RU2164809C2 - Throwing fire-extinguishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment, particularly, devices generating gas-aerosol mixture of fire inhibitors; applicable in fire extinguishing in closed spaces by throwing of devices into fire seats. SUBSTANCE: device has pyrotechnical charge generating gas-aerosol mixture. Pyrotechnical charge with protective shell is located inside heatproof layer of body made of two counter-secured plate-like vessels with clearance between their flangings and forming circular outlet nozzle, coaxially to which ignition unit is mounted under clamp-handle. Novelty consists in that pyrotechnical charge is made of two parts, each secured in load-carrying heatproof layer of body vessels. Heatproof layer is made of gypsum plaster. Such arrangement results in location of free end of charge below flangings. EFFECT: higher efficiency of fire extinguishing due to reduced temperature of generated mixture and increased functional reliability of throwing device by provision of rigid monolithic structure with practically full heat insulation of body and stabilized burning of pyrotechnical charge. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, in particular to devices generating a gas-aerosol mixture of combustion inhibitors, and can be used for volume extinguishing fires in confined spaces by throwing the device into the fire.

 The prior art characterizes the device for generating a fire extinguishing mixture according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2071194, A 62 C 31/00, publ. 12/27/96 in bull. N 36, containing a pyrotechnic charge generating a gas-aerosol mixture with a protective shell, which is placed inside the heat-protective layer of the housing, made of two counter-fastened container-shaped containers with a gap between their flanges, forming an annular outlet nozzle, the ignition assembly is mounted coaxially to it under the handle bracket.

 The fastening of the housing parts allows you to adjust the geometric parameters of the annular output nozzle to ensure an adequate change in the output speed of the extinguishing mixture.

 The ignition unit has a means of temporarily delaying the ignition of the charge for the preparation and implementation of manual throwing.

 A disadvantage of the known device, selected by the number of matching features and technical essence as the closest analogue, is the unstable combustion of the pyrotechnic charge due to the fact that the heat-protective layer is a bulk powder of ablative material, endothermally decomposes under the influence of the temperature of the charge, and which wakes up in the upper parts per charge, where it physically blocks the combustion zone and chemically destabilizes the combustion by the inhibitory effect of the reaction products.

 In this case, the thermal protection of the housing is violated, which is heated to a temperature exceeding the ignition temperature of the organic compounds of the materials on which the thrown generator lies. A breakthrough of the hot gas-aerosol mixture through burn-throughs of the housing is possible, which is a source of secondary fires, penetrations, warping and other negative manifestations that exacerbate the fire.

 Therefore, the functional reliability of the device of the prototype is unsatisfactory.

 In addition, the performance of generating the extinguishing mixture during regressive combustion of the charge is low, which increases the time it takes to extinguish the concentration in the protected volume, that is, prolongs the destructive effect of the fire of a developing fire.

 The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the functional reliability of the device and the effectiveness of the main action of volumetric fire extinguishing when throwing it into the fire.

 The required technical result is achieved in that in the known metal-extinguishing device containing a gas-aerosol mixture generating pyrotechnic charge with a protective shell, which is placed inside a housing made of two counter-mounted dish-shaped containers with a gap between their flanges, forming an annular outlet nozzle, coaxially with which under the ignition unit is mounted with a handle-handle, the pyrotechnic charge is made of two parts, each of which is fixed in a heat-protective bearing layer in a dish-shaped container so that the free end of the charge is located below the flanging, while the bearing heat-protective layers are made of gypsum.

 The proposed set of essential features provides an improvement in the mechanical strength of the device, monolithic design, thermal insulation of the body from the effects of the combustion temperature of the pyrotechnic charge inside it, the stability of the gas dynamics of the generated quenching stream, and a half reduction in the temperature of the products in the quenching stream.

 Performing a charge of two parts separated by a transverse gap of the quadruple increased the productivity of smoke generation, therefore, accelerated the achievement of the quenching concentration in the protected volume.

 The free volume of the case, which separates the two parts of the charge, additionally acts as a receiver, where the products of combustion of the pyrotechnic composition are accumulated, they are mixed with pressure equalization for the comprehensive distribution of the extinguishing mixture through the annular nozzle, into the volume protected from fire, and, most importantly, their effective cooling.

 The implementation of the load-bearing heat-protective interlayers of the body from gypsum, which changes the state of aggregation from mortar to solid monolith, simplifies the assembly technology of the device, provides rigid charge fastening in the body, stabilizes the combustion of the pyrotechnic composition.

 Evaporation of water bound by gypsum reduces the temperature of the quenching mixture at the outlet and dilutes them with an additional economically pure combustion inhibitor.

 The placement of the parts of the charge with a transverse through gap, comparable with the size of the output annular nozzle, ensures their ignition from a common coaxial initiation unit and uniform end combustion with an increased rate of generation of the quenching mixture.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows:
in FIG. 1 is a general view of the device, side view;
in FIG. 2 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 1;
in FIG. 3 is a graph of the temperature distribution of the gas-aerosol stream along the length of the stream after exiting the generator.

 The housing of the device is made of identical dish-shaped containers 1 with flanges 2, which are fastened counterclockwise with bolts 3 (Fig. 2) with the possibility of adjusting the gap between them — an annular outlet nozzle 4 depending on the pyrotechnic composition of the charge 5 to provide the necessary exit speed of the generated gas aerosol mixtures.

 The pyrotechnic charge 5 is made of two parts, each of which is fixed in the supporting heat-protective layer 6 of gypsum, which rigidly connects the charge 5 to the containers 1 of the body. The surface of the charge 5 is covered with a protective shell, for example, varnished, or between the ends of the charge 5 place a pad of elastic foam (not shown conditionally), protecting the composition from atmospheric effects. Both parts of the charge 5 are mounted inside the container 1 of the housing slightly lower than the flanges 2, forming a gap between the ends, symmetrical to the annular output nozzle 4. Coaxially to the nozzle 4, a grate-type ignition unit 7 is mounted, which is located inside the handle-bracket 8 mounted on the connecting bolts of 3 containers of the housing protecting the unit 7 from mechanical damage.

 Both parts of charge 5 are installed in a dish-shaped form of a container 1, on the bottom of which a layer of mortar of gypsum is preliminarily applied so that the end of charge 5 is slightly higher than flange 2. Then, charge 5 is immersed with force into the gypsum layer at the bottom, lowering the free end of charge 5 slightly lower flanging 2, after which a solution of gypsum is poured into the gap between the container 1 and the side surface of the charge 5. When gypsum solidifies, a monolithic prefabricated structure is formed, and gypsum interlayer 6 is a rigid bond in the structure, capacity 1 — interlayer 6 — charge 5 and serves as a supporting part.

 Next, the prepared two assemblies are combined along the line of flanges 2 (counter) and fastened with bolts 3, on two of which the bracket 8 is pre-mounted.

 By means of nuts or measuring sleeves (not shown conditionally in the drawing), the gap between the flanges 2 is set, forming the required calculated annular output nozzle 4, which corresponds to the type of pyrotechnic composition of the charge 5.

 Then, under the bracket 8, the ignition unit 7 is strengthened by means of a spring clip. The device is ready for use as a throwing "grenade" in the fire.

 Before throwing manually, the ignition unit 7 is charged, equipped with a means for delaying the initiation of charge 5 for the duration necessary to prepare and deliver the device to the fire site. Further, for the bracket 8, used as a handle, the device is thrown from a wide range into the burning volume of the room through the window, the door, which is then slammed.

 The force of the flame from the ignition unit 7 almost instantly burns through the foam layer (if one is installed) between the parts of the charge 5, which ignite at the ends. In this case, the interlayer burns out completely, and the gap between the ends of the charge parts 5 acts as a receiver for the generated gas-aerosol combustion products of the composition.

 It is advisable to use the device as a primary means of suppressing fire before reconnaissance, in particular before de-energizing power networks, the instrument and equipment, after which it is possible to extinguish a spill of water from technical means. This gives an operational time gain in the fight against fires in confined spaces, such as car interiors, control cabinets, engine compartments, etc.

 The heat pulse from the node 7 ignites both parts of the charge 5, which stably and uniformly burn from the ends more dynamically than the prototype from the outer surface, namely, they completely burn out in 24 seconds against 95 seconds, equal to the mass of charge 5. For less time of combustion of the parts of the charge 5, in comparison with the prototype, the unprotected parts of the dish-shaped shells and the environment do not have time to warm up and have a significant effect of heating the gas-aerosol mixture of combustion inhibitors flowing out of the generator, which is one of the factors of the low rate fire extinguishing stream ratios.

 When the charge 5 is burned, a gas-aerosol mixture of combustion inhibitors is formed, which flows out uniformly in all directions through the annular nozzle 4.

 The mechanical strength of the device provides dynamic overload 3g.

 The symmetrical shape of the case allows arbitrary orientation of the device when dropped, which does not affect its functional reliability. Installing the device on the end practically does not change the gas dynamics of the generated extinguishing stream.

 Gypsum interlayers 6 have poor thermal conductivity, which completely prevents heat transfer through them to the housing and, therefore, the secondary ignition of flammable materials is excluded.

The temperature of the fire extinguishing stream, compared with the prototype, is reduced by more than two times, and at the exit from the device is less than 300 ^o C (see Fig. 3), which also increases the efficiency of the main action.

 Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their stable relationship in the aggregate is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality, that is, a new technical effect, inherent in the signs of their disunity, to solve the problem posed in the invention.

 The proposed technical solution is not known from the available sources of information of the prior art, from which it does not explicitly follow for a firefighter specialist, and can be industrially reproduced in serial production, that is, meets the criteria of patentability.

Claims (1)

 A throwing fire extinguishing device containing a gas-aerosol mixture pyrotechnic charge with a protective shell located in a housing made of two counter-mounted dish-shaped containers with a gap between their flanges, forming an annular output nozzle, coaxial to which, under the bracket-handle, an ignition unit is mounted, characterized in that the pyrotechnic charge is made of two parts, each of which is fixed in a supporting heat-protective layer in a plate-shaped container so that they are free The first end of the charge is located below the flanging, while the supporting heat-protective layers are made of gypsum.

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