RU100411U1 - AEROSOL GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. An aerosol generator containing an igniter associated with an external starting device, a pyrotechnic checker mounted in a cylindrical body blocked by a diaphragm, combined with a receiver and mounted in a casing with an annular gap, the casing and the casing being equipped with heat-shielding shells of cured material, characterized in that the casing is filled with liquid oil and is closed by a cover with radial outlet openings, on which a central bracket is mounted that carries transverse disks distributed over the height, substituted between the frames inside the casing above the diaphragm of the casing, covered with a burning membrane, and the means of communication of the igniter with an external starting device are located in a layer of liquid oil. ! 2. The aerosol generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover of the casing is placed in the enclosing chamber, which in the upper part is equipped with exhaust windows. ! 3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a reflective cap is mounted on the lid, the end of which is open downward and is flanged. ! 4. The generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the reflective cap is located in the diffuser open on top, mounted on the casing. ! 5. The generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the diffuser is made in the form of a chamber equipped with exhaust windows.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of firefighting, and in particular to devices whose operation is based on the use of suspended highly dispersed solid particles as aerosol inhibitors, which is formed during the combustion of a piece of pyrotechnic composition and released into the protected volume.

The level of this technical field is characterized by the fire extinguishing aerosol generator described in the invention according to the patent RU 2205671, А62С 3/02, 2002, which contains a pyrotechnic block, a gas-permeable cooling block from a bulk heat-resistant, placed axially in the body through a layer of gypsum (technologically cured material) material, membrane-covered receiver and cover with outlet openings.

The pyrotechnic checker communicates with an axial igniter, which is switched with an external starting device.

The membrane is geometrically contoured on the casing by a lid, the outlet radial openings of which are closed by a bandage made of aluminum foil in service circulation, isolating the internal volume of the generator from the external environment, which makes it possible to use it in conditions of high humidity.

The disadvantage of the described generator is the large loss of the generated aerosol deposited on the granules of the cooling unit, which is a large aerodynamic drag, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of the main action due to the long time required to create a specified quenching concentration of the combustion inhibitors in the protected volume. The low specific yield of the extinguishing aerosol limits the speed of the described generator to extinguish fires.

More perfect is the aerosol generator according to patent RU 2142836, А62С 35/00, 13/22, 1999, which, according to the technical nature and the number of matching features, is chosen as the closest analogue to the proposed aerosol generator.

The known aerosol generator contains a pyrotechnic block of functional composition, an igniter, a receiver and rigidly connected coaxially mounted perforated cylinders of the cooling unit and the casing, equipped with heat-shielding shells of cured material.

The output reversing channel between the casing and the casing of the cooling unit is closed by a lid with nozzles that acts as a diaphragm.

An axial nozzle with ejection windows is additionally fixed on the casing for suction of atmospheric air, which creates turbulent mixing with the jets of the escaping aerosol for more efficient cooling.

Good thermal insulation of the casing allows the use of a well-known generator for manual directional fire extinguishing.

However, the known extinguishing aerosol generator has unsatisfactory functional reliability due to inherent disadvantages.

The pyrotechnic block is isolated from the external environment conditionally hermetically, which does not exclude unauthorized operation of a detonation shock pulse from a protected volume, that is, the structure is not explosion-proof.

This is compounded by the external location of the igniter, which interacts with the pyrotechnic checker through an extended receiver.

The design of the generator simplifies assembly during separate storage of components, but determines the need to use a powerful igniter to guarantee the initiation of sustainable combustion of the pyrotechnic composition of the checkerboard.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to increase the functional reliability of a fire extinguishing aerosol generator by ensuring its explosion safety when exposed to an external unauthorized impulse from a protected environment and a qualitatively higher cooling of the generated aerosol to expand the field of practical use for its intended purpose.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known aerosol generator containing an igniter associated with an external starting device, a pyrotechnic checker installed in a cylindrical body closed by a diaphragm combined with a receiver and mounted in a casing with an annular gap, the casing and casing being equipped with heat-protective shells made of curable material, at the suggestion of the authors, the casing is filled with liquid oil and closed with a cover with radial outlet openings, on which the central is mounted a bracket carrying transverse disks distributed over the height, placed between the frames inside the casing, above the diaphragm of the casing covered with a burning membrane, and the means of communication of the igniter with an external starting device are located in a layer of liquid oil, and the casing cover is located in the enclosing chamber, which is in the upper part equipped with exhaust windows.

A feature of the embodiment of the proposed aerosol generator is that a reflective cap is fixed on the lid, the end face of which is flanged, and the reflective cap is alternatively located in a diffuser open on top, mounted on a casing, which, in particular, is made in the form of a chamber equipped exhaust windows.

Distinctive features are aimed at increasing the functional reliability of the extinguishing aerosol generator by ensuring its explosion safety with a long service life for the protection of premises for various purposes, for example, with an increased content of suspended particles and moisture in the atmosphere.

In addition, the product according to the proposed utility model, according to GOST R51046 from 01.01.98, can be certified as a type III generator (p. 4, table 1), since it ensures the temperature of aerosol products at the outlet cut below 130 ° C, which unattainable for existing aerosol fire extinguishers.

Placing the case with a pyrotechnic checker in the volume of liquid oil filling the casing ensures its tight isolation, excluding operation from an unauthorized initiating impulse of the external environment, that is, the generator is explosion-proof.

The liquid oil filling the casing is chemically inert for the generated extinguishing aerosol, which does not dissolve in the oil, which eliminates unproductive losses of the extinguishing inhibitor.

The oil has a high heat capacity, therefore, it serves as an additional convective aerosol cooler when sparging with ascending jets of the generated aerosol.

The use of liquid oil as an additional cooling medium for the gaseous products of combustion of the pyrotechnic block combined with transportation of the aerosol through the labyrinth channel inside the generator, with repeated braking, dispersion and mixing of its jet streams, ensures equalization and reduction of the temperature of the extinguishing aerosol at the outlet of the generator nozzle to the level of 100 -120 ° C.

It should be noted that liquid oil is inert with respect to the pyrotechnic composition of the checkers, does not dissolve it and does not enter into a chemical reaction. The bomb is isolated to stabilize the ignition and the calculated thermodynamic regime of aerosol generation during end-face combustion of the charge.

The execution of the casing cover with radial outlet openings forms a receiver where the gaseous products of the quenching mixture accumulate and mix, provides a jet transverse outflow of the aerosol at a high speed, as a result of which there is a concomitant injection of air from the protected volume, with which thin aerosol jets are diluted and actively cooled.

In addition, the cover of the casing serves as a supporting element for attaching the central bracket with additional equipment - a cascade of flow chippers of the generated aerosol, made in the form of transverse disks.

Mounting on the central bracket of the transverse disks distributed along the height is necessary for the stepwise braking of the aerosol inside the cooling oil and its reflection, as a result of which the turbulence intensifies in the aerosol, bubbling is activated, heat transfer is intensified, which results in an effective decrease in the temperature of the quenching mixture at the generator outlet.

Thus, the transverse disks serve as screens preventing the free passage of aerosol flows, which are inhibited and reflected, which is accompanied by additional heat release into the oil and increases the contact time of the aerosol with the heat-intensive filling of the casing.

Placing the frames inside the casing between the transverse disks distributed on the central frame together forms a zigzag exit channel for the aerosol, which is characterized by a high gas-dynamic resistance for the ascending aerosol flows, which are inhibited, thereby providing a longer interaction with the oil absorbing thermal energy and additional cooling.

When aerosol is braked, dispersed particles of oil are adsorbed on the surface of the transverse disks, adhering to them, that is, in the bulk they are not taken out of the casing.

When turning the transverse jet streams emerging from the radial openings of the casing cover on the walls of the chamber covering it or the reflecting cap, the above described processes of cooling the aerosol and adsorption of residual oil occur, which drops down the wall and accumulates at the bottom of the chamber or in the volume of the inner flange of the annular nozzle, respectively. Thus, the oil is practically not taken out into the protected volume.

The installation of a combustible membrane on the diaphragm of the casing ensures separation of the casing and the casing in official circulation, that is, isolating the pyrotechnic checker from the oil, and when the aerosol generator is functioning, the membrane burns out almost instantly when it starts up and is not a noticeable obstacle to the distribution of the fire extinguishing aerosol generated by the pyrotechnic checker. .

The placement of the ignitor communication means (electric cords) with an external starting device in the liquid oil layer prevents the breakdown of random electric sparks, since it is a reliable insulator by definition, which increases the functional reliability of the generator.

In a deaf chamber covering the cover of the casing, an excess pressure is generated of the generated aerosol, which is then intensively ejected through its outlet windows to fill the protected volume from above.

The mounting on the cover of the casing of the reflective cap, the end face of which forms an annular exit nozzle, automatically reorients once again the direction of the extinguishing aerosol flow, which expands, is actively mixed, and is additionally cooled before being fed into the protected volume.

Performing at the open end of the reflecting cap, from the side of the output annular nozzle, flanging, where separated particles of oil are separated from the aerosol supplied to the protected volume, prevents physical contamination of the area adjacent to the generator and mottled traces of burnout of oil drops. That is, the flanging at the end of the cap serves as an oil pan for dripping drops of oil along its walls.

When placing the reflecting cap in the diffuser open on top, which is mounted on the casing, active air intake from the outside to the center of the annular aerosol flow coming out of the nozzle is ensured, they are mixed, and the rate of the quenching mixture at the generator exit is reduced.

The placement of the casing cover in the enclosing chamber provided with outlet windows at the top is an alternative when it is necessary, according to the operating conditions, to direct the generated aerosol directly to the protected object or to create a more stable inhibitory curtain in a protected volume.

In this case, the camera performs the functions of an additional receiver, where the quenching mixture is finally cooled by means of air injected from the guarded volume through the outlet windows.

The proposed options for the implementation of the generator and a combination of its structural elements allow, without changing the main essence of the inventive concept, to vary the direction of the outflow of the extinguishing mixture and its aerodynamic mode, in accordance with the operating conditions of the generator as intended.

Consequently, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical task posed is not solved by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the utility model does not explicitly follow for a fire extinguisher specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of serial production of aerosol generators in the existing serial production, we can conclude that patentability criteria.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows:

figure 1 - the proposed generator in longitudinal section;

figure 2 is the same with an additional camera;

figure 3 is an embodiment of a generator with a reflective cap;

figure 4 is the same with an additional diffuser;

Fig. 5 shows a generator with a reflective cap placed in a chamber.

The aerosol generator contains a pyrotechnic checker 2 coaxially mounted in a cylindrical casing 1, which is fixed through a layer 3 of cured material (gypsum, foam concrete, etc.) in a casing 4 mounted with an annular gap 5 relative to the coaxial casing 1.

The casing 1 is equipped with a thermally insulating layer 6 of gypsum or foam concrete, technologically formed in the form of an adjacent shell.

The casing 1 and the thermally insulating layer 6, which are rigidly interconnected, form in a stable aggregate a supporting composite structure that works elastically under alternating loads.

The pyrotechnic checker 2 is equipped with an igniter 7, which is electrically connected by means of communication 8 (electric cords) with an external starting device 9.

The housing 4, combined with the receiver 10, is closed by a diaphragm 11 covered with a burning membrane 12, blocking the outlet openings 13 of the diaphragm 11 in service.

The casing 1 is filled with liquid oil 14 (transformer, motor, etc.), covering the housing 4, over which a number of transverse disks 15 are located, distributed distributed on a central screw bracket 16.

The bracket 16 is suspended on the convex cover 17 of the casing 1, in which there are made radial holes 18 for the exit of the generated aerosol.

Between the transverse disks 15 there are frames 19 fixed inside the casing 1, together forming a zigzag communication channel of the pyrotechnic checker 2 with the outlet openings 18.

Liquid oil 14 is poured into the casing 1 through a through hole in the bottom of the cover 17, which is closed by a threaded plug 20.

The placement of the electrical cords 8 in the layer of oil 14 forms an intrinsically safe electric circuit of the igniter 7, which eliminates the unauthorized start of the generator from extraneous induced pulses.

Additionally, on the casing 1 is mounted a chamber 21, covering its cover 17 with radial holes 18 (figure 2).

The aerosol generator according to an embodiment (Figs. 3-5) is additionally equipped with a reflective cap 23, which bottom rests on a cover 17, which is rigidly connected by a central screw bracket 16 in a structural unity.

The open end of the cap 23 inside is equipped with an annular flange 24, which serves as a drive for droplets of oil flowing down its wall.

An annular gap between the casing 1 and the flanging 24 of the cap 23 form the annular output nozzle 25 of the generator through which the generated aerosol is ejected.

Additionally, on the casing 1 is mounted (figure 4) a diffuser 26, which is open at the top and covers the cover 17 with radial holes 18.

As an alternative (Fig. 5), the diffuser 26 is in the form of a blind chamber 27, equipped with exhaust windows 28, in particular barred.

The proposed aerosol generator operates as follows.

If a fire occurs in the protected volume, an igniter 8 is automatically triggered by a signal from the start-up unit 9, igniting the pyrotechnic composition of the checker 2, during combustion of which gaseous products of combustion inhibitors are formed in the form of an aerosol filling the receiver 10.

In the receiver 10, the generated aerosol fills the volume, mixes, while its temperature and pressure are equalized.

With increasing pressure in the receiver 10 through the holes 13 of the diaphragm 11, the membrane 11 breaks through or burns out from direct contact with hot aerosol, which flows fluidly into the oil 14, filling the casing 1.

In the volume of oil 14, under the action of distributed aerosol jets, bubbling occurs, accompanied by active heat exchange, without chemical interaction.

In the process of burning the checkers 2, the generated aerosol accumulates in the free volume of the casing 1 under the cover 17, where the pressure of the combustion products of the checkers 2 increases.

From the housing 4, the aerosol moves in the cooling oil 14 along a zigzag channel between the frames 20 of the casing 1 and the transverse disks 15 on the bracket 16, which serve as mechanical chippers that prevent the free passage of the aerosol, during braking and turning of which additional heat is extracted - cooling of the aerosol.

On the disks 15 in the free volume of the casing 1, the droplets of oil 14 are separated, carried away by the aerosol leaving the casing 4, which adhere to the surface of the disks 15.

Through the radial holes 18 of the cover 17, the aerosol under pressure is distributed by jets into the protected volume (Fig. 1), where it has an inhibitory effect on the combustion chain reaction, interrupting it, as a result of which the fire is suppressed.

In the generator of FIG. 2, high-speed aerosol outflow through the openings 18 of the cover 17 is accompanied by air injection through the windows 22 into the chamber 21, where they are mixed and accumulated, while the aerosol is actively cooled. Further, the formed extinguishing mixture with increasing pressure is ejected into the protected volume, filling it.

According to the embodiment of the generator (Figs. 3-5), the radial aerosol jets from the casing 1 enter the reflective cap 23, where they unfold when braking on its walls towards the outlet 25 (ring nozzle) of the generator.

When the aerosol flows out through the radial openings 18 of the cover 17, air is intensively injected from the protected volume through the nozzle 25 through the gap between the casing 1 and the flange 24. Relatively cold injected air is actively mixed with the aerosol jets, diluting and significantly cooling it.

When braking aerosol jets on the wall of the cap 23, the residual droplets of oil adhere adhesively to its surface, accumulate, increase and gradually flow into the annular flange at the open end of the cap 23, formed by flanging 24, where they remain for the entire duration of the generator.

Therefore, in the dynamics of the process, oil drops are separated from the extinguishing aerosol, which are not thrown into the protected volume.

Additional cooling of the injected air emerging from the aerosol casing 1 then takes place in the diffuser 26 (Fig. 4) or chamber 27 (Fig. 5), after which the cooled quenching mixture enters the protected volume through the open upper end of the diffuser 25 or outlet windows 28, respectively.

The gas and hydrodynamic regime of the labyrinth flow of the generated aerosol from the burning pyrotechnic checker 2 to the output section of the generator (its nozzle 25, outlet of the diffuser 26, windows 22, 28) organized in this way provides cooling of the inhibitory gaseous products to a temperature in the range of 110-120 ° С, which corresponds to the standard of type III generators, previously not reached the level for all existing aerosol generators.

Tests of prototypes of the proposed generator showed its high fire extinguishing efficiency, reliable operation with full explosion safety in official use and during long-term operation for fire protection of special objects, for example, with an increased content of combustible gases, suspended dust and fibers in the room atmosphere, which form explosive vapor-gas and dust-air mixtures, as well as completely eliminate the way out of the generator together with an aerosol of sparks and solid hot particles, obnyh ignite surrounding materials or objects.

Claims (5)

1. An aerosol generator containing an igniter associated with an external starting device, a pyrotechnic checker mounted in a cylindrical body blocked by a diaphragm, combined with a receiver and mounted in a casing with an annular gap, the casing and the casing being equipped with heat-shielding shells of cured material, characterized in that the casing is filled with liquid oil and is closed by a cover with radial outlet openings, on which a central bracket is mounted that carries transverse disks distributed over the height, substituted between the frames inside the casing above the diaphragm of the casing, covered with a burning membrane, and the means of communication of the igniter with an external starting device are located in a layer of liquid oil. 2. The aerosol generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover of the casing is placed in the enclosing chamber, which in the upper part is equipped with exhaust windows. 3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a reflective cap is mounted on the lid, the end of which is open downward and is flanged. 4. The generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the reflective cap is located in the diffuser open on top, mounted on the casing. 5. The generator according to claim 3, characterized in that the diffuser is made in the form of a chamber equipped with exhaust windows.