in a secure room has not been structurally resolved, which requires additional fasteners, increasing the consumer cost of technological work on fire protection of various rooms.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to increase the functional reliability of a universal fire extinguishing aerosol generator of a simpler design.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known fire extinguishing aerosol generator, comprising a housing and a pyrotechnic block coaxially mounted and fixed in heat-protective layers of building gypsum, between which there is an annular reversible heat exchanger formed by two perforated metal shells, the inside of which is combined with the receiver an ignition unit adjacent to the free end of the checker, and a cover with outlet openings, according to the invention, an ignition unit The assembly is mounted in the central groove from the side of the open end of the checker, which is placed in a polymer film cover and rests through a foam pad on a rod mounted in diametrical perforations of the inner shell of the heat exchanger, bearing longitudinal ribs under the diameter of the checker, and a bearing bracket is fixed on the body, where the terminals are installed telecommunications with the ignition unit, and the bracket is mounted on two diametrically located bolts mounted in a heat-protective layer of the housing.

Distinctive features provided an increase in the functional reliability and efficiency of the generator more simple and technological design while expanding the scope of its use.

The installation of the ignition unit in the central groove from the side of the free end of the pyrotechnic block created a constructive unity of the functional and initiating elements, which are used as a monolith in the device when interconnected with other structural elements of the generator, in particular, the support rod and receiver.

The electrical connection of the ignition unit with the terminals mounted on the support bracket, which is mounted on the generator housing, ensured its autonomy when installed in a protected volume for operation from pulses of the general fire alarm system when the temperature or smoke is exceeded.

Placing a pyrotechnic checker on a support rod mounted in diametrical perforations of the inner shell of the heat exchanger rigidly fixes its spatial position relative to the receiver, thereby ensuring the functionality of the generator and the given initial gas-dynamic parameters of the extinguishing aerosol.

In this case, the foam pad between the checker and the supporting transverse rod serves as a damper that compensates for backlash and assembly gaps, and protects the adjacent frameless ignition unit from mechanical damage, which allows the generator to be used in conditions of vibration and transport loads, thereby expanding the scope.

Equipping the inner shell of the heat exchanger with longitudinal ribs filled with mortar of gypsum increases the structural strength of the functional unit and the generator as a whole, since the ribs perform the functions of reinforcement in the heat-insulating layer, preventing it from turning.

In addition, the radial size of the longitudinal ribs is selected for the diameter of the pyrotechnic block, which simplifies its installation and centering in the seat, based along the ribs, while forming an annular gap for pouring mortar of gypsum.

The installation of the ignition unit inside the central groove from the side of the free end of the pyrotechnic checker is a compact connection of the functional and initiating elements as a monolithic assembly unit of the device. At the same time, the reliability of instantaneous initiation of the checker from direct contact with the ignition unit, without losing the energy of its thermal pulse, is certainly enhanced.

The placement of the pyrotechnic checkers, together with the ignition unit, inside the polymer film cover ensures their tightness, reliably isolating from atmospheric moisture, which allows to simplify the design by eliminating special means of the prototype.

Equipping the receiver with a reflecting tray ensures that the main volume of the extinguishing mixture is turned into an annular reversible channel at the outlet of the generator, with its accompanying thermodynamic cooling.

The installation of fixing bolts (for mounting the support bracket) from the inside of the case during the manufacture of its heat-protective layer is a structurally simple and technologically advanced device that provides rigidity for mounting the generator on various bearing surfaces in a protected volume.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in stable unity is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the characteristics of disunity, that is, the task is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which have a purely illustrative purpose and do not limit the scope of the claims of the formula. The drawings show:

figure 1 - General view of the generator, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 is a view along arrow a in figure 1.

In the central groove 1 of the pyrotechnic checker 2, an ignition unit 3 is mounted, which is a resistor (electrical resistance) located inside the igniter composition sensitive to a thermal pulse (not shown conditionally). The ignition unit 3 to the checker 2 in the groove 1 is glued using epoxy resin or silicone sealant 4.

The checker 2 together with the ignition unit 3 is placed inside a polyethylene film (0.3 mm) two-layer cover 5 and, by means of a heat-protective layer 6 of building gypsum, is fixed in a perforated metal shell 7, which is combined with the receiver 8 (free volume of the cylindrical shell 7 under the checker 2) .

The checker 2 is supported through the foam pad 9 on the rod 10 installed in the diametrical perforations of the shell 7, under the free end of the checker 2.

The receiver 8 is mounted on a dish tray 11, equipped with a heat-protective layer 12 of gypsum.

The foam pad 9, damping the backlash and gaps, seals the mechanical connection of the checkers 2 with the support rod 10 and hermetically isolates the ignition unit 3 in the groove 1 of the checker 2.

Coaxially to the shell 7 and the receiver 8, through the reversible annular channel 13, a perforated shell 14 is mounted, forming together with the shell 7 a functional heat exchanger.

Outside the perforated shell 14, a heat-protective layer 15 of gypsum is mounted.

The reversing channel 13 serves to supply the generated aerosol from the receiver 8 to the output of the generator, providing a braking flow, changing the direction of movement, thermodynamic temperature reduction.

The heat exchanger formed by the perforated shells 7 and 14 is designed to collect heat energy from the effluent of the heated extinguishing mixture and evaporate the water structurally bonded in the gypsum interlayers 6 and 15, respectively, into the annular reversal channel 13.

Inside the shell 7, longitudinal strips 16 are fixed, the thickness of which is selected for the diameter of the pyrotechnic block 2, which is based on them during assembly before pouring the mortar of building gypsum into the annular gap formed under this layer 6.

With a gap formed by the interlayer 15 relative to the shell 14, the outer housing 17 of the generator is located.

From the inside of the housing 17 (FIG. 2), two mounting bolts 18 are diametrically fixed under the bracket 19 for mounting the generator on bearing surfaces in a protected volume.

On the bracket 19 are placed the power terminals 20 to which the ignition unit 3 is connected. Terminals 20 are connected to the sensors of the electrical circuit of the fire alarm system.

A cover 21 is fixed on the housing 17, overlapping the reversible annular channel 13, which are aligned with the distributed outlet openings 22 in the cover 21.

The generator operates as follows.

The resistor of the node 3 is heated by an electric pulse from the security alarm sensor, initiating its igniter composition, which ignites the pyrotechnic composition of the checker 2 along its free end.

When burning the pyrotechnic composition of checkers 2, an aerosol of combustion inhibitors is formed in the form of gaseous compounds and ultrafine condensed particles with a developed energy surface - an extinguishing mixture.

The extinguishing mixture accumulates in the receiver 8, mixes, and flows with autonomous jets into the reversible channel of the heat exchanger 7-14. In this case, the main volume of the quenching mixture, reflected from the tray 11 of the receiver 8, provides evaporation of water from the layer 12 of gypsum, which dilutes the aerosol, further cooling it.

The hot combustion products of the checkers 2, when moving along the reverse channel 13, heat the shells 7 and 14 of the heat exchanger, as a result of which convective heat evaporates water associated with potassium sulfate of gypsum layers 6 and 15, respectively, which enters the channel 13 with distributed transverse jets, where it is actively mixed with generated aerosol.

The gas-aerosol stream is inhibited in the free volume under the cover 21, additionally cooled in this case, and is delivered by independent jets through the outlet openings 22 to the protected room where the injection of ambient air and the quenching mixture are quenched by dynamic turbulent mixing.

When the extinguishing mixture is introduced into the fire zone, the chain mechanism of the formation of active radicals breaks off due to their recombination, as well as due to their retention on the aerosol surface, each particle of which acts as a condenser of energy released during the recombination of active radicals, which ensures suppression of the fire when the required concentration of combustion inhibitors.

The high mechanical strength of the proposed generator design, the relatively large mass of the functional block of which is held by the support rod and damped by a foam pad, allows it to be used in conditions of cyclic vibration and transport shaking, and the sealed package of the block together with the ignition unit in the polymer film cover is in conditions of high humidity, that is, operational versatility is ensured.

Bench and field tests of prototypes of the proposed generator showed high efficiency and fire extinguishing speed, which provides it with practical competitiveness.

According to the invention, developed technical documentation for serial production of a line of generators of this design.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the level of this technical field, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for a specialist in fire fighting equipment, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of fire extinguishing aerosol generators in the current production, we can conclude compliance with patentability criteria.

Claims (2)

1. A fire extinguishing aerosol generator, comprising a housing and a pyrotechnic block coaxially mounted and fixed in heat-protective layers of building gypsum, between which an annular reversible heat exchanger is formed, formed by two perforated metal shells, the inside of which is combined with the receiver, the ignition unit adjacent to the free end checkers, and a cover with outlet openings, characterized in that the ignition unit is mounted in the central groove from the side of the open end w shki which is placed in the pouch and the polymeric film is supported via a foam lining on the rod, mounted in diametral perforations inner shell heat exchanger carrying longitudinal ribs under checkers diameter and bearing bracket fixed to the housing, wherein the telecommunication terminals are installed with the ignition unit. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the bracket is mounted on two diametrically located bolts mounted in a heat-protective layer of the housing.

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