RU2403930C1 - Throw-type fire-extinguishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting means.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire-fighting equipment, in particular to devices generating gas-aerosol mixture of inhibitors of burning, and is intended for volumetric extinguishing of fire in closed premises by hand throwing of the device into fire centre. Device contains case consisting of two plate-shaped reservoirs, counter-fixed, with their flanges forming ring outlet nozzle for generated gas-aerosol mixture during burning of pyrotechnical charges, installed in each case reservoir through layer of construction gypsum, and unit of ignition, located under radial handle. Unit of ignition is installed in threaded bush of mounting clamp, fixed coaxially to through hole in reservoir, blocked with foam-plastic stopper and adjacent to fire-conducting inclined canal of communication with clearance between free butt ends of pyrotechnical charges, installed aflush with reservoir flanges. Both charges are autonomously packed in polymer film jackets, nozzle being formed by matching convexes, made on supporting surface of flanges and layers of construction gypsum being reinforced with metal mesh.

EFFECT: increase of action efficiency and reliability.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to fire fighting equipment, in particular to devices generating a gas-aerosol mixture of combustion inhibitors, and is intended for volumetric fire extinguishing in enclosed spaces by manually throwing the device into the fire.

The level of this technical field is characterized by a fire extinguishing device described in patent RU 2237503, А62С 13/22, 3/00, 2004, which contains an initiation (ignition) assembly, a housing composed of two counter-mounted dish-shaped containers with a gap between their flanges forming a ring exit nozzle and pyrotechnic charges fixed in each container through a heat-protective layer of gypsum, generating a fire extinguishing gas-aerosol mixture during combustion.

A feature of the described device is the implementation of the initiation unit in the form of a resistor filled with an adhesive igniter, placed between pyrotechnic charges, the diameter of which is 1.7-2.5 times smaller than the overall diameter of the device, while the flanging of the containers is filled with gypsum, forming a disk lined nozzle.

Ignition of both parts of the charge occurs dynamically from the center, almost instantly over the entire open surface of the ends.

The area of the disk nozzle at the exit noticeably exceeds the critical section area at its entrance, which ensures the quenching flow expands with an increase in the outflow velocity, which made it possible to mount the pyrotechnic checkers flush with the lining of the flanges of the tank containers.

An additional effect of the lining of the flanging of the tank containers with building gypsum is that the extinguishing gas-aerosol mixture is automatically actively cooled by contact-evaporated water throughout the entire length of the disk nozzle.

However, a continuation of the advantages is an inherent disadvantage: the inability to use a fire extinguisher as a throwing grenade for the primary suppression of a fire in a closed volume, with the aim of further extinguishing it after a concomitant decrease in room temperature.

The described massive fire extinguishing mixture generator is stationary and is designed to function for autonomous automatic extinguishing of a fire source from temperature or smoke sensors.

For manual throwing, the design is unsuitable due to the ballast content of the heat-insulating layer and the nozzle lining with gypsum, the low fire extinguishing efficiency with respect to small pyrotechnic charges and the lack of manual starting means.

The noted disadvantages are eliminated in the propelling fire extinguishing device according to the patent RU 2164809, А62С 19/00, 2001, which was selected as the closest analogue to the proposed one by the purpose and the number of matching features.

The known device contains a gas-aerosol mixture pyrotechnic charge made of two parts, each of which is fixed through a carrier heat-insulating layer of gypsum in a bowl-shaped container, forming a body. The vessel capacities are fastened counterclockwise with a gap between their flanges forming an annular outlet nozzle.

Under the radial handle-bracket, coaxial to the nozzle, a grate-type ignition assembly is mounted.

The free end of the pyrotechnic charges is located below the flanges, which forms the receiver for accumulating and mixing the generated extinguishing mixture, equalizing the pressure before the uniform jet outflow in a circle into the protected volume.

The disadvantage of this propellant extinguishing device is the unsatisfactory efficiency of the main action at a relatively low filling ratio due to the structural arrangement of the free ends of the pyrotechnic charges below the flanges of the housing containers, which is necessary for the formation of the receiver, through which the specified thermodynamic regime of the extinguishing gas-aerosol mixture through an adjacent ring exit nozzle is organized.

This reduces the mass of the functional pyrotechnic charge by a quarter and, as a result, the protected volume at a given limit of the concentration of gas-aerosol combustion inhibitors in it.

The alignment of the manual ignition unit of the grater type (under the handle bracket), coaxial to the output nozzle, is inconvenient in operation, for mobile use in an extreme situation due to limited working space.

In addition, the device is not tight, which reduces the functional reliability and service life, limits the scope of use in conditions of high humidity.

A foam pad between the free ends of the pyrotechnic charges, necessary to isolate them in official circulation from atmospheric moisture, is a physical obstacle to the propagation of the initiating heat pulse from the ignition unit, which, at a minimum, does not improve the conditions of fire transfer and ignition of charges over the entire end-face combustion surface.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the efficiency of the main action and functional reliability for the intended purpose.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known throwing fire extinguishing device containing a housing of two dish-shaped containers secured in the opposite direction, their flanges form an annular outlet nozzle for the generated gas-aerosol mixture during the combustion of pyrotechnic charges installed in each housing container through a layer of building gypsum and the ignition unit located under the radial handle according to the invention, the ignition unit is installed in a threaded sleeve of the mounting bracket, fixed coaxially through the hole in the tank, covered by a foam plug and adjacent to the fire-transfer oblique communication channel with a gap between the free ends of the pyrotechnic charges mounted flush with the flanges of the containers, while both charges are independently packaged in polymer film covers, and the nozzle is formed by combining the convex made on the supporting surface of the flanges, and the layers of gypsum are reinforced with a metal mesh.

Distinctive features ensured the stability of the mobile convenient manual initiation of the device, a noticeable increase in functional reliability, technological accessibility of structural elements for routine maintenance: routine inspection and repair.

The mounting on one of the containers of the mounting bracket with a threaded sleeve for installing the ignition unit creates an offset in its location under the handle - below the output ring nozzle, which makes the ignition unit accessible for manual initiation and frees the handle for unimpeded hand grip in extreme situations for throwing the generator into the fire.

Placing the ignition assembly coaxially with the through hole in the housing of the casing provides constructive unity of the fire chain of the force of the flame to the free ends of the pyrotechnic charges forming a technological gap.

The execution inside the inclined pyrotechnic channel adjacent to the communication through hole in the body of the housing on the one hand and the transverse gap between the free ends of both pyrotechnic charges on the other hand, is designed to transmit a fire pulse from the ignition unit when starting to simultaneously ignite the functional checkers over the entire end surface of the combustion .

The installation of pyrotechnic charges flush with the flanges of the capacities of the body forms a common gas duct in the gap between the free ends of the charges at the start of operation, combined with the annular exit nozzle, contributing to the unimpeded, almost simultaneous across the surface, stable ignition of both pyrotechnic charges.

Packing of pyrotechnic charges in a polymer film case creates their autonomous tightness and allows you to perform a technological gap between the free ends of the pyrotechnic charges open for the dynamic propagation of the thermal initiating pulse.

A mechanically pressed foam plug between the ignition unit and the body capacity insulates the communication connector of the fire-transfer inclined channel through the through hole in the tank.

The convex heights distributed on the flanges when combining the coaxial holes in them for fasteners during assembly of both body containers automatically form an annular output nozzle of a given passage section (the gap between charges), without the use of additional means.

Equipping a heat-insulating layer of gypsum with reinforcing mesh significantly increases its dynamic strength (up to 5g) and functionality for the purpose when remotely throwing the device, as well as the solidity of the fire extinguishing mixture generator as a whole.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the invention is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which have a purely illustrative purpose and do not limit the scope of the claims of the totality of the features of the formula. The drawings show:

figure 1 is a view of the device from below;

figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1.

In the dish-shaped metal containers 1 of the device’s body, pyrotechnic charges 2 are installed, placed in a film (0.3 mm) double polyethylene cover 3.

Each charge 2 with a capacity of 1 (Fig. 2) is fastened by means of a heat-protective layer 4 of gypsum (GOST 125-79), which, according to operating conditions, can be reinforced with a metal mesh 5 (No. 8-0.1 according to GOST 533-67).

The containers 1 of the body are interconnected by means of bolt fasteners 6 mounted in the holes of the bulges 7, made on the supporting surfaces of the flanges 8 of each container 1.

The total height of the combined convexity 7 is the width of the transverse gap 9 between the free ends of the charges 2, located at the same level as the flanges 8 (flush), and forms a passage section of the annular output nozzle 10.

In the transverse clearance 9 on two bolts 6 of the fastener is fixed radial handle 11 (figure 1).

Under the handle 11 on the lower container (Figs. 1 and 2) of the container 1, a bracket 12 is fixed with a threaded sleeve 13 into which the ignition unit 14 is screwed in, coaxially with the communication through hole 15 in the container 1.

The hole 15 (figure 2) is blocked by a foam plug 16, pressed by a screwed-in ignition unit 14.

The communication hole 15 is adjacent to the inclined fire transfer channel 17 of the message, made in a pyrotechnic charge 2, which goes to its free end surface, that is, into the transverse gap 9.

Channel 17 is formed by pressing charge 2 and pouring gypsum on the assembly by installing a technological sign.

The end face of the foam plug 16 is covered with a protective layer of varnish, which prevents the penetration of atmospheric moisture into the device.

When assembling, the pyrotechnic charge 2 is installed on the bottom of the tank 1, where the reinforcing metal mesh 5 is located in the mortar of the gypsum mortar, and it is inserted with force until the free end is aligned with the flange 8 flush.

Then, in the gap between the pyrotechnic charge 2 and the side surface of the container 1, a mortar of gypsum is poured, when solidified, a supporting heat-protective layer 4 is formed, connecting the structural elements into a monolithic structural unity.

Next, the prepared two assemblies of the kit are connected counterclockwise, combining their convexes 7 on the flanges 8, and fastened with fixing bolts 6, on two of which the handle 11 is pre-mounted.

Before throwing the device (“grenades”), the ignition unit 14 is manually initiated, the flame force of which burns the foam plug 16

The ignition unit 14 is equipped with a means for temporarily delaying the initiation of combustion of pyrotechnic charges 2 with a duration sufficient for the preparation and delivery of the device to the fire site.

For the handle 11, the device is manually thrown from the scope into the volume of the burning room through the opening of the window, doors that are then slammed.

The heat pulse is then transmitted along the inclined channel 17 to the gap 9, where the pyrotechnic charges 2 from the open end surfaces are ignited almost instantly.

During the combustion of pyrotechnic charges 2, a gas-aerosol mixture of combustion inhibitors is generated, which spreads in a jet expanding stream through the annular nozzle 10 into the protected volume, where the source of ignition is suppressed.

The evaporation of the gypsum-bound interlayers 4 of the water provides the dilution of the quenching mixture with an additional environmentally friendly combustion inhibitor and a decrease in its temperature at the outlet of the annular nozzle 10.

The jet velocity outflow of the generated gas-aerosol products provides the injection of ambient air, which further cools and dilutes the flow that fills the volume of the room to be protected and creates a fire extinguishing concentration of combustion inhibitors.

The proposed device is intended for use as a primary means of suppressing fire prior to reconnaissance, in particular, to de-energize power networks, instruments and equipment, after which it is possible to extinguish a spill of water from technical means. This gives an operational mobile gain in the fight against fires in closed volumes, for example, engine compartments, control cabinets, and car interiors.

The gypsum interlayers 4 have a low thermal conductivity, which completely prevents heat transfer to the housing container 1, which does not heat up and cannot cause a secondary fire in the protected volume.

The proposed throwing fire extinguishing device is characterized by increased mechanical strength, structural monolithicity, reliable thermal insulation from pyrotechnic charges burning inside, stable gas dynamics of generated gas aerosol products in the form of a disk jet.

Field tests of prototypes of the propelling device have confirmed the effectiveness of fire extinguishing and its functional reliability, which allows us to recommend industrial delivery to the customer.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the level of this technical field, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for a fireman, showed that it is not known, and given the possibility of industrial serial production of propellant fire extinguishing devices in existing production, we can conclude compliance with patentability criteria.

Claims (3)

1. Throwing fire extinguishing device containing a housing of two dish-shaped containers, counter-fastened, while their flanges form an annular outlet nozzle for the generated gas-aerosol mixture during the combustion of pyrotechnic charges installed in each housing container through a layer of building gypsum, and an ignition unit located under radial handle, characterized in that the ignition unit is installed in the threaded sleeve of the mounting bracket, fixed coaxially to the through hole in the tank, overlapped enoplastovoy plug and adjoining the inclined ogneperedatochnomu channel messages with a gap between the free ends of the pyrotechnical charge, installed flush flanged containers, both charge autonomously packaged in polymeric film covers. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is formed by combining the convexes made on the supporting surface of the flanges. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers of gypsum are reinforced with a metal mesh.

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