RU74813U1 - FIRE EXTINGUISHING AEROSOL GENERATOR (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A fire extinguishing aerosol generator containing a pyrotechnic checker mounted in a housing made of two dish-shaped containers, counterclockwise flanged, forming a slotted exit nozzle between their functional internal plaster coatings, and an axisymmetric igniter, characterized in that the containers have functional coatings fenced with perforated shells forming an annular reversing channel together with a central casing rigidly connected through the carrier a layer with a single pyrotechnic checker mounted on the bottom of one of the containers of the casing, while the nasty open end of the checker, where the igniter is mounted, forms a receiver in conjunction with the bottom of the second casing capacity, communicating with a dead end reversal channel. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated casing with the pyrotechnic checker is connected by means of a layer of gypsum. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic checker is mounted in the casing by pressing its composition into the adjacent cardboard layer. A fire extinguishing aerosol generator, comprising a body made of two dish-shaped containers counterclosed by flanges having a functional coating of gypsum inside, an opening for extinguishing a gas-aerosol mixture during burning of a pyrotechnic bomb equipped with an axisymmetric igniter, characterized in that the through an annular plug, their functional coatings are fenced with perforated shells forming a roar

Description

The utility model relates to fire fighting equipment, and more particularly, to devices for extinguishing fires by means of a pyrotechnic composition generated by the combustion of a piece of gas aerosol combustion inhibitors organized in a guarded volume, which are intended for use on vehicles, ships, storage and industrial premises.

The level of this technical field characterizes the aerosol generator for volumetric fire extinguishing according to patent RU 2108824, А62С 13/22, 1998, which is a supporting structure of concentrically mounted cylinders and contains a housing, means of ignition (initiation of combustion) of a pyrotechnic charge, an output ring nozzle formed by partially overlapping the counter-fastened casing and the plate-shaped lid, a heat-absorbing layer of ablative material and a cylinder of the cooling unit.

The cylinder of the cooling unit is installed inside a thermally protected case, which is mounted on a plate-shaped lid.

The pyrotechnic charge is made in the form of checkers distributed around the periphery of the cylinder of the cooling unit and glued to the bottom of the cylindrical body.

The free volume of the housing is formed by the receiver, in which the generated aerosol is accumulated, the pressure of the gas mixture is smoothed out when it is irregularly supplied from the regressively burning pieces of pyrotechnic charge. In this case, the aerosol is actively cooled and diluted with the endothermic decomposition products of the ablative material (carbon dioxide and water vapor) of the heat-absorbing layer of sodium bicarbonate.

The cylinder of the cooling unit through a heat-absorbing layer is connected with the pipe communication receiver with a labyrinth ring channel.

A labyrinth gas channel with increased hydrodynamic resistance serves to redistribute and equalize the temperature of the extinguishing mixture, mixing the aerosol with the vapor-gas stream, which ultimately serves to reduce the temperature of the extinguishing gas mixture at the outlet with structurally organized multi-stage cooling.

An annular outlet nozzle forms a gas-aerosol stream of cylindrical shape, inside of which air of a protected volume is injected, actively mixed and intensively cooling the extinguishing mixture, which significantly reduces the fire fighting time.

A disadvantage of the known aerosol generator is the implementation of heat-absorbing

interlayers of bulk ablative material, which determines the structural complexity and bulkiness of the device, the technological difficulties of its manufacture and assembly.

More perfect is the design of the fire extinguishing aerosol generator according to patent RU 2237503, А62С 13/22, 2003, which is selected by technical essence and the number of matching features as the closest analogue to the proposed generator.

The known fire extinguishing aerosol generator contains a housing composed of two counter-mounted dish-shaped containers with a gap between their flanges, forming an exit slot nozzle, generating a gas-aerosol mixture, pyrotechnic charges, fixed in both tanks flush with the ends of the heat-protective layers filling the flanging of the tank containers a gasket coated at the end with a sealing compound and an igniter associated with the initiating device.

The peculiarity of this generator is that the igniter is made in the form of a resistor placed inside the adhesive igniter composition, which is installed coaxially in the gap between the pyrotechnic charges forming the aerosol generating block, which increases the reliability (duplication) of its ignition initiation. The simultaneous ignition of both charges ensures their end combustion, which intensifies the formation of the quenching mixture.

However, a continuation of the advantages of the known generator are inherent disadvantages.

Intensive aerosol generation during the burning of the checker at two ends from the side of the gap formed by its pyrotechnic charges leads to an increase in pressure inside the generator, which requires constructive amplification.

With the joint burning of the charges of the checkers in the total volume, gas-dynamic instabilities arise due to the interaction of gas flows, pressure drops in the fronts, which causes pressure pulsations and different burning speeds of parts of the pyrotechnic checkers decreasing in height. As a result, the functional reliability of protection of the estimated volume of the room is reduced, therefore, it is necessary to use an additional generator in parallel.

In addition, for efficient cooling of the generated combustion products of pyrotechnic charges, the thickness of the gypsum layer of the body and the length of the slotted exit nozzle in total amount to a value comparable to the diameter of the functional charge, that is, doubling the size of the product, the use of which is therefore limited when placed in the cramped spaces of the instrument compartments , power plants, electrical cabinets, etc.

The nozzle gap of the generator, closed by a foam pad with a layer of sealant, creates a conditional tightness of the structure, which ensures

its explosion safety, since the internal volume is isolated from the atmosphere of the protected room, which contains suspensions, volatiles, etc. active components.

However, in the isolated volume of the generator during storage and official operation as intended, structurally bound water is evaporated from the gypsum, which interacts with the pyrotechnic composition of the checkers. As a result, the functional reliability of the generator falls due to possible cases of non-ignition of a damp aerosol forming charge.

Two-sided end burning of a pyrotechnic checker provides a dynamic supply through the slotted nozzle of the extinguishing mixture to the source of ignition, which is quickly suppressed. But, in particular, for smoldering burning, it is necessary to provide a quenching concentration of combustion inhibitors in the protected volume for a long time, which is technically not possible using the known generator.

The task to which the present utility model is directed is to increase the functional reliability and stability of the generator in the design mode, to improve its design with a concomitant increase in the efficiency of fire fighting.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known fire extinguishing aerosol generator containing a pyrotechnic checker mounted in a housing made of two dish-shaped containers, counter-joined by flanges, forming a slotted exit nozzle between their functional internal coatings of gypsum, and an axisymmetric igniter the proposal of the authors, the functional coverings of the tanks are enclosed by perforated shells forming an annular reversible channel Al together with the central casing, rigidly connected through the carrier layer with a single pyrotechnic checker, mounted on the bottom of one of the containers of the housing, while the nasty open end of the checker, where the igniter is mounted, forms together with the bottom of the second capacity of the housing a receiver communicating with a dead end reversal channel, wherein the perforated casing with the pyrotechnic checker is connected by means of a layer of gypsum or the pyrotechnic checker is mounted in the casing by pressing its composition into the adjacent a cardboard layer.

According to an embodiment of a fire-extinguishing aerosol generator, comprising a body made of two dish-shaped containers counterclosed by flanges having a functional coating of gypsum inside, an opening for extinguishing the gas-aerosol mixture when burning a pyrotechnic bomb equipped with an axisymmetric igniter, the bezel-free containers are connected through the annular plug, their functional coatings are fenced with perforated shells, forming a reverse channel faith in outlets distributed around the periphery of the bottom of the tank

where a central perforated casing is fixed, rigidly connected through a layer of gypsum with a single pyrotechnic block, in which the igniter is mounted on the end face open from the receiver.

Distinctive features provided increased fire extinguishing efficiency by the generator of an improved compact design, more technological in the manufacture and assembly.

The stationary end-face combustion mode of a single pyrotechnic checker provides a stable calculated gas intake of the extinguishing mixture products, the temperature decrease of which inside the generator is ensured by equipping it with new structural elements, the known execution form and their new interconnections.

Perforated shells adjacent to the flanges of the body, and the central casing, which are connected with layers of gypsum, serve as an additional cooling device in the form of a reversible annular channel.

The perforated central casing and shell shells equipped with gypsum interlayers serve as a convective heat exchanger to select the heat energy of the washing gas-aerosol stream before it is discharged into the protected volume. At the same time, the bound water of building gypsum is dynamically evaporated through perforations of the surfaces forming the reversing channel and is actively mixed with hot counter products by transverse oncoming jets, diluting and cooling them.

In the reversing channel, the gas-aerosol stream is decelerated, it is diluted with water evaporated from gypsum, the pressure is equalized and the temperature of the extinguishing mixture decreases due to kinetic and convective mixing before it is released by the radial stream into the protected volume.

The implementation of the checker in the form of a single pyrotechnic charge, rigidly fixed in the central casing, which is an autonomous assembly unit that unloads the composite casing, the containers of which are additionally used to automatically improve the dynamics of the quality of the generated gas-aerosol mixture, simplifies the manufacturing technology of the generator.

The constructive relationship of the gas-permeable casing carrying the pyrotechnic block with the containers of the body creates a new scheme of gas labyrinth flows inside the generator in constant dimensions, providing a more rational use of structural elements in a new quality - for active cooling of the gas-aerosol mixture.

The reversing channel formed by the perforated concentric surfaces of the central casing and the shells of the tanks, which are equipped with adjacent shells of gypsum containing structural water,

performs the functions of a radiation-spray cooler, which actively automatically reduces the temperature of the extinguishing mixture in the passage.

The formation of the labyrinth channel in the form of a receiver and a reversible annular channel communicating with each other, by creating a new interconnection of the structural elements of the generator, additionally serves to cool the gas-aerosol products of the extinguishing mixture by inhibiting the flow with each change of direction and their expansion in the free volume of the generator.

Performing a reverse channel with a dead end provides an additional turn of the extinguishing mixture flow, which comes in the opposite direction again coming from the checkers through the receiver, towards the outlet slotted nozzle.

Combustion of the pyrotechnic charge of a single checker from one end provides a gas supply of the quenching mixture that is stable during the operation time, which can be supplied to the output through additional cooling devices: a receiver and a relatively large circular reversing channel.

The layer of building gypsum between the pyrotechnic block and the perforated casing provides the bearing strength of an autonomous assembly structure, independently mounted in tank containers equipped with ring shells that shield their flanges, and the formation of a combined receiver and an annular reverse channel.

The implementation of the carrier layer of the Central casing of cardboard increases the manufacturability of the equipment of the generator by directly pressing the pyrotechnic composition of the pieces into the Central casing, as an autonomous assembly unit. At the same time, the cardboard layer serves as a reliable heat insulator of the casing, preventing the transfer of the burning energy of the checker in the radial direction to the quenching mixture in the reversing channel.

Distinctive features of the design according to the embodiment of the generator provided increased fire extinguishing efficiency due to an additional decrease in the temperature of the extinguishing mixture inside the labyrinth gas duct of the generator, along its extended heat exchanger formed in the structure of the structure, and additional injection of the protected volume into the cylindrical gas-aerosol stream from the output holes.

The gapless connection of flanging of dish-shaped containers between which an annular plug is placed forms a closed volume of the generator as an additional automatic cooling device having an increased active surface of interaction with the combustion products of the pyrotechnic checker.

Screening the housing in height with an annular layer of gypsum provides thermal insulation of the generator as a whole and serves as a source of cooling agent at the interface of the media of an additional heat exchanger, forming a reversing channel.

Reversible ring channel serves as an additional receiver volume

for cooling heat transfer of the generated aerosol with evaporated water from the adjacent layers of gypsum.

Perforated shells of the body and the central casing form distributed steam jets across the flow of the generated aerosol, which ensures their automatic active mixing and cooling of the extinguishing gas-aerosol mixture.

The placement of the outlet openings in the end of the vessel’s capacity on the opposite side from the combustion front of the pyrotechnic checker is aimed at the maximum cooling of the gas-aerosol mixture inside the generator in its labyrinth reversal channel.

The distribution of the outlet openings along the periphery of the bottom of the vessel’s container provides a directed flow of the extinguishing mixture of a cylindrical shape, into which air of the protected room is injected in a large volume, which contributes to the intensification of aerosol cooling and fire fighting efficiency.

The implementation of the aerosol-forming checkers in the form of a single pyrotechnic charge burning from the open end and placed inside the thermally insulating cylindrical layer of gypsum is aimed at stabilizing the gas inlet during the operation of the generator.

In this case, gypsum serves as a functional element of the radiation heat exchanger, an integral part of which is the outer shell of the perforated central casing.

The placement of the outlet openings in the end face of the generator according to a variant of its execution allows the generators to be installed covertly, behind panels, in niches, etc., outside the zone of unauthorized access and without changing the interior of the protected room.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the characteristics of disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the utility model is not solved by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the essential features of the formula.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows:

figure 1 - design of the proposed generator;

figure 2 is the same, an embodiment.

The aerosol generator case (Fig. 1) is made of two identical dish-shaped containers 1, rigidly counter-fastened by flanges 2 through a guaranteed gap 3, the size of which is ensured by the calibrated thickness of the spacer washers 4 of the housing bolts 5 distributed along the perimeter of the flanges 2 of the docked containers 1.

Between the flanges 2 of the containers 1, a slotted exit nozzle 6 is thus formed.

On the perimeter of each tank 1, inside are installed interlayers 7 of gypsum, limited by adjacent perforated

shells 8, which perform the functions of thermal protection of the housing and the generated aerosol cooler.

At the bottom of one of the containers 1 (the lower one according to the drawing), a central perforated casing 9 is installed, in which a pyrotechnic block 11 is fixed by means of a layer 10 of building gypsum.

Alternatively, the checker 11 can be pressed directly into the casing 9 through the cardboard shell of the interlayer 10, which serves as a damper and thermal insulator of the casing 9, made in this case without perforations.

The open end of the checker 11, together with the bottom of the second upper tank 1 of the body, forms a receiver 12, communicating with the annular reversal channel 13 formed by the Central casing 9 and peripheral shells 8 along the entire height of the housing. The reversing channel 13 through the gap 3 between the ends of the gypsum layers 7 communicates with the output nozzle 6.

The annular reversing channel 13 is bounded by the bottom of the lower tank 1, on which the checker 11 is mounted, and is a dead end, actually supplementing the volume of the receiver 12, and essentially serves as a labyrinth for the gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture to move to the exit slot nozzle 6.

An igniter 14 is mounted on the open end of the pyrotechnic checker 11, which is electrically connected to a starting device 15 connected to fire detectors distributed in a protected volume.

In the receiver 12 between the pyrotechnic checker 11 and the bottom of the upper tank 1 (above the igniter 14) during assembly, a foam damper 16 is placed, which prevents the possibility of relative movements. When the igniter 14 is activated, the damper 16 burns out and does not interfere with the free flow of the generated aerosol.

The generator housing is equipped with a bracket 17, by means of which it is installed on the bearing surfaces in a protected volume.

The generator according to the embodiment (Fig. 2) differs from the above in that the flanges 2 of the housing are connected seamlessly by means of an annular plug 8 placed between them and mounted on the same bolt joints 5, and the outlet openings 6 are concentrically distributed around the periphery of the bottom of the tank 1, on which the central casing 9 is mounted, carrying a pyrotechnic checker 11.

Thus, the design of the generator in both embodiments is unified. A design feature in the embodiment of the generator is the additional drilling of holes 6 at the bottom of the tank 1.

The slotted nozzle 6 and the outlet openings 6 in the respective constructions remain open during storage and operation to protect the protected space, providing communication between the volume of the generator housing and the atmosphere and, therefore, the natural gypsum ventilation of the carrier layer 10 of the central casing 9 and the functional coating of the containers

1, which prevents the formation of condensate inside the generator, which negatively affects the flammability of the pyrotechnic checkers 11.

The generator operates as follows. When the igniter 14 is initiated by the pulse of the device 15, which is triggered by the signal of the detector of the fire alarm system, the thermal pulse ignites the checker 11.

As a result of end-face combustion of the pyrotechnic composition of the checkers 11, gaseous products of combustion inhibition in the form of aerosol (gases and condensed solid particles) are stationary supplied to the receiver 12.

In the receiver 12, the generated combustion products of the checkers 11 expand, slow down, accumulate and mix, while their temperature and pressure are equalized.

Further, the aerosol combustion products enter the reversal channel, where the above processes proceed more intensively.

In this case, the perforated central casing 9 and the shells 8 are heated, the radiation of which from the gypsum of the layers 10 and 7 respectively evaporates the structural water flowing through the perforations into the channel 13 across the aerosol stream.

Distributed transverse jets of steam from the perforated central casing 9 and the shells 8 of the tanks 1 are actively mixed with the gaseous products of combustion of the checkers 11 in the channel 13, diluting them and further cooling.

Reflecting from the bottom of the tank 1 of the dead end section of the channel 13 (Fig. 1), the gas-aerosol stream enters the slotted nozzle 6. In this case, the extinguishing mixture of streams coming from the receiver 12 and reflected from the bottom of the tank 1 is additionally mixed, accompanied by a temperature distribution.

In the radial slotted nozzle 6, a thin layer of the quenching mixture is actively diluted with water, which is freely evaporated from the ends of the shells 8 in direct contact.

The cooling efficiency of the gas-aerosol extinguishing mixture generated in the proposed generator is confirmed by the fact that the flow temperature measured during testing of prototypes of products at a distance of 100 mm from the nozzle exit 6 does not exceed 50 ° C.

The proposed generators are intended for use both in automatic fire extinguishing systems for stationary installation in a guarded room, and autonomously, when extinguishing a fire manually with a generator according to an embodiment.

The proposed rigid structure is not sensitive to cyclic loads and vibrations, therefore, it can be recommended for use on all types of vehicles.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the level from which the utility model does not explicitly follow for a specialist in fire fighting equipment showed

that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of aerosol generators in conventional mechanical production, we can conclude that the criteria for patentability are met.

Claims (4)

1. A fire extinguishing aerosol generator containing a pyrotechnic checker mounted in a housing made of two dish-shaped containers, counterclockwise flanged, forming a slotted exit nozzle between their functional internal plaster coatings, and an axisymmetric igniter, characterized in that the containers have functional coatings fenced with perforated shells forming an annular reversing channel together with a central casing rigidly connected through the carrier a layer with a single pyrotechnic checker mounted on the bottom of one of the containers of the housing, while the nasty open end of the checkers, where the igniter is mounted, forms together with the bottom of the second capacity of the housing a receiver communicating with a dead end reversal channel. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated casing with a pyrotechnic checker is connected by a layer of gypsum. 3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic checker is mounted in the casing by pressing its composition into an adjacent cardboard interlayer. 4. A fire extinguishing aerosol generator, comprising a housing made of two dish-shaped containers counterclosed by flanges having a functional coating of gypsum inside, an opening for extinguishing the gas-aerosol mixture during pyrotechnic burning, equipped with an axisymmetric igniter, characterized in that the flanging housing they are connected gaplessly through an annular plug; their functional coatings are fenced with perforated shells forming a reversible channel of the receiver and by outlet openings distributed along the periphery of the bottom of the container body, wherein a central perforated casing fixed rigidly connected through a layer of plaster with a single pyrotechnic saber in an open end on the receiver side which is mounted vosplamenenitel.