RU2391510C1 - Development method of thick coal beds and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: development method of thick coal beds with release of formation under the roof involves cutting of lower layer of the bed with mechanical complex, breaking of the formation under roof and its loading to conveyor. Formation under roof of coal bed is cut with thin hydraulic jets into strips which are broken under influence of ground pressure, and release of mined rock is performed through overlapping access holes of upper covering and side enclosure and loaded to conveyor via covered chutes. Powered support of complex includes base with advancing hydraulic jacks, cap with supply hydraulic jacks, upper covering with four hydraulic posts, side enclosure with supply hydraulic jacks and drag conveyor. Upper protective covering and side enclosure is made of two plates: upper fixed plate and lower movable plate; at that, in upper plates throughout their length and width there made are access holes for release of mined rock.

EFFECT: increasing excavation efficiency, reducing losses and coal ash content.

7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Known mechanized support [1] for working in the undercut layer of a powerful mineral layer with the release of it from the subroofing or interlayer thickness to the block conveyor, including a ceiling pivotally connected to the fence, a hydraulic stand, a base with a console directed towards the mineral outlet, a shutter shield for the release and a hydraulic jack for controlling the shield, one end pivotally fixed to the base, characterized in that the console is equipped with two levers, one ends of which are pivotally connected to the console, each - with a shutter shield, and the hydraulic jack for controlling the shield with the other end is fixed in the articulation of one of the levers with the shield. One of the levers is L-shaped. The shutter is fixed at the bottom of the console.

The disadvantage of mechanized lining is the release of coal to the sub-conveyor belt, which leads to large losses of coal.

Known mechanized support for powerful layers [2], including two mounted on top of each other sections with containers. Each lower section has a base with a lower part fixed to its obstructed end with a guard pivotally connected to the conveyor by the transfer hydraulic cylinders. Each section has a lower part of the fence mounted on top of the obstruction part of the overlap of the lower part of the section. The hydrostations of the upper sections are pivotally mounted on the upper planes of the ceilings of the lower sections, the hydrostations of the lower sections - on the base. The overlapping of the lower sections is made with sliding parts. The upper and lower parts of the fences of each section are connected by rods, hydraulic cylinders, guides. The guides can be moved in the upper parts of the fences with the help of connecting lower sections on the ceilings from above and pivotally connected to them by the other ends of the hydraulic rams. The lower part of the fence may be associated with the overlapping of the lower section with a hydraulic cylinder. The overlap of the lower section can be performed with a controlled retractable part. Overlapping of the lower section can be performed with sides, one of which is made controllable. The overlap of the lower section may have retractable supports installed with the possibility of interaction with the ceilings of the neighboring lower sections. The upper section can be made with a sliding greater than the extension of the lower section. The hydrostations of the lower sections can be made with greater resistance than the hydrostations of the upper ones.

The disadvantages of mechanized lining are a complex structure and its instability.

Known mechanized lining with elements of simultaneous controlled release of self-collapsing coal from the interlayer sequence [3] to reduce coal losses during mining and reduce ash content (clogging by host rocks) by creating a controlled, with dosed release, total coal flow over the lining. Mechanized lining includes a combine, a face scraper conveyor, a section mechanized lining, each section of which consists of a ceiling pivotally connected to the frame, a base, hydroracks, a top, pivotally mounted on the ceiling of a hydraulic jack installed on the base, a device for releasing self-collapsing coal from the interlayer thickness installed in the opening of the ceiling, slab shutter, hydraulic power station and vibrator. In the overlap aperture of each section of the powered lining, a chute is made for the release of self-collapsing coal from the interlayer sequence, expanding in cross section to the discharge side and rigidly fixed to the supporting beams of the overlap, with a bottom resting on the base. The bottom of the gutter is coated with antifriction material, and a plunger feeder is mounted on it, made in the form of a rigid plate, the working surface of which is equipped with wedge corrugations that provide minimal resistance to movement of the rigid plate towards the blockage of coal and maximum friction and adhesion of its working surface when moving towards the discharge of coal . To reciprocate the movement of the rigid plate, the plunger feeder is equipped with hydraulic cylinders mounted on the bottom frame, and the power cavities of the working stroke and the return stroke of the hydraulic cylinder by main pipelines are connected to a common for the groups of plunger feeders control panel for the operation of hydraulic cylinders with a hydraulic pump regulated by productivity. Half of the hydraulic cylinder group is connected in antiphase to the other half of the group. The discharge end of the plunger feeder is located above the downhole scraper conveyor. A pedestrian gangway was made above the unloading end of the plunger feeder to service the mechanized lining assemblies, and the floor opening in the coal outlet section was closed by an uncontrolled chain screen.

The disadvantages of mechanized lining are a complex design, which reduces the reliability of its work.

A known method and unit for the extraction of powerful coal seams [4] to reduce coal losses during mining, reduce ash content (clogging by host rocks) by creating a controlled with a dosed release of the total flow of coal over the mechanized complex. The method of excavating powerful coal seams involves digging the soil stratum with a combine using a sectional mechanized lining, preparing the interlayer stratum of coal for self-collapse, releasing coal of this stratum after collapsing through the openings of the sections of the mechanized lining, and transporting coal from the interlayer stratum with a downhole scraper conveyor. Coal is released from the interlayer sequence by a group of simultaneously working capacity-controlled feeders installed in the apertures of the overlapping sections of powered roof supports with the formation of a single coal stream above the powered roof sections in the interlayer thickness, the speed of which is regulated by the capacity of the feeders, and coal transportation from all simultaneously working feeders produce one downhole scraper conveyor. The unit for the extraction of powerful coal seams includes a combine harvester, a face scraper conveyor, a control panel, a section mechanized support, each section of which consists of a ceiling pivotally connected to the frame, a base, hydraulic stands, a tower, pivotally mounted on the ceiling and connected to it by hydraulic control jacks, a hydraulic jack movement, installed on the basis of the device for the release of self-collapsed coal from the interlayer thickness, installed in the opening of the ceiling, slab shutter and vibrator. An inclined trapezoidal chute for the release of coal is made rigidly attached to the supporting beams of the overlap in the floor opening of each section of the powered roof support. In the bottom of the trapezoidal trough, a feeder regulated in performance is mounted, the discharge end of which is located above the bottomhole scraper conveyor. A slab shutter is installed above the floor opening. The control panel is equipped with elements of simultaneous inclusion in the work of a group of feeders regulated by productivity.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of destruction of the subroofing layer and the limitation of the working space.

A known method and device for controlling the roof and preparing for excavation of powerful layers of minerals with its release from the subroofing layer [5] to increase the safety and efficiency of excavation. SUBSTANCE: method involves conducting mining workings ahead of the working face, treating the roof and mineral with softening reagents and extracting it with treatment complexes with an additional release of mineral from the subroofing stratum. In the under-roof stratum in front of the face, there are hordes and workings at the maximum distance, based on the possibility of the used drilling equipment, which does not allow deviations from it when drilling to process the under-roof stratum to contact the surface of the bottom-hole roof supported by the support of the treatment complex, and double the distance between subsequent the workings necessary to place funds for drilling and supplying softening agent to the wells. After the completion of its injection, these wells and workings are used through jumpers installed in the orts with an outlet pipe for methane extraction and mineral degassing. The raw mineral pack untreated with a softening reagent has a value of no more than one or two steps of excavating coal strips along the entire length of the working face, and the mineral itself is released from the subroofing stratum by sections along the entire length of the working face with no more than 2-3 thicknesses of undercut mineral strips. A device for trimming the subroofing thickness includes sections of mechanized roof support containing a base associated with spacers, a retractable actuator. The lining of the complex from the collapse side between the rear racks contains wedge-shaped cutting racks hydraulically connected to the rear racks. Lifting racks are equipped with individual controls for supplying and discharging hydraulic fluid. Lifting racks contain devices that create when they spread vibration of the hydraulic fluid supplied to them.

The disadvantages of the method are the need for drilling and softening of the coal seam.

There is a method and device for controlling the roof and preparing for excavation of powerful mineral deposits with its release from the subroofing layer [6], which includes conducting a working face in front of the working face, treating the roof and minerals with softening reagents and removing them with treatment complexes with an additional release of minerals from the subroofing strata, characterized in that in order to increase efficiency in the extraction of powerful strata of minerals, in the under-roof stratum in front of the working face pass about mouths and openings at the maximum distance, based on the possibility of the used drilling equipment, which does not allow deviations from it during contact with the surface of the bottom hole supported by the support of the treatment complex during drilling for processing the subroofing layer, and doubles the distance between subsequent workings necessary to place funds for drilling and supplying softening agent to the wells, and after completion of its injection, these wells and workings are used through the jumper installed in the Orts ki with a discharge pipe for methane extraction and mineral degassing.

To improve the process of extracting minerals from the subroofing stratum and increasing the reliability of the treatment system, the lining immediately above it leaves an untreated pack of minerals untreated with a softening reagent to trim it and release it with the treated part of the subroofing thickness by no more than one or two steps of excavating coal strips along the entire length face, and the release of minerals from the subroofing layer is carried out by sections along the entire length of the face to no more than 2-3 thicknesses of scoring polo minerals.

A device for trimming the subroofing thickness, including sections of mechanized roof support, containing a base associated with spacer racks, a retractable actuator to increase the efficiency of the release of minerals from the subroofing thickness, the roof support of the complex from the collapse side between the rear pillars contains wedge-shaped cutting racks hydraulically connected to the rear pillars and at the same time scoring racks are equipped with individual controls for supplying and discharging hydraulic fluid.

To provide a limited vibrational impact on the subroofing layer with scoring racks, they contain devices that create, when they are spread, the vibration of the hydraulic fluid supplied to them.

The disadvantages of the method are the need for softening the coal seam and the creation of vibration effects.

There is a method of developing powerful coal seams with coal excavation from the soil of the layer layer with a thickness of 2.5-3.0 m and the release of the loosened subroofing layer to the sub-conveyor belt [7. - S.64-65, Fig.2.6, c], adopted for the prototype, with the implementation on the complexes KM-145, KM-144, KM-142, UKP-5, etc., as well as the use of mechanized support for the PRC [7. - S.64-65, Fig.2.6 g], including undercutting of the formation near the soil, loosening of the subroofing layer due to rock pressure, bypassing the rock mass along the upper floor and side railing and releasing the loosened rock to the undercutter by feeding the side railing and freeing the passage rock mass to it.

The disadvantages of mechanized lining are heavy losses, the release of coal and rock on the under-conveyor belt, which leads to a large ash content of the rock mass.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the extraction and reduce losses and ash content of coal.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that:

- the subroofing layer of the coal seam is cut with thin hydraulic jets into strips that are destroyed under the influence of rock pressure, and the rock mass is discharged through the overlapping hatches of the upper floor and side rails and transferred to the under-conveyor conveyor through closed gutters;

- the upper protective overlap and the side fence are made of two plates: the upper fixed and the lower movable, while in the upper plates along the entire length and width hatches are cut to release the rock mass from the subroofing layer, the dimensions of which and the distances between them are chosen from the condition of their overlap movable lower plates, and in the intervals between the hatches, nozzles of high-pressure jets are installed that cut the under-roof thickness, and grooves are left in the movable plates for supplying a flexible pipeline of high-pressure water s;

- thin high-pressure jets with a diameter of 2-3 mm under a pressure of 10-20 MPa cut the roofing thickness into strips with a step, the size of which is selected from the condition of overlapping them with movable lower plates;

- thin high-pressure jets provide humidity of the rock mass in the subroofing thickness within 10-16% and reduce dust formation during its release;

- the edges of the movable plates overlapping the hatches and the edges of the hatches of the fixed plates of the upper overlap and side rails are counter-pointed and hardened to ensure the split of oversized, caught in the hatches, when they are closed.

- inclined troughs for bypassing the rock mass are parabolic in shape and are installed under the upper floor and side railing at an angle not less than the angle of repose for bulk materials;

- nozzles nozzles made movable in the plane of the cut and have an angle of rotation of 25-30 °.

The method and device for its implementation is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the implementation of the method (side view).

Figure 2 presents the mechanized lining (top view).

Figure 3 presents the node A.

Symbols adopted in the drawings: 1 - removable layer of coal; 2 - subroofing thickness; 3 - the main roof; 4 - shearer; 5 - downhole conveyor; 6 - suction conveyor; 7 - mechanized lining with a base 8 and hydraulic jacks feed 9; 10 - upper floor with hydraulic racks 11, 12, visor 13 with hydraulic jacks for supply 14, hydraulic jacks for closing hatches 15, hatches 16, nozzles 17 and grooves 19 of the upper ceiling, 20 - lateral fence with hydraulic jacks for feeding 21, hydraulic jacks for closing hatches of side rails 22, with hatches 23, nozzles 24, side channel chute 25, 26 - high-pressure pump with flexible piping 27.

The essence of the method for developing powerful coal seams and a device for its implementation is as follows.

The shearer 4 takes out the coal chips at the full capacity of layer 1, and the powered support 8 moves to the width of the removed chips. The subroofing layer is destroyed by thin high-pressure hydraulic jets from nozzles 17 with a diameter of 2-3 mm and a pressure of 1000-2000 MPa created by the high-pressure pump 26, and the destroyed rock mass is discharged through hatches 16 closed by hydraulic jacks 15 into an inclined groove 19 of the upper ceiling 10 from which it enters into the inclined groove 25 of the side fence 20, and then transferred to the winding conveyor 6. The hatches 23 and the nozzles 24 of the side fence 20 closed by the hydraulic jack 22 are involved in the process of releasing the rock mass at high power awnings of subroofing thickness.

To prevent getting into the hatches of oversized rock mass, the upper floor 10, the side fence 20 are made in the form of two layers. The upper layer is fixed, has hatches 16 and 23, nozzles 17, 24, respectively, and the lower layer is movable, has slots for supplying water to the moving nozzles and drive from hydraulic jacks 15 and 22, respectively. Edges of hatches and gate valves are counter-pointed and hardened for crushing oversized.

Under the upper overlap 10 and the side railing 20 there are inclined grooves 19 and 25, respectively, having a parabolic cross-sectional shape and overlapping each other, and the angle of inclination of the grooves is selected from the design features of the mechanized roof support, but not less than the angle of repose for bulk material.

Information sources

1. Application of the Russian Federation No. 2003101852/03. Mechanized lining section. IPC E21D 23/04. Will declare. OJSC Design and Experimental Institute of Coal Engineering. Auth. Kovalchuk A.B., Savchenko P.F., Salamatin A.G. Claim 2003.01.24. Publ. 2004.07.20.

2. RF patent No.2010976. IPC E21D 23/00, E21D 19/02. Will declare. Moscow Research and Design Coal Institute. Auth. Popov A.G. Claim 1990.12.17. Publ. 1994.04.15.

3. RF patent No. 2184242. Mechanized lining. IPC E21D 23/00. Will declare. Institute of Mining - Research Institute of the SB RAS. Auth. Klishin V.I., Shundulidi I.A., Fokin Yu.S., Kokoulin D.I., Durnin M.K., Vlasov V.N. Claim 2001.07.26. Publ. 06/06/2002.

4. RF patent No. 2181843. Method and unit for the extraction of powerful coal seams. IPC E21D 23/06, E21D 23/03. Will declare. State Design and Experimental Institute of Coal Engineering. Auth. Salamatin A.G., Klishin V.I., Savchenko P.F., Vlasov V.N., Razumnyak N.L., Bernatsky V.A. Claim 09.09.28. Publ. 2002.04.27.

5. RF patent No. 2253017. A method and device for controlling the roof and preparing for excavation of powerful mineral strata with the release of it from the subroofing thickness. IPC E21D 23/00, E21C 41/18. Will declare. GUP GPIGD them. A.A. Skochinsky. Auth. Kuznetsov A.A., Antipov A.N., Martsinkevich G.I. Claim 08/08/06. Publ. 2004.02.20.

6. RF application No. 20022120879/03. A method and device for controlling the roof and preparing for excavation of powerful mineral strata with the release of it from the subroofing thickness. IPC E21D 23/00 E21C 41/18. Will declare. GUP GP-IGD named after A.A. Skochinsky. Auth. Kuznetsov A.A., Antipov A.N., Martsinkevich G.I. Claim 08/08/06. Publ. 2004.02.20.

7. Fryanov V.N., Chubrikov A.V. Justification of the parameters of the technology for the preparation and development of powerful flat formations. - Novokuznetsk, 2002 .-- 21 p. (p. 64-65, fig. 2.6 c, d).

Claims (7)

1. A method of developing powerful coal seams, including trimming the lower layer of the seam with a mechanized complex, destroying the subroofing stratum and releasing it into the undersized conveyor, characterized in that the subroofing seam of the seam is cut with thin hydraulic jets into strips that are destroyed by rock pressure, and the outlet the rock mass is produced through the overlapping hatches of the upper floor and the side rails, and is released to the sub-conveyor through closed gutters. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that thin high-pressure jets with a diameter of 2-3 mm under a pressure of 10-20 MPa cut the subroofing thickness into strips with a step, the size of which is selected from the condition of overlapping them with movable lower plates. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin high-pressure jets provide moisture to the rock mass in the subroofing layer in the range of 10-16% and reduce dust formation during its release. 4. Mechanized roof support of the complex, which implements the method of developing powerful coal seams according to claim 1, including a base with hydraulic jacks for the feed, a visor with hydraulic jacks for the feed, an upper ceiling with four hydraulic jacks, a side fence with hydraulic jacks for the feed, and a gantry scraper conveyor, characterized in that the upper protective the overlap and side railing are made of two plates: the upper fixed and the lower movable, while hatches are cut in the upper plates along the entire length and width to release the rock mass from the subroofing thickness of the formation, the sizes of which and the distances between them are selected from the condition of their overlapping by the movable lower plates, and nozzles of high-pressure jets are installed in the spaces between the hatches, cutting the subroofing thickness, and grooves are left in the movable plates for supplying a flexible pipeline of high-pressure water. 5. Mechanized support according to claim 4, characterized in that the edges of the movable plates overlapping the hatches and the edges of the hatches of the fixed plates of the upper floor and side rails are counter-pointed and hardened to ensure that the oversized materials that enter the hatches are split when they are closed. 6. Mechanized lining according to claim 4, characterized in that the inclined troughs for bypassing the rock mass are parabolic in shape and are installed under the upper ceiling and side railing at an angle not less than the angle of repose for bulk materials. 7. Mechanized support according to claim 4, characterized in that the nozzles are made movable in the plane of the cut and have an angle of rotation of 25-30 °.

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