RU2596973C1 - Fire extinguishing aerosol generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to stationary devices for extensional fire fighting. Fire extinguishing aerosol generator comprises igniter arranged in the bottom sleeve and connected to the terminals of switching unit of external control electric signals, and pyrotechnic candle resting on the crossbar body, between which thermo protective layer made of hardened material is located. Annular reversible channel communicated with receiver is formed by the perforated shell of outer cylindrical casing installed with a possibility of angular positioning in the support bracket. In the bottom part of thermo protective layer of the casing there is a distributing box, where the communication unit and igniter are installed. Bearing bushing has the shape of the longitudinal fire transmission tube, which is adjacent to the open end of the stick, coated with a flame-retardant screen, on which thermo protective layer is made of magnesite, including distributed in volume expanded filler made of heat-resistant material, primarily, vermiculite or pyrite.

EFFECT: suggested technical solution provides increased structural strength, performance and longer service life for fire extinguishing aerosol generator.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, and more particularly to stationary devices for volumetric fire extinguishing by means of a pyrotechnic charge of aerosol generated during combustion, including combustion inhibitors.

The level of this technical field is characterized by a device for volumetric aerosol fire extinguishing described in patent RU 2164808, А62С 13/22, 2001, which contains an initiation (ignition) unit of a pyrotechnic checker mounted with a gap in a metal case equipped with communication holes for communication with reversible the annular channel of the casing, closed by a lid having outlet openings distributed relative to the coaxial heat exchanger in communication with the receiver.

The heat exchanger is made in the form of an external perforated shell relative to the housing, reinforced coaxially to the checker in the casing through a layer of building gypsum, which also fills the gap between the checker and the housing combined with the receiver.

Communication holes are made on the side of the receiver.

The described device is characterized by increased productivity of generating combustion inhibitors and high cooling efficiency of the extinguishing mixture products inside the device, therefore it is intended for manual use.

However, the disadvantage of this device is that the issue of installing a stationary generator in a secure room has not been structurally resolved, which requires additional fasteners, increasing the capital costs and consumer cost of technological work on fire protection of various service volumes.

In addition, the scope of use of the generator is limited in conditions of vibration and transport shaking due to insufficient adhesion of the pyrotechnic checker to the heat-insulating layer of the receiver shell to exclude the displacement of a mechanically not fixed functional charge into the receiver.

This extinguishing aerosol generator is explosion-proof when used in rooms with technological suspensions and volatile substances that penetrate inside, where they are concentrated in a form sensitive to ignition of the medium. When the initiation unit is triggered for this reason, an explosion and destruction of the structure that is incapable of performing the functions of protection against fire, but also, which is a serious additional source of ignition with fragmentation damage, can occur.

The noted shortcomings were eliminated in a more advanced labyrinth generator of fire extinguishing aerosol according to patent RU 89964 U1, А62С 13/22, 2009, which was selected as the closest analogue to the proposed generator by the number of matching features and technical essence.

The known generator contains a coaxial ignition unit and a piece of pyrotechnic composition mounted through a heat-protective layer in a perforated housing combined with a receiver in communication with a reversible annular channel, closed by a lid having distributed outlet openings.

The receiver is separated from the casing by a heat-protective layer of gypsum.

The pyrotechnic checker, which is additionally packed in a plastic film case, rests on a cross member mounted above the receiver, which is equipped with a reflective tray in the housing.

From the inside of the casing, mounting bolts for the mounting bracket carrying the power terminals of the ignition unit (initiation) are installed.

The well-known universal generator for use, technologically advanced in manufacturing, is safe to operate, mobile to install and is easily adjustable in the direction of the generated gas-aerosol stream to the source of ignition.

The disadvantages of the known generator include the following:

- the remote location (through the receiver) of the igniter from the end surface of the pyrotechnic block makes it difficult to ignite, the combustion of which in the transition phase is unstable, and this forces the use of more powerful energy-containing igniter equipment, which is more dangerous than effective;

- the fastening of the igniter in the carrier sleeve of the bottom heat-insulating layer does not create a long-focus force of flame sufficient to reliably ignite the open surface of the functional block:

- the location of the switching node associated with the igniter loops on the support bracket does not allow the generator to be used to manually suppress the source of ignition and limits its spatial movements relative to the stationary bracket to control the flow direction of the extinguishing mixture;

- the heat-insulating layer of building gypsum on a pyrotechnic checker, by definition, reduces its functionality due to evaporation of the structural moisture generator during the preservation time, which impairs its flammability, up to failure, which is unacceptable for a fire protection device.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to improve the design of the generator to eliminate the noted drawbacks, as a result of which its functional reliability is increased while expanding the technological capabilities of operation.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known fire extinguishing aerosol generator containing a coaxial igniter installed in the bottom sleeve and connected to the terminals of the external control signal switching unit, and a pyrotechnic checker resting on the cross member of the casing, between which a heat-protective layer of cured material is placed, and also communicating with the receiver, an annular reversal channel formed by a perforated shell on a layer of gypsum plaster of external qil Draical casing, closed by a lid with peripherally distributed outlet openings and mounted with the possibility of angular positioning in the support bracket, while the receiver above the open end of the pyrotechnic block is aligned with the coaxial housing, according to the invention, a junction box is placed in the bottom of the heat-protective layer of the casing, where the communication unit is installed and an igniter, the bearing sleeve of which is in the form of a longitudinal fire-transfer tube adjacent to the open end of the checker, oh flame retardant mesh heat shielding layer which is made of magnesite, comprising distributed in a volume of expanded filler of heat resistant material, preferably vermiculite or pyrite.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution provided the required functional reliability to a universal fire extinguishing aerosol generator, characterized by increased structural strength and speed with an increase in service life.

Installation in the bottom of the generator, in the heat-insulating layer between the casing and the equidistant perforated shell of the autonomous junction box, in which the electrical communication unit with the external control device and the igniter are placed, creates a conditionally isolated volume for the electrical contacts of the executive structural elements, which ensures faultless switching of control electrical signals and a long service life fire protection of the protected volume.

The placement of the igniter in the longitudinal fire transfer tube adjacent to the open end of the pyrotechnic checker ensures the unhindered transmission of the fire force directly to the combustion surface to localize the heat energy that intensively ignites the combustion surface of the pyrotechnic functional charge.

Coating the pyrotechnic checker with a flame-retardant grid, on which the condensed phase of the functional aerosol generated during combustion is retained, where it completely burns out, reduces the heat load on the thin-walled body and the temperature of the extinguishing mixture in the annular reversing channel formed together with the perforated shell from the gypsum layer and to the outlet openings.

At the same time, the flame-retardant mesh serves as the reinforcement of the heat-protective layer of filled magnesite, increasing the structural strength of the bearing shell of the functional charge.

The implementation of the heat-protective layer between the body and the pyrotechnic block made of heat-resistant binder of magnesite, which has high mechanical strength, which does not contain structural moisture (like building gypsum according to the closest analogue), eliminates the negative effects on the pyrotechnic composition of the block in direct contact.

The use of a layer of magnesite distributed in the volume of expanded heat-resistant vermiculite or pyrite reduces its mass and the generator as a whole, forming a composite material that performs the functions of damping operational shock loads, which practically do not transfer to the adjacent pyrotechnic charge, preventing its mechanical destruction, ensuring thereby stable combustion in a given mode.

At the same time, there was no need to place a pyrotechnic charge in an additional film case for isolation from moisture, which simplifies the design and assembly technology.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the required technical result is achieved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

Comparison of the proposed technical solution with the closest prior art analogues did not reveal an identical match of the totality of the essential features of the invention.

The proposed differences of the extinguishing aerosol generator are not obvious to a specialist in fire fighting equipment that do not directly follow from the statement of the technical problem.

The manufacture of a set of structural elements of the proposed generator in their relationship can be carried out in series at the existing pyrotechnic production using standard components.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that the invention meets the conditions of patentability.

The essence of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings, which have a purely illustrative purpose and do not limit the scope of the claims of the totality of the essential features of the formula.

The drawings show:

in FIG. 1 - general view of the generator;

in FIG. 2 is a view along arrow A in FIG. one.

The extinguishing aerosol generator contains a pyrotechnic checker 1, which generates a gas-aerosol mixture during combustion, including combustion inhibitors, which is coated with a metal mesh 2 (No. 8-0.1 according to GOST 533-67), which serves as a flame arrester.

A curing heat-insulating layer 3 of magnesite filled with vermiculite or pyrite is adjacent to the checker 1 through the net 2 and fills the gaps between the housing 4 and the cover 5, respectively, on the periphery of which the outlet openings 6 are distributed.

The open burning surface of the checker 1 rests on the cross member 7, forming the free volume of the housing 4 - perforated receiver 8.

At the bottom of the generator, a junction box 9 is installed, in which there are placed electrically connected switching unit 10 with an external control device and a central igniter 11, mounted in a longitudinal fire-transfer tube 12 adjacent to the open end surface of the checker 1.

Coaxial to the cylindrical body 4 is an external forming casing 13 with a perforated shell 14, the gap between which is filled with a layer of gypsum 15, which, cured, fixes the junction box 9 at the bottom of the generator.

In this case, the housing 4 and the shell 14 are fixed equidistantly, forming a reverse channel 16 of the communication receiver 8 (through its perforation) with the outlet holes 6 in the cover 5.

The interlayer 15 does not contact contact with the pyrotechnic checker 1, is removed and structurally limited, therefore it is made of technological building gypsum.

Inside the layer 15, fixing bolts 17 are diametrically mounted for installation in the trunnion of the support bracket 18, where they are fixed and act as a rotation axis for positioning the generator.

In the bracket 18, a hole 19 is made under the threaded pin 20, abutting against the casing 13 for fixing it in the selected angular position of the generator, that is, its positioning in the direction of the fire hazardous object in the protected room.

The generator operates as follows.

When triggered by sensors exceeding the temperature level and smoke in a protected room, an electric signal is fed to the terminals of the node 10, which commutes the electric igniter 11.

When the igniter 11 is activated, a fire force is formed, which through the fire transfer tube 12 enters the pyrotechnic checker 1, initiating ignition and burning of its open end surface.

When burning the pyrotechnic checkers 1, a gas-aerosol quenching mixture is generated, which enters the receiver 8, where it accumulates and mixes, as a result of which pressure and temperature are equalized.

Through the perforations of the receiver 8, the quenching mixture enters the annular reversing channel 16, where it unfolds and moves toward the outlet openings 6 (along a labyrinth trajectory).

In this case, the housing 4 and the shell 14, performing the functions of a heat exchanger, are heated, taking part of the thermal energy from the hot gas-aerosol combustion products.

With convective heat, the structurally bound water of the building gypsum layer 15 is evaporated and through perforations of the shell 14 with distributed transverse jets enters the channel 16, where it is actively mixed with the quenching mixture, diluting and cooling it.

Under the lid 5, the extinguishing mixture, expanding, is inhibited and is discharged by autonomous jets into the protected volume, filling it.

At the output of the generator, high-speed jets of the extinguishing mixture inject the air of the room, with which there is active mixing and additional cooling.

Upon reaching the specified concentration of combustion inhibitors in the protected volume, the ignition site is suppressed by interrupting the oxidation chain reaction.

Tests of the prototype of the proposed generator were carried out during autonomous start-up from the electric battery by the signal of the fire alarm system with different axial positioning of the generator in a fixed bracket and during manual extinguishing, which confirmed the ease of maintenance, reliability and quick start, fire extinguishing efficiency of various fire sources, which allows us to recommend the design to mass production for delivery to customers.

Claims (2)

1. A fire extinguishing aerosol generator containing a coaxial igniter installed in the bottom sleeve and connected to the terminals of the external control electrical signal switching node, and a pyrotechnic checker resting on the cross member of the housing, between which a heat-protective layer of cured material is placed, as well as an annular reversing channel communicating with the receiver formed by a perforated shell on a layer of gypsum of an external cylindrical casing, closed with a lid distributed around the periphery with outlet openings and installed with the possibility of angular positioning in the support bracket, while the receiver above the open end of the pyrotechnic block is combined with a coaxial case, characterized in that a junction box is installed in the bottom of the heat-insulating layer of the casing, where the communication unit and igniter are installed, the carrier of which has the shape of a longitudinal fire-transfer tube adjacent to the open end of the checker, covered with a flame-retardant mesh, the heat-protective layer on which Nena from magnesite comprising distributed in a volume of expanded material of heat-resistant filler. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that vermiculite or pyrite is predominantly used as a filler of a layer of magnesite.

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