RU2483770C1 - Generator of fire-extinguishing aerosol - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-prevention facilities.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire-fighting equipment, in particular, to fire-extinguishing aerosol generators, containing combustion inhibitors, and is designed for volume extinguishing of fire in case of stationary installation in closed premises and equipment with an automatic start-up device controlled by fire alarm sensors. The fire-extinguishing aerosol generator comprises an axisymmetric igniter, a pyrotechnical explosive cartridge, a body, a jacket and a shell. The igniter is arranged on the open end of the pyrotechnical explosive cartridge, which is mounted in one of two body reservoirs of plate shape. Reservoirs of the body are oppositely joined by flanges and coated with heat-insulating layers. The central jacket and the shell form a reversible channel from a receiver to an output hole. The pyrotechnical explosive cartridge is pressed via a cardboard layer directly into one of reservoirs, flanges of which are connected without gaps. Inside the second reservoir on the bottom, where output holes are concentrically distributed, a shell is fixed, which covers the central jacket with a guaranteed gap and partial closure. The jacket is installed on the cross link, which limits a combustion chamber.

EFFECT: proposed technical solution provides for efficiency of fire extinguishing due to separation of burning hot particles of a liquid condensed phase of an aerosol, which is deposited in an adhesive manner inside a labyrinth output channel, which functions as a recuperator.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, in particular to fire extinguishing aerosol generators containing combustion inhibitors, and is intended for volumetric fire extinguishing in a stationary installation in enclosed spaces and equipped with an automatic starting device controlled by fire alarm sensors.

The level of this technical field is characterized by a fire extinguishing device described in patent RU 2164809 C2, A62C 19/00, 1999, which contains a gas-aerosol mixture pyrotechnic charge with a protective shell placed inside the heat-protective layer of the housing made of two counter-mounted dish-shaped containers forms with a gap between their flanges, forming an annular outlet nozzle.

Ignition assembly is mounted coaxially to the outlet nozzle under the handle bracket.

The pyrotechnic charge is made of two parts, each of which is fixed in the supporting heat-protective layer of the body containers of gypsum, the free end of the charge located below the flange, forming a common combustion chamber.

This generator is characterized by functional reliability with a monolithically rigid design of a thermally insulated body and stable combustion of a pyrotechnic charge.

The disadvantage of the described propellant fire extinguishing device is the increased mass when using gypsum thermoprotective layers, the manufacture of which necessarily leads to a break in the production flow for the preparation of gypsum mortar, poured into structural gaps, for hardening which requires exposure.

More perfect is a fire extinguishing aerosol generator according to patent RU 74813 U1, A62C 13/00; 3/00, 2008, which, according to the technical nature and the number of matching features, was chosen as the closest analogue to the proposed generator.

The known generator comprises a pyrotechnic checker mounted in a casing made of double-rail-shaped containers counterclosed by flanges forming a slotted exit nozzle, and a cooling device made of coaxially mounted perforated central casing carrying the checker, and a peripheral shell separated from the annular one with reverse channel.

The central casing and the peripheral shell, which convectively select thermal energy from the gaseous products of combustion of the checkers, are covered with interlayers of gypsum. When they heat up the casing and the shell, structural moisture is evaporated from the gypsum, which flows through the perforations through distributed perforations to the generated aerosol, additionally cooling and diluting it.

When braking and turning the gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture in the reversing channel, active heat transfer and cooling of the functional mixture occur.

A feature of this generator is the placement of an axisymmetric igniter directly on the open end of a single pyrotechnic checker, under an external initiating device, electrically connected to the sensors of the fire alarm system.

A bracket is fixed to the generator housing, by means of which it is mounted on the bearing surfaces of the protected room.

The design of the outlet in the form of an annular nozzle is dictated by the functional purpose of the generator as a throwing device in the ignition center, so that for any spatial position of the generator after falling, most of the nozzle remains free for the extinguishing mixture to exit.

A continuation of the advantages of the known fire extinguishing aerosol generator is its inherent disadvantages, the main of which limiting the scope of application is the relatively high temperature of the generated aerosol, which operates directly in the fire flame, so it is impractical to construct cooling means constructively.

In a reversing deadlock channel formed between a shell and a casing covered with heat-insulating layers, the selection of thermal energy is inefficient, since it is carried out only due to limited convection.

In addition, the unsatisfactory cooling of the exhaust aerosol is due to the fact that it partially exits through the annular nozzle, bypassing the dead end of the reversing channel, while releasing hot condensed particles into the protected volume, where they can form secondary ignition sites.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to increase the destination of a fire extinguishing generator, which is more technologically advanced in manufacture, in which due to minimal design improvements, a significant increase in the efficiency of thermal energy extraction of the generated aerosol that does not have a flame at the outlet to the protected volume is achieved.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known fire extinguishing aerosol generator containing an axisymmetric igniter located on the open end of the pyrotechnic checker mounted in one of the two plate-shaped containers of the body, counter-joined by flanges and covered with thermally insulating layers, as well as a coaxial central casing which form the reversible channel from the receiver to the outlet, according to the invention, the pyrotechnic block is pressed through the cards this layer directly into one of the containers, the flanges of which are connected without a gap, and inside the second container at the bottom, where the outlet openings are concentrically distributed, a shell is fixed, covering with a guaranteed gap and partial overlap the central casing mounted on the transverse jumper restricting the combustion chamber.

Distinctive features simplified the design of the generator and the technology of its manufacture, providing an increase in the performance indicators due to the highly efficient cooling of the aerosol, which expands the scope of application.

The new relationship and the spatial arrangement of the known structural elements of the generator provide fire extinguishing productivity due to the separation of red-hot particles of the liquid condensed aerosol phase, adhesive deposited inside the labyrinth output channel, which functions as a recuperator.

At the same time, the transverse jumper provides stable gas removal of the generated aerosol in the combustion chamber physically separated from the annular receiver covering the recuperator, formed according to the “pipe in pipe” scheme with a coaxial shell and a central casing, where the fire extinguishing mixture is effectively cooled.

The pyrotechnic checker fills the entire volume of the dish-shaped container, which increases the mass output of the extinguishing aerosol. At the same time, the pyrotechnic composition of the pieces is pressed through a cardboard layer directly into a dish-shaped container, thereby eliminating the break in the production flow, increasing its manufacturability.

The connection between the flanges of the containers between them seamlessly forms a monolithic generator body, in which functionally different zones are structurally distinguished: a combustion chamber, a labyrinth recuperator and an annular receiver equipped with outlet openings distributed around the bottom periphery of the second dish-shaped container, free of functional pyrotechnic charge.

Running at the bottom of the dish-shaped container, free of pyrotechnic charge, of distributed outlet openings, provides a predetermined gas outlet from the receiver and creates many autonomous thin jets of aerosol, which is easily diluted and additionally cooled by the ejected air of the room to be protected.

The shell fastening at the bottom of the second tank, inside the distributed outlet openings, forms a cooling device for the generated aerosol in the form of a passage labyrinth type recuperator in the ring receiver (in conjunction with the coaxial central casing).

Installation above the open end of the pyrotechnic block of the crosspiece placed on the second plate-shaped container, when the generator is assembled, automatically constructively forms an autonomous combustion chamber that provides the specified combustion of the functional block and stable gas removal of its combustion products.

Mounting the central casing on the transverse jumper automatically forms a labyrinth output channel relative to the coaxial shell when the flanges of the containers are combined, with a given spatial mutual overlap through a guaranteed annular gap.

In this case, the central casing serves as a fire-transfer tube directing the force of the flame from the remote initiating device directly to the sensitive igniter at the end of the pyrotechnic checker.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical result required in the invention is achieved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the features.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which has a purely illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of the claims of the totality of the features of the formula. The drawing shows the proposed generator, a vertical section.

The generator housing is made of two containers 1 and 2 of a dish-shaped form, which are joined counterclockwise and gaplessly adjoin by flanges 3, forming a closed volume.

The dish-shaped containers 1, 2 are lined from the inside with interlayers 4 made of heat-resistant cardboard.

In the connector between the flanges 3, a mounting bracket 5 for mounting the generator on the bearing surfaces of the protected space and a transverse jumper 6, on which the central casing 7 is axially fixed, are mounted and fixed.

The bracket 5 is made with articulated joints that allow you to adjust the spatial position of the generator, orienting it relative to the likely source of ignition for more effective fire fighting with a directed stream of generated aerosol.

In the lower container according to the drawing 1, through a thermally insulating layer 4, a functional checker 8 is installed, formed by direct pressing of a pyrotechnic composition, which during fire generates a fire extinguishing aerosol.

At the open end of the pyrotechnic checker 8, an igniter 9 of a pyrotechnic composition sensitive to a thermal impulse is installed, coaxially to which at the bottom of the second tank 2 an initiating device 10 is fixed, electrically connected to an external triggering device that is automatically triggered by pulses from the fire alarm converters (smoke or direct fire) .

The volume between the open end of the checker 8 and the transverse jumper 6 forms a combustion chamber 11, communicating with the Central casing 7.

Coaxially to the central casing 7 (assembled containers 1 and 2), a shell 12 is fixed on the bottom of the container 2, which is spatially partially overlapped with a guaranteed annular gap, forming a labyrinth output channel from the combustion chamber 11 to the receiver 13, equipped with outlet openings 14 concentrically made on the periphery of the bottom of the tank 2 around the shell 12.

The proposed generator operates as follows.

The initiating device 10 starts automatically from the fire alarm system, triggered by exceeding the threshold of permissible temperature or smoke in the guarded closed unventilated room.

The heat pulse from the triggered device 10 in the form of a force of flame limited by the fire-transfer cylinder of the central casing 7 ignites a heat-sensitive igniter 9.

Active combustion of the igniter 9 initiates the end combustion of the pyrotechnic composition of the functional checker 8, which generates gas-aerosol products containing combustion inhibitors.

The gas-aerosol mixture includes both gaseous compounds and highly dispersed condensed particles, which, due to the high surface energy, are effective combustion inhibitors.

From the combustion chamber 11 of the checkers 8, the generated gas-aerosol products directed by the transverse partition 6 enter the central casing 7 and then into the coaxial shell 12, reversing in the opposite direction.

At the exit of the cylindrical shell 12, reflected from the transverse septum from its opposite surface, the gas-aerosol mixture fills the receiver 13, where the temperature and pressure are equalized, smoothing the pulsations of the wave process of the end combustion of the checker 8.

When the generated gas-aerosol combustion products move along the heated transverse baffle 6, coaxial cylindrical casing 7 and shell 12, there is a convective heat transfer, accompanied by the selection of energy in the form of heat at the media interfaces.

The efficiency of heat extraction from the aerosol is increased in a cylindrical countercurrent recuperator formed by a labyrinth channel between the coaxial central casing 7 and the shell 12 separated by annular gaps and the plate-shaped container body 2 in which they are mounted. During braking and turns of the flow, heat transfer actively occurs in the labyrinth reversal channel, while adhesive deposition of the liquid high-temperature condensed phase occurs on the walls of the recuperator, which prevents its transfer to the protected volume.

From the receiver 13, the gas-aerosol mixture under pressure is distributed in thin jets into the guarded room through the outlet openings 14 concentrically located on the periphery of the bottom of the container 2, free of drafts 8.

Actively ejected room air to the high-speed stream of the quenching mixture at the outlet of the generator additionally cools the thin aerosol jets, which it dilutes, thereby increasing the efficiency of fire fighting.

When a gas-aerosol mixture is introduced into the combustion zone, the chain mechanism for the reproduction of active radicals breaks off, as a result, the fire is suppressed.

The high dispersion of the active particles in the generated mixture determines its high fire extinguishing ability.

As tests of prototypes of the proposed generator design showed, the temperature at the nozzle exit does not exceed 200 ° C, which is much lower than the ignition temperature of most materials, and at a distance of 0.7 m from the generator, the temperature is 40-50 ° C, which is fundamentally different from analogues.

The time to extinguish a fire is almost always less than the time of combustion of a pyrotechnic functional charge.

The generator is operable at an ambient temperature of ± 60 ° C and relative humidity up to 100%.

The generator of the proposed design is designed for volume aerosol fire extinguishing of solid and liquid combustible substances, as well as electrical equipment, including under voltage.

Based on the results of certification tests, the proposed generator design is recognized as meeting the requirements for volumetric fire extinguishing devices and is recommended for industrial production with the goal of equipping warehouse and industrial premises, small retail outlets, garages, archives, storage facilities, etc.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the level of this technical field, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for a fire specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of generators in the current production, we can conclude that patentability criteria.

Claims (1)

A fire-extinguishing aerosol generator containing an axisymmetric igniter located on the open end of the pyrotechnic checker mounted in one of two dish-shaped containers of the body, counter-joined by flanges and covered with heat-insulating layers, as well as a coaxial central casing and a shell that forms the outlet from the reverse channel , characterized in that the pyrotechnic checker is pressed through a cardboard layer directly into one of the containers, flanging They are connected gaplessly, and inside the second tank at the bottom, where the outlet openings are concentrically distributed, a shell is fixed, covering with a guaranteed gap and partial overlap the central casing mounted on the transverse jumper restricting the combustion chamber.