RU2383137C1 - Curved casing net for sausage products, method of manufacturing curved casing net for sausage products, sausage product casing and cased sausage product - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: casing net for sausage products consists of at least three lengthwise ropes and cross-links connecting every pair of adjacent ropes so as to form net meshes in which the opposite sides, formed by sections of the adjacent ropes, have unequal lengths. The lengthwise ropes have a knitted loopy structure made from open or closed single "chain" loops and the unequal length of net meshes is provided due to creating unequal takedown traction for each loop in the loopy structure of the adjacent ropes. The ropes can contain a filling thread. The sausage product includes a sausage casing, which is connected to the claimed net and has a shape imitating the curved line of natural bung.

EFFECT: invention can find its application in packages used for manufacturing sausage products as well as in the products that are packed into casings covered with nets.

18 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to packages used in the manufacture of sausages, namely, nets of casings for sausages, casings for sausages using nets, and also to products that are packed in casings coated with nets.

The presence of the mesh in the packaging of sausage products and other food products is explained by the need to relieve stress from the shell obtained from internal pressure during filling with the food product, as well as the need to give the sausage product a particularly relief structure.

There are various structural solutions of shell meshes for sausages, consisting of intersecting threads forming a cellular mesh structure (for example, described in Japan patent No. 2225161, IPC A22C 13/00, publ. 1990; Ukrainian patent No. 19029, IPC A22C 13 / 00, publ. 2006).

Known structural solutions are not strong enough.

Known mesh casing for sausages, consisting of woven honeycomb bundles forming a cellular mesh structure (European patent EP 1498035, IPC A22C 13/00, publ. 2005).

Known structural solution has a great complexity in the manufacture.

Known mesh casing for sausages, consisting of threads longitudinally and transversely relative to the longitudinal axis of the mesh and forming its structure in the form of rectangular cells (UK patent No. 993531, IPC A22C 13/00, publ. 1965).

Known structural solution has great complexity in the manufacture and requires a large consumption of material.

Known mesh casing for sausages (RF patent No. 69708, publ. 2008), containing at least three longitudinal bundles and connecting every two adjacent (nearby) bundles transverse links located at a given distance from each other. Longitudinal strands have a loop structure, and cross ties consist of one, two or three single strands that make up the loop structure of the bundle, with each bundle containing a weft thread included inside the chain along the entire length of the bundle and forming two fastening loops at the points of cross-linking, connected by threads of transverse bonds with adjacent tows located on both sides.

The casing for sausages is connected to the proposed mesh, in particular, it can be glued to the mesh.

This grid is intended for sausages having a straight cylindrical shape.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a curved mesh shell for sausages, with improved strength characteristics, designed for sausages coated with a mesh, and sausages in a shell coated with a mesh, and having a form close to the curved curved shape of a natural bung.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

The curved mesh of the casing for sausages contains at least three longitudinal bundles, and transverse connections connecting every two adjacent bundles with the formation of mesh cells, in which the opposite sides formed by sections of the adjacent bundles are made of different lengths. Longitudinal bundles have a knitted loop structure in the form of open or closed single “chain” loops, and different lengths of the sides of the mesh cells are formed by creating different pulling forces for each loop of the loop structure of the adjacent bundles.

Longitudinal strands have a loop structure consisting of one or more single strands, and at least one of the strands making up the loop structure of each bundle is involved in creating cross ties, at the places of formation of which all the strands of each bundle are knitted into loops with the cross ties located on both sides of the tow at a given distance from each other.

At least one bundle contains a weft thread, forming in the places of cross-linking two fastening loops together with cross-link threads located on both sides of the bundle, while the weft thread is included inside the “chain” along the entire length of the bundle and is fixed between the core loop "chain" and its broach.

The threads of the loop structures of each bundle may have the same or different thickness.

The thread forming a single open or closed loop of the “chain”, and the weft thread can have the same or different thickness and elongation.

Loop structures can be formed using blended or natural yarns or blended yarns.

It is possible to use elastic tensile threads.

A method of manufacturing a curved mesh shell for sausages includes the formation of at least three longitudinal bundles and cross-links connecting every two adjacent bundles with the formation of mesh cells in which the opposite sides formed by sections of the adjacent bundles have different lengths. Longitudinal strands of mesh are formed in the warp knitting method from one, two or three single strands by creating a loop structure in the form of open or closed single loops of the “chain”, while obtaining different lengths of opposite sides of the mesh cells formed by sections of nearby strands, by creating different pulling forces each loop of the loop structure of nearby harnesses.

At least one of the threads that make up the loop structure of each bundle participates in the creation of cross ties, in the places of formation of which all the threads of each bundle are knitted into loops with the fastening of cross ties located on both sides of the bundle.

At least one bundle includes a weft thread, forming in the places of cross-linking two fastening loops together with cross-link threads located on both sides of the bundle, while the weft thread is included inside the “chain” along the entire length of the bundle and is fixed between the core loop "chain" and its broach.

Longitudinal strands of mesh form in three or four knitting zones.

In each knitting zone, one or two or more longitudinal bundles are formed with transverse bonds between adjacent bundles on either side of it.

The loop structure of each longitudinal bundle, formed of two or more threads, consists of threads with different thicknesses and extensibility.

Cross-links between adjacent longitudinal strands form, due to opposite, opposite shifts of the yarn feeders seasoned with yarns, from which the loop structure of each longitudinal bundle is obtained to the point of cross-linking.

The casing for sausages is connected with the proposed curved mesh, in particular, it can be glued with a curved mesh.

The sausage product with the sausage casing is connected to the proposed curved mesh and has a form close to the curved shape of a natural bung.

The presented drawings depict diagrams that reveal the content of the proposed solution and showing the structural features of the curved mesh shell for sausages.

Figure 1 - loop structure of a longitudinal bundle of curved mesh, consisting of warp knit "closed chain" and weft thread 3 located along the longitudinal bundle and secured in the bundle between the core of the loop "closed chain" 1 and its broach 2 (type "a") , and the loop structure of the longitudinal bundle of a curved mesh without a weft thread (view "b").

Figure 2 - loop structure of a longitudinal bundle of a curved mesh, consisting of warp knit "open chain" and a weft thread 3 located along the longitudinal bundle and secured in a bundle between the core of the loop of the "open chain" 1 and its broach 2 (type "a") , and the loop structure of the longitudinal bundle of a curved mesh without a weft thread (view "b").

Figure 3 - two sequentially located fastening loops "A" and "B" of the tow in the places of formation of the next transverse connection between adjacent longitudinal tows, both loops formed by at least two threads, one of which (thread 4), twisted and low elongation, forms an “open or closed chain” weave in a longitudinal bundle to the point of transverse connection formation (fixing loop “A”) and a transverse connection with a neighboring longitudinal bundle located on the left, the other (thread 3) is a complex and tensile thread, which it is laid along the longitudinal bundle between the places of the transverse connection in the form of a weft fixed between the core of the loop “chain” and its broach (Fig. 1 “a” or 2 “a”), and in the places of the transverse connection forms a loop “A” together with the thread 4 .

The thread 5 together with the thread 3 participates in the formation of the fixing loop “B” and then the loops of an open or closed chain with a weft from the place of formation of the transverse connection and forms a transverse connection with the adjacent longitudinal tourniquet located on the right. Thread 5, similarly to thread 4, twisted, low elongation, of the same thickness (with a weft thread - type "a", without a weft thread - type "b").

Figure 4 - two combined fixing loops "B" of the bundle formed simultaneously by two threads 4 and 5 and thread 3, and then thread 4 forms a transverse connection with the adjacent longitudinal bundle located on the left, and thread 5 with thread 3 is involved in the formation of a loop structure (figure 1 "a" or 2 "a") of the longitudinal tourniquet (with a weft thread - type "a", without a weft thread - type "b").

Figure 5 - three knitting zones of the curved mesh of the shell, in each zone one longitudinal bundle with a loop structure is formed (in zone I at point Ж ₁ in zone II - Ж ₂ , in zone III - Ж ₃ ), longitudinal bundles are evenly distributed around the circumference through 120 °, and cross-links are formed between the longitudinal bundles: W ₁ and W ₂ , W ₂ and W ₃ , W ₃ and W ₁ .

6 - four knitting zones of a curved mesh sheath, in each zone one longitudinal bundle with a loop structure is formed (in zone I at point Ж ₁ , in zone II - Ж ₂ , in zone III - Ж ₃ , in zone IV - Ж ₄ ), the longitudinal bundles are evenly distributed around the circle through 90 °, and cross-links are formed between these bundles: W ₁ and W ₂ , W ₂ and W ₃ , W ₃ and W ₄ , W ₄ and W ₁ .

7 - three knitting zones of a curved mesh of the shell, in each zone two longitudinal bundles with a loop structure are formed (in zone I at points Ж ₁ and Ж ₂ ,

in zone II - Ж ₃ and Ж ₄ , in zone III - Ж ₅ and Ж ₆ ), longitudinal bundles are located evenly around the circumference through 60 °, and cross-links are formed between these bundles: Ж ₁ and Ж ₂ , Ж ₂ and Ж ₃ , F ₃ and F ₄ , F ₄ and F ₅ , F ₅ and F ₆ , F ₆ and F ₁ .

Fig. 8 - four knitting zones of the curved mesh of the shell, in each zone two longitudinal bundles with a loop structure are formed (in zone I at points Ж ₁ and Ж ₂ , in zone II - Ж ₃ and Ж ₄ , in zone III - Ж ₅ and Ж ₆ , in zone IV - Ж ₇ and Ж ₈ ), longitudinal bundles are evenly spaced around the circle through 45 °, and cross-links are formed between these bundles: Ж ₁ and Ж ₂ , Ж ₂ and Ж ₃ , Ж ₃ and Ж ₄ , F ₄ and F ₅ , F ₅ and F ₆ , F ₆ and F ₇ , F ₇ and F ₈ , F ₈ and F ₁ .

Figure 9 - three longitudinal bundles of curved mesh sheath Ж ₁ , Ж ₂ , Ж ₃ and transverse connections 6 between two adjacent bundles: between Ж ₁ and Ж ₂ - ag and bv, between Ж ₂ and Ж ₃ - years ¹ and centuries ¹ , between F ₃ and F ₁ - g ¹ a and ¹ b. In the process of forming a loop structure (FIGS. 1 and 2) and fixing loops (FIGS. 3 and 4), the longitudinal strands Ж ₁ , Ж ₂ and Ж ₃ are under the influence of an individual drawing force q ₁ , q ₂ and q _3, respectively, and q ₁ > q ₂ , aq ₂ = q ₃ , which ensures the formation of cell 7 bounded by sections ab, bv, vg and ha, having the following dimensions: the length of the section ab is greater than the section vg, the sizes of the sections bv and ha are equal, i.e. ab> br, bv = ha, cell 7 is located between the bundles W ₁ and W ₂ .

Cell 7 ¹ , limited by sections ab, bv ¹ , in ¹ g ¹ , g ¹ a and located between the bundles Ж ₁ and Ж ₃ , is symmetric in location relative to the bundle Ж ₁ , in shape and size, cell 7. The direction of cross-linking between harnesses W ₂ and W ₁ , W ₁ and W ₃ , W ₃ and W _{2 are} shown by arrows, clockwise, and between the wiring harness W ₁ and W ₂ , W ₂ and W ₃ , W ₃ and W ₁ in the subsequent formation cycle cross-links - counterclockwise. This technique provides for obtaining a curved mesh of the shell of the sausage product and the sausage product, having a form close to the curved shape of a natural bung.

Figure 10 - four longitudinal bundles of curved mesh sheath W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ and W ₄ and transverse connections 6 between two adjacent bundles: between W ₁ and W ₂ - ag and bv, between W ₂ and W ₃ - centuries ¹¹ and g ¹¹ g ¹ , between G ₃ and G ₄ - ¹¹ in ¹ and g ¹¹ g ¹ , between G ₄ and G ₁ - ¹ b and g ¹ a. In the process of forming a loop structure (FIGS. 1 and 2) and fixing loops (FIGS. 3 and 4), the longitudinal strands W ₁ , W ₂ , W ₃ and W ₄ are under the influence of an individual drawing force q ₁ , q ₂ , q ₃ and q _4, respectively, with q ₁ > q ₂ and q ₃ , q ₂ = q ₄ , q ₂ > q ₃ , which ensures the formation _of cells 7 and 7 ¹ that are identical in shape and size and are symmetrically located relative to the bundle W ¹ , limited to sections ab, bv, vg and ha (cell 7) and ab, bv ¹ , ¹ g ¹ and g ¹ a (cell 7 ¹ ), and the length of the plot ab is greater than the length of the sections vg and ¹ g ¹ , vg = ¹ g ¹ ; bb = ar = bv ¹ = g ¹ a, the length of the plot is ¹¹ g ¹¹ less than the length of the sections vg and ¹ g ¹ .

The direction of cross-linking between the bundles W ₂ and W ₁ , W ₁ and W ₄ , W ₄ and W ₃ , W ₃ and W _{2 is} shown by arrows pointing clockwise, and between the wiring harness W ₁ and W ₂ , W ₂ and W ₃ , F ₃ and F ₄ , F ₄ and F ₁ in the next cycle, the cross-linking is counterclockwise. This technique provides for obtaining a curved mesh of the shell of the sausage product and the sausage product, having a form close to the shape of the arc.

Each longitudinal tourniquet (Figs. 9 and 10) is formed by a warp knit "closed or open chain" with a weft thread located between the core of the loop of the chain and its broach, or without a weft thread (Figs. 1 and 2). The weft thread is located along the entire length of the bundle and is fixed in the structure of the bundle of the backbone of the loop of the chain and its pull from one cross link to the next.

Cross links 6 are formed by one, two or more threads, creating a loop structure of the bundle. In the places of the formation of cross-links between adjacent tows, the weft thread is knitted simultaneously with other threads in the chain. In this way, bonded loops are obtained (FIGS. 3 and 4) arranged sequentially in the tow, or they can be combined. The weft in this case contributes to the creation of a stable cross-connection and earning loops.

The curved mesh is made on a circular knitting machine by the method of longitudinal knitting with the participation of two groups of yarn feeders H ₁ and H ₂ (Fig. 11), each group of yarn feeders is moved according to a given individual program of the loop formation process. One group of yarn feeders H _{1 is} fueled with one, two or more threads, forming a loop structure of a longitudinal bundle of a closed or open chain and cross-links between adjacent bundles. The second group of thread guides H _{2 is} dressed with a weft thread, which is located along the bundle without knitting between the places of transverse ties and is knitted in fastening loops simultaneously with other threads in the places of cross ties. Moreover, each group of yarn feeders makes movements according to an individual program. The first group of yarn feeders H ₁ at the points of cross-linking of each bundle performs simultaneously a shift directed to one side to the adjacent longitudinal bundle, and then simultaneously a shift directed to the other side to the previous bundle after the formation of the loop structure of the bundle. Figures 9 and 10 show with arrows the shear direction of the first group of yarn feeders H ₁ , the zigzag line on the bundles Ж ₁ and Ж ₂ shows the trajectory of movement of the thread tucked into one of the yarn feeders of the first group, which forms a loop structure in the bundle and a transverse connection between adjacent bundles .

A curved mesh can be made on a circular knitting machine by means of longitudinal knitting with the participation of at least one of the groups of thread guides H ₁ , H ₂ , H ₃ , when each group of thread guides moves according to a given individual program of the loop formation process, creating three, four or more longitudinal loops of a loop structure consisting of closed or open loops of a chain without a weft thread, the threads of two thread guides, and in the places of cross-linking, both groups of thread guides perform opposite directions a shift, directing the threads to adjacent bundles located to the left and right of the bundle, in which these threads created a loop structure of a closed or open chain.

In this case, it is also possible to use a weft thread. Then the group of yarn feeders H _{3 is} refueled with a weft thread.

So, for example, the yarn guide thread H ₁ participating in the formation of the longitudinal yarn guide Zh ₁ , together with the yarn yarn guide H ₂ , to point A ₁ forms a transverse connection with the longitudinal yarn Zh ₂ by shifting the yarn guide H ₁ to the right of the yarn Zh ₁ , and yarn guide thread H ₂ forms a transverse connection with the longitudinal bundle W ₃ . At the same time or in the subsequent loop formation cycle, the yarn guide thread H ₁ participating in the formation of the longitudinal guide wire H ₂ , together with the yarn guide thread H ₂ , to point A ₂ , forms a transverse connection with the longitudinal tourniquet Zh ₃ by shifting the yarn guide H ₁ to the right of the Zh ₂ guide, and the thread of the yarn guide H ₂ forms a transverse connection with the longitudinal bundle W ₁ . Similarly, the shifts of the yarn feeders H ₁ and H ₂ are performed, participating in the formation of the longitudinal bundle W ₃ .

After the formation of cross links between the bundles in this way, the yarn feeders H ₁ and H ₂ participate in the formation of a loop structure in other bundles, then, making reverse shifts, return to the previous bundles.

This technique is achieved by crossing parallel threads in transverse bonds, their reliable fastening at the points of ties, increases the strength of the curved mesh.

Based on the requirements for the appearance of the curved mesh to obtain a denser texture, it is possible to use the weft thread H ₃ on all bundles, or on one bundle. For example, a tourniquet formed by a large pulling force of each loop can be thickened with a weft thread, and a tourniquet formed by a lower pulling force and having an already dense loop structure is devoid of a weft thread. This combination allows you to align the visual thickness of the bundles, compensating for the density of the knitting the total thickness of the threads involved in the creation of individual bundles.

In Fig. 12, a sausage product 8 is shown in a sausage casing and a curved mesh consisting of four longitudinal plaits and cross-links between each two adjacent longitudinal plaits (Fig. 10), which provides a sausage product having a shape close to the shape of a natural bung.

The proposed curved mesh shell for the sausage product has high strength characteristics and maintains a stable, specified type of sausage product, close to the shape of a natural bung.

The proposed method allows to obtain a high-quality grid for shells, which has high strength characteristics, and maintains a stable, initially given, geometric shape.

Sausage product with the proposed curved mesh makes it possible to obtain a dense packing of the shell with meat raw materials due to the frame reinforcement of the shell with a curved mesh with new characteristics, which, in turn, will improve the consumer quality of sausage products.

The proposed curved mesh allows you to expand the range of sausages production. Such a grid forms a sausage in a traditional, historically familiar form of a natural shell - a curved, arched shape of a bung.

Claims (18)

1. Curved mesh shell for sausages, containing at least three longitudinal bundles and transverse connections connecting every two adjacent bundles with the formation of mesh cells, in which the opposite sides formed by sections of adjacent bundles are made of different lengths, characterized in that longitudinal bundles have a knitted loop structure in the form of open or closed single “chain” loops, and different lengths of the sides of the mesh cells are formed by creating different pulling forces of each loop of the loop structure near live harnesses. 2. The curved mesh according to claim 1, characterized in that or more than one single strand, at least one of the strands that make up the loop structure of each bundle, is involved in the creation of cross-links in the places of formation of which all the strands of each bundle are knitted in loops with fastening of cross links located on both sides of the tow at a given distance from each other. 3. The curved mesh according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one bundle contains a weft thread, forming in the places of cross-linking two fastening loops together with cross-link threads located on both sides of the bundle, while the weft thread is included inside the “chain” along the entire length of the bundle and fixed in it between the core of the loop of the “chain” and its broach. 4. The curved mesh according to claim 3, characterized in that the threads of the loop structures of each bundle have the same thickness. 5. The curved mesh according to claim 3, characterized in that the threads of the loop structures of each bundle have different thicknesses. 6. The curved mesh according to claim 3, characterized in that the thread forming a single open or closed loop of the “chain” has the same thickness or extensibility with the weft thread. 7. The curved mesh of the shell according to claim 2, characterized in that the loop structure is formed using threads of blended or natural yarn or chemical threads. 8. The curved mesh of the shell according to claim 2, characterized in that the loop structure is formed using elastic tensile threads. 9. A method of manufacturing a curved mesh sheath for sausages, comprising forming at least three longitudinal bundles and transverse connections connecting every two adjacent bundles with the formation of mesh cells, in which the opposite sides formed by sections of adjacent bundles have different lengths, different the fact that the longitudinal bundles of the mesh are formed in the warp knitting method from one, two or three single strands by creating a loop structure in the form of open or closed single loops of the “chain”, Obtaining different lengths of opposite sides of the mesh cells formed by sections of nearby bundles is carried out by creating different pulling forces for each loop of the loop structure of the adjacent bundles. 10. A method of manufacturing a curved mesh according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the threads that make up the loop structure of each bundle participates in the creation of cross links, in the places of formation of which all the threads of each bundle are knitted in loops with fastening of the transverse ties located on both sides of the tourniquet. 11. A method of manufacturing a curved mesh according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one bundle includes a weft thread, forming at the places of cross-linking two fastening loops together with cross-link threads located on both sides of the bundle, while the thread is included inside the “chain” along the entire length of the bundle and fixed in it between the core of the loop of the “chain” and its broach. 12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the longitudinal bundles of the mesh form in three or four knitting zones. 13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that in each knitting zone one or two or more longitudinal bundles are formed with transverse links between adjacent bundles on either side of it. 14. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the loop structure of each longitudinal bundle formed of two or more threads consists of threads with different thicknesses and extensibility. 15. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the transverse bonds between adjacent longitudinal strands are formed due to opposite multidirectional shifts of the yarn feeders seasoned with yarns, from which a loop structure of each longitudinal bundle is obtained to the point of cross-linking. 16. Sausage casing for sausages, characterized in that it is connected to the grid according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 17. Sausage casing according to clause 16, wherein the casing mesh is glued to the casing. 18. Sausage product with sausage casing, characterized in that it is covered with a casing net according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and has a form close to the curved shape of a natural bung.

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