RU2389841C2 - Built-up composite sleeper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device comprises sleeper body with its inside representing a comb with ribs and consisting of 60% by weight of wood and 40% by weight of composite material that fill free space between comb ribs. Composite material comprises, % by weight: fine rubber chips from worn-out automotive tires - 50%, wood fibers - 30%, polypropylene - 10%, preservative ZTK-10%. Sleeper top bed is made from veneer sheets made by, for example LVL technology and attached to said comb and ribs, and has drilled holes to receive wood screws.

EFFECT: longer life.

4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the woodworking industry and can be used in stationary and temporary railway tracks.

State of the art

The author is aware of the design of wooden sleepers according to GOST 78-89, made from solid wood with a diameter of more than 26 cm, it should be noted that due to the shortage of large timber, the production volumes of such sleepers are reduced from year to year, and their cost is constantly increasing. Such railway sleepers in the railway track are supported by elastic ballast and bend under load from the rolling stock, the most pronounced deflection of the railway axis being observed under the rail, and the central part of the railway axis practically remains unchanged, i.e. bending moment does not act on it. As a result, the elastic subsidence of the sleepers at different points is different, the pressure stress from the sleepers to the ballast, and hence the stress of the reaction of the ballast to the sleepers along its length, are also different: more under the rails and much less towards the middle of the sleepers, so the ballast is knocked under the sleepers denser under-rail zones and much weaker towards the middle of the sleepers. From this it follows that the whole-cross tie at the time of rolling stock runs unevenly, its ends practically perceive the entire load, and the middle of the sleepers acts as a neutral mass. It follows that according to the operating conditions of the sleepers in the rail track, its mass is significantly overstated, and, in addition, almost useless work is carried out to knock the ballast into the middle of the sleepers.

The authors also know reinforced concrete sleepers in accordance with GOST 10629-90, according to which squared concrete sleepers are made, in which, to create a preliminary tension in the sleepers, a high-strength wire of longitudinal reinforcement is tensioned before it is concrete, the ends of the wire are released after concrete has set, and it compresses the concrete. Sleepers are made of heavy concrete of grade 500. The disadvantages of such sleepers are, first of all, the great demand for metal, which sharply increases the cost of sleepers, significant weight, the difficulty of fastening the rail to the sleepers, the need for special insulating materials, the high rigidity of the sleepers, which leads to increased loads on the rolling stock at the time the wheels pass the joints of the rails and on the corners, difficulties in diagnosing the quality of the sleepers during its operation and culling, the risk of using such sleepers in Talnoye climate where possible its destruction under the wheels of the rolling stock.

The authors also know wood concrete sleepers, RF patent No. 2306376, in which a round wooden rod with a diameter ^of _{1/2 the} height of the sleepers of the corresponding type with a screw thread pitch equal to ^1/2 _{of the} diameter of the rod, a depth of cut of 0.01 diameter and a groove width of 0, 1 diameter of the rod, on top of the wooden rod there are two wooden inserts attached to the upper bed of the sleepers for mounting rail strips on them, and along the longitudinal axis of the wooden rod along its entire length, rectangular grooves are cut with a depth and width of 0.1 the diameter of the rod, while the ratio in the concrete and wood sleepers, depending on the type of sleepers, is distributed equally in geometric dimensions.

Despite the fact that there is no metal in such a railroad tie, by its properties it repeats all the shortcomings of reinforced concrete sleepers and, in addition, is less reliable during operation, especially on main railway tracks.

The authors know the design of glued sleepers (see Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M., Moscow State University, 1999 - 94 p., P. 28-37), which consists of several bars of different sections and lengths glued together between themselves. Such a tie allows you to save large-sized wood, but in operation it behaves exactly the same as a solid timber, therefore, it has an increased unnecessary mass and unsatisfactory performance.

The authors are aware of composite sleepers of various designs, combined sleepers, reinforced concrete sleepers, metal sleepers (see. Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M., MGUL, 1999 - 94 p., Pp. 37-46), In addition to some saving of wood material, they have all the disadvantages of a single-piece wooden sleepers.

The authors also know wood-metal sleepers, RF patent No. 2262564, where the supporting part of the sleepers under the rail and rail gasket is made round in the form of two cylindrical bars with a diameter of at least 400 mm, interconnected by a metal rod with a diameter of at least 30 mm. However, metal is included in the composition of the sleepers, which makes the sleepers expensive, in addition, the state of wood and metal in open air with sharp changes in temperature and humidity affects the reliability of the sleepers and reduces its service life.

The authors also know the composite wooden sleepers according to TU-13-027695-401-89 (see also Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M., MGUL, 1999 - 94 pp., Pp. 19-28) , which is assembled from two wooden bars with bolts, washers and nuts. Such a sleeper is even heavier in weight than a whole-sleeper, due to metal fittings, is laid on the ballast with the entire lower bed and therefore has all the disadvantages of a single-strand sleeper.

The authors also know the prototype - a composite sleeper according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2256020, which is assembled from two solid wooden bars with three blind holes for the threads in each bar, interconnected in a horizontal plane by three round wooden rods with left and right threads at the ends, this solid wood block and one end of a round wooden rod in its threaded part connected by a locking wooden sleeve, and the cross-section of the beam corresponds to the cross-section of a single-piece sleepers.

The presence of wooden bars with wooden thread and round rods with wooden thread screwed into the bars does not allow isolating the thread from precipitation and temperature extremes, which drastically reduces the reliability of such sleepers and reduces its service life.

Disclosure of invention

A composite composite sleeper is proposed, which can be used on stationary and temporary railway tracks. In this case, the main body of the sleepers inside is made in the form of a comb with ribs and consists of 60% wood and 40% of the composite material by weight, and the free space between the ribs is filled with pressed composite material having a composition by weight of material: small rubber crumb of old car tires - 50 %, wood fibers - 30%, polypropylene - 10%, ZhTK antiseptic - 10%, and the upper bed of sleepers is made of veneer sheets, for example, according to LVL technology and attached to a comb and ribs, and has drilled holes for screws.

The presence of such distinguishing features from the prototype allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution has a significant novelty.

To prove the conformity of the composite composite sleepers to the criterion of significant difference, a comparison was made of the main features with the prototype according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2256020. As a result, it was found that the proposed composite composite sleeper with the same mass has a service life of 2.1 times longer, and uses waste from processing automobile worn tires and wood processing waste converted into wood fiber impregnated with polypropylene as a composite material and ZHTK antiseptic, and then this composite mass is pressed between the ribs of the sleepers.

The technical result, which gives a positive effect in comparison with the prototype, is determined by the properties and indicators given in table 1.

Table 1 Comparison results Properties and other indicators The claimed product Prototype according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2256020 The composition of the sleepers Wood - 60% 2 solid bars Composite material - 40% 3 rods The composition of the composite material by weight Small rubber crumb of old car tires - 50%, wood fiber - 30%, polypropylene - 10%, antisptic ZhTK-10% Wood - 100% Bonding Composition Synthetic veneer adhesive Wood rods ⌀34 mm The weight of the sleepers, kg 40,0 40,0 Fastening sleepers to rails Crutches Crutches The relative life of the sleepers 3.0 1.4

An analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that a composite composite sleeper can be technically implemented, as it has all the necessary parameters and design of the composite elements.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a composite composite sleepers with holes for screws.

Figure 2 shows a top view of a composite composite sleepers with the upper bed removed.

Figure 3 shows a section aa of a composite sleepers without an upper bed.

Figure 4 shows a section bB with the upper bed.

The implementation of the invention

Composite composite sleepers 1 consists of a wooden comb 2 with ribs 3, the free space between which is filled with pressed composite material 4 in the composition by weight of material: fine rubber crumb of old car tires - 50%, wood fibers - 30%, polypropylene - 10%, antiseptic ZHTK - 10%. Top bed 5 is glued to the comb and ribs, made of veneer sheets, for example, according to LVL technology, and has holes 6 for fastening rail gaskets.

The production of composite composite sleepers is carried out by milling comb 2 with ribs 3 in solid wood, into which the prepared composite material 4 is mainly pressed from production waste, pressed into several free spaces between them, and the wood fibers are prepared from milling chips, which are obtained in the manufacture of comb 2 with ribs 3, and small rubber crumb is extracted from old worn-out car tires, polypropylene in the amount of 10% is added to the mixture so that We stuck together well and harden the major components of the composite material, wherein the antiseptic ZHTK pressed together with the composite material and impregnates comb and edges, protecting them from further decomposition. When the free space between the ribs of the comb is filled, a sleeper bed 5 is glued on top, made for strength from veneer sheets, for example, according to the LVL technology, in which holes for the screws of the rail strip are already pre-drilled.

The implementation of composite composite sleepers made of wood, composite material and veneer slabs will dramatically increase the service life of sleepers in railway tracks, since the impregnation of sleepers with ZhTK antiseptic is carried out from the inside, and the upper bed made of veneer sheets using the LVL technology significantly increases the service life of sleepers , since it is practically not replaced under the rail gasket and can be quickly replaced without damage to the entire sleeper when it is damaged due to mechanical damage. It should be borne in mind that the bulk of the sleepers are made of composite material that uses industrial waste, and the sleepers themselves are much lighter than type I railway sleepers. Such a sleeper will be convenient in operation, since it has standard rigidity and with the help of composite material it dampens dynamic impacts of wheelsets of rolling stock well.

Claims (1)

Composite composite sleepers for stationary and temporary railway tracks, having a casing, characterized in that the casing of the sleepers inside is made in the form of a comb with ribs and consists of 60% wood and 40% of the composite material by weight, and the free space between the ribs is filled with pressed composite material, having a composition by weight of material: small rubber crumb of old car tires 50%, wood fibers 30%, polypropylene 10%, antiseptic ZhTK 10%, and the upper bed of sleepers is made of veneer sheets, for example, by hnologii LVL, and attached to a comb and ribs and has drilled holes for screws.

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