RU2256020C1 - Composite tie - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; permanent way.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wood-working industry and it can be used on stationary and temporary tracks. Proposed composite tie is made up of two solid wooden bars with three blind holes for thread in each bar interconnected in horizontal plane by three round wooden pegs with left-hand and right-hand thread on ends. Solid wooden bar and one end of round wooden peg in its threaded part are connected by stop wooden bushing. Cross-section of bar corresponds to cross-section of solid bar tie. Invention provides reduction of expenditure of large-size wood, improves condition of track ballast layer, reduces cost of ballast tamping, improved track characteristics, increases service life of its and provides possibility of use of logs of length up to 1 m.

EFFECT: reduced cost of track laying.

1 tbl, 6 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the woodworking industry and can be used on stationary and temporary railway tracks.

State of the art

The author is aware of the design of wooden sleepers according to GOST 78-89, made from solid wood with a diameter of more than 26 cm, it should be noted that due to the shortage of large timber, the production volumes of such sleepers are reduced from year to year, and their cost is constantly increasing. Such railway sleepers in the railway track are supported by elastic ballast and bend under load from the rolling stock, the most pronounced deflection of the railway axis being observed under the rail, and the central part of the railway axis practically remains unchanged, i.e. bending moment does not act on it. As a result, the elastic subsidence of the sleepers at different points is different, the pressure stress from the sleepers to the ballast, and hence the stress of the reaction of the ballast to the sleepers along its length, are also different: more under the rails and much less towards the middle of the sleepers, so the ballast is knocked under the sleepers denser under-rail zones and much weaker towards the middle of the sleepers. From this it follows that the whole-cross tie at the time of rolling stock runs unevenly, its ends practically perceive the entire load, and the middle of the sleepers acts as a neutral mass. It follows that according to the operating conditions of the sleepers in the rail track, its mass is significantly overestimated, and, in addition, almost useless work is carried out to knock the ballast into the middle of the sleepers.

The author is aware of the construction of glued sleepers (see Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M: MGUL, 1999 - 94 pages, p. 28-37), which consists of several bars of different sections and lengths glued together between themselves. Such a tie allows you to save large-sized wood, but in operation it behaves exactly the same as a solid timber, therefore, it has an increased unnecessary mass and unsatisfactory performance.

The author knows composite sleepers of various designs, combined sleepers, reinforced concrete sleepers, metal sleepers (see. Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M .: MGUL, 1999 - 94 p., Pp. 37-46), In addition to some saving of wood material, they have all the disadvantages of a single-piece wooden sleepers.

The author is also known for the prototype - a composite wooden sleeper according to TU-13-027695-401-89 (see also Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M: MGUL, 1999 - 94 pp., P. 19 -28), which is assembled from two wooden bars with bolts, washers and nuts. Such a sleeper is even heavier in weight than a whole-sleeper, due to metal fittings, is laid on the ballast with the entire lower bed and therefore has all the disadvantages of a single-strand sleeper.

Disclosure of invention

The proposed composite sleepers, which can be used on stationary and temporary railway tracks, are assembled from two solid wooden bars with three blind holes for threading with a cross-section corresponding to a single-piece railway tie connected to each other in a horizontal plane by three round wooden rods having left and right ends thread, while a solid wooden block and one end of a round wooden rod in its threaded part are connected by a locking wooden sleeve.

The presence of such distinguishing features from the prototype allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution has significant novelty.

To prove the compliance of the composite sleepers with the criterion of significant difference, a comparison was made of the main features with the prototype, composite sleepers according to TU-13-027695-401-89. As a result, it was found that the proposed composite sleepers are 40% lighter, can be made of churaks 1 m long and 26 cm in diameter, have a significantly longer service life (40% longer), do not fully rely on ballast and in the middle part, not requires ballast tamping.

The technical result, which gives a positive effect in comparison with the prototype, is determined by the properties and indicators given in table 1.

Table 1 Comparison results Properties and other indicators The claimed product Prototype compound sleepers according to TU-13-027695-401-89 1 2 3 The weight of the sleepers 40 kg 70 kg The composition of the sleepers 2 - solid bars
3 - rod 2 - solid bars
3 - bolts
3 - nuts
6 - washers The size of solid bars Thickness - 180 mm
Width - 250 mm
Length - 900 mm Thickness - 160 mm
Width - 125 mm
Length - 2750 mm Bonding Composition Wood rods ⌀34 mm ⌀30 mm bolts
Washers
Nuts Bearing ratio 100% wood 85% - tree
15% - metal Fastening rails to sleepers Crutches Crutches Ballast tack Under the middle part of the sleepers is not required Uneven along the entire length of the sleepers

1 2 3 The relative life of the sleepers 1.4 1,0 Raw materials for manufacturing Churaki 1 m long, 26 cm in diameter Assortments 2.75 m long, 48 cm in diameter

An analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that a composite sleeper can be technically implemented, since it has all the necessary parameters and design of composite elements.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the bend of a single-rail sleepers under load from the rolling stock, the arrows show the reaction forces of the ballast, proportional to the deflection of the sleepers.

Figure 2 shows a front view of a composite sleepers.

Figure 3 shows a top view of a composite sleepers.

Figure 4 shows the thread of the end of a round rod.

Figure 5 shows the thread pitch in footnote I.

Figure 6 shows a view of a round rod along section AA.

The implementation of the invention

Composite sleepers include two solid bars, right 1 and left 2, in which blind holes 3 are drilled for threading the right and left, respectively, three round wooden rods 4 having right 5 and left 6 threads at the ends. A locking wooden sleeve 7 is inserted into a solid wooden block and one end of a round wooden rod.

The production of composite sleepers begins with the cutting of solid wooden bars 1 and 2 with a cross section of 180 × 250 mm and a length of 900 mm, in which three blind holes 3 are then drilled and cut into the right bar 1 right thread 5 and in the left bar - left thread 6. Then they are made three round wooden rods 4, at the ends of which the right-hand thread 5 and the left-hand thread 6 are cut. When assembling the sleepers, all three round rods are simultaneously screwed into the threaded holes of the solid wooden blocks, and after that, a hole is drilled into the solid block as an assembly e and on one end of a round wooden rod into which the sleeve is hammered retaining wooden 7 is flush with top layer integral tie. In this form, the sleepers are considered assembled and delivered to the consumer.

The composite sleepers are laid on the railway track using the standard technology for laying the sleepers on the ballast of the railway track and with tamping ballast only for solid wooden blocks.

The implementation of composite sleepers will dramatically reduce the consumption of large-sized timber, which is now spent on the production of full-rail sleepers, improve the condition of the ballast layer of the railway track, reduce the cost of tamping ballast under the sleepers, improve the economic performance of the railway track, extend the life of the sleepers, and allow the utilization of small ridges lengths, up to 1 m, for finished products.

Claims (1)

Compound sleepers containing wooden blocks, characterized in that it is assembled from two solid wooden blocks with three blind holes for the thread in each bar, connected to each other in a horizontal plane by three round wooden rods having left and right threads at the ends, while the whole wooden a bar and one end of a round wooden rod in its threaded part are connected by a retaining wooden sleeve, and the cross-section of the bar corresponds to the cross-section of a whole-rail sleepers.

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