RU2262564C1 - Wooden-and-metal sleeper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: woodworking industry, particularly adapted to be used on permanent and temporary railroad tracks.

SUBSTANCE: wooden-and-metal sleeper has wooden battens. Support sleeper part for rail laying and for tie plate installation is round and made as two cylindrical battens having diameters of not less than 400 mm and connected one to another by metal rod with diameter of not less than 30 mm.

EFFECT: reduced sleeper mass, decreased wooden material consumption due to short wood cuts usage, increased service life, prevention of ballast tamping under medium part of the sleeper.

2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the woodworking industry and can be used on stationary and temporary railway tracks.

State of the art

The author is aware of the design of wooden sleepers according to GOST 78-89, made from solid wood with a diameter of more than 26 cm, it should be noted that due to the shortage of large timber, the production volumes of such sleepers are reduced from year to year, and their cost is constantly increasing. Such railway sleepers in the railway track are supported by elastic ballast and bend under load from the rolling stock, the most pronounced deflection of the railway axis being observed under the rail, and the central part of the railway axis practically remains unchanged, i.e. the bending moment does not act on it. As a result, the elastic subsidence of the sleepers at different points is different, the pressure stress from the sleepers to the ballast, and therefore the reaction stress of the ballast to the sleepers along its length, are also different: more under the rails and much less towards the middle of the sleepers, therefore, the ballast is knocked down under the sleepers more densely in the under-rail zones and is much weaker towards the middle of the sleepers. From this it follows that the whole-cross tie at the time of rolling stock runs unevenly, its ends practically perceive the entire load, and the middle of the sleepers acts as a neutral mass. It follows that according to the operating conditions of the sleepers in the rail track, its mass is significantly overestimated, and, in addition, almost useless work is carried out to knock the ballast into the middle of the sleepers.

The author is aware of the construction of glued sleepers (see Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M., Moscow State University, 1999-94, p. 28-37), which consists of several bars of different sections and lengths, glued together between themselves. Such a tie allows you to save large-sized wood, but in operation it behaves exactly the same as a solid timber, therefore, it has an increased unnecessary mass and unsatisfactory performance.

The author is aware of composite sleepers of various designs, combined sleepers, reinforced concrete sleepers, metal sleepers (see. Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M., MGUL, 1999 - 94 p., Pp. 37-46), In addition to some saving of wood material, they have all the disadvantages of a single-piece wooden sleepers.

The author is also known for the prototype - a composite wooden sleeper according to TU-13-027695-401-89 (see also Selivanov NF and other Sleepers. Reference manual. M., Moscow State University, 1999-94 pp., P. 19 -28), which is assembled from two wooden bars with bolts, washers and nuts. Such a sleeper is even heavier in weight than a whole-sleeper, due to metal fittings, is laid on the ballast with the entire lower bed and therefore has all the disadvantages of a single-strand sleeper.

Disclosure of invention

The proposed wood-metal sleepers, which can be used on stationary and temporary railway tracks, are designed so that the supporting part of the sleepers under the rail and rail is round, in the form of two cylindrical bars with a diameter of at least 400 mm, interconnected by a metal rod with a diameter of at least 30 mm .

The presence of such distinguishing features from the prototype allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution has significant novelty.

To prove the conformity of wood metal sleepers to the criterion of significant difference, a comparison was made of the main features with the prototype, composite sleepers according to TU-13-027695-401-89. As a result, it was found that the proposed composite sleepers are 43% lighter, can be made of churaks 0.5 m long and 40 cm in diameter, have a significantly longer service life (40% longer), and do not fully rely on ballast in the middle part , does not require ballast tacking.

The technical result, which gives a positive effect in comparison with the prototype, is determined by the properties and indicators given in table 1.

Table 1
Comparison results Properties and other indicators The claimed product Prototype compound sleepers according to TU-13-027695-401-89 The weight of the sleepers 30 kg 70 kg The composition of the sleepers 2 - round cylindrical 2 - solid bars bar 3 - bolts 1 - metal rod 3 - nuts 2 - nuts and washers 6 - washers One piece size Diameter - 400 mm Thickness - 160 mm Bruskov Length - 500 mm Width - 125 mm Length - 2750 mm Composition Стерж30 mm metal rod Bolts ⌀ 30 mm Bonding Washers
Nuts Ratio 95% - wood 85% - tree bearing parts 5% - metal 15% - metal Fastening rails to sleepers Crutches Crutches Ballast tack Under the middle part of the sleepers is not required Uneven along the entire length of the sleepers The relative life of the sleepers 1.4 1,0 Raw materials for manufacturing Churaki 0.5 m long, 40 cm in diameter Assortments 2.75 m long, 26 cm in diameter

An analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that the wood-metal sleepers can be technically implemented, as it has all the necessary parameters and designs of the constituent elements.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents a General view of a wooden sleepers from above with fastening on it gaskets and rails.

Figure 2 shows a General view of the sleepers from the side with the mounting of a metal rod on it.

The implementation of the invention

The wood sleeper includes two round cylindrical wooden blocks 1, interconnected by a metal rod 2 inserted into a hole drilled through through in a cylindrical wooden block and fixed at the end by a nut 3 with a washer. The rail 4 is laid on the gasket 5 and attached to the wooden round bar with crutches 6. The wooden part of the sleepers is buried in the ballast of the railway track.

The production of wood-metal sleepers begins with the processing of round assortments on a machine for the production of round beams, and then the processed assortment is sawn into bars 1, in which through holes are then drilled for a metal rod 2. When assembling a wood-metal sleepers, a metal rod having a thread at both ends is inserted into the drilled hole, and its ends are fixed with nuts 3. In this form, the metal sleeper is considered assembled and delivered to the consumer.

The wood-metal sleepers are laid on the railway track according to the standard technology of laying the sleepers on the ballast of the railway track and with tamping of the ballast only under round cylindrical wooden blocks.

The implementation of wood-metal sleepers will dramatically reduce the consumption of large-sized timber, which is now spent on the production of full-rail sleepers, improve the condition of the ballast layer of the railway track, reduce the cost of tamping ballast under the sleepers, improve the economic performance of the railway track, extend the life of the sleepers, and allow the utilization of small ridges lengths up to 0.5 m for finished products.

Claims (1)

Wood-metal sleepers containing wooden bars, characterized in that the supporting part of the sleepers under the rail and rail gasket is made round in the form of two cylindrical bars with a diameter of at least 400 mm, interconnected by a metal rod with a diameter of at least 30 mm.

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