RU2368859C1 - Sight device for control of naval subcaliber artillery mount fire - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of naval artillery and may be used for homing and control of naval subcaliber artillery mount (AM) fire by operator-gunlayer of deck sighting column (SC) with annular sight. Device comprises deck sighting column (SC) serviced by operator-gunlayer and comprising rotary part and swinging part, builder of AM lead angles by vertical line and horizon, generator of complete angle of AM vertical homing and generator of complete angle of AM horizontal homing. Rotary part is located on vertical axis of fixed base, annular sight and SC position sensor by tilt angle (3) are installed onto swinging part. Swinging part of SC contains laser binoculars-range finder (1), which is installed coaxially with annular sight, and detector of SC angular speed by tilt angle (2), and rotary part - detector of SC angular speed by course angle (4).

EFFECT: result consists in higher accuracy and stability of AM firing.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of naval artillery and can be used as the main or backup means of controlling the fire of small-caliber anti-aircraft gun mounts.

Known and widely used on ships for fire control of small-caliber gun mounts (AU) sighting devices in the form of a deck sighting column (VK) with a ring sight, served by the operator-gunner. AU guidance to the target when controlled from the VC is carried out remotely by synchronous actuators tracking the vertical and horizontal AU of the positions of the elevation sensor installed together with the annular sight on the swinging part of the VC and the heading sensor installed on the rotating part of the VC, respectively. The advantage of the sighting column is a quick response to a threat, technical simplicity, efficiency and reliability in operation.

In accordance with the "Rules for firing small-caliber naval artillery with ring sights" (PAS No. V-6, part V, Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense, 1958, pp. 5-9), the functions of the operator-gunner VK include:

- visual search and target selection;

- identification of the type of target;

- eye measurement of the range and angle of the target;

- determination of target speed, based on the type of target and experience of previous firing;

- the choice of the angle ring of the target’s sight, based on the eye-determined range, the angle of the target and its estimated speed (in the case of changing the angle or speed of the target - bringing a new angle ring onto the target);

- retention of the point of sight of the target on the angle ring in the angular sector, which determines the lead angles of the AC in vertical and horizontal directions;

- the choice of the method of shooting and the appointment of the moment of opening fire.

The operator-gunner VK performs all of these actions while standing on the deck of a moving and swinging ship.

The effectiveness of firing during AC control from the VC completely depends on the level of training of the gunner, his physical and mnemonic abilities. The most difficult task in this case is the correct determination by the operator-gunner of the lead angles of AU. In order to reduce the possible shooting error, it is practiced to equip the ammunition belt with tracer shells in the calculation of the adjustment by the operator-gunner of the gun settings based on the results of observing deviations of the tracks relative to the target. However, the adjustment on the tracks, firstly, is only feasible if there is tracer ammunition in the AU ammunition, and secondly, it does not increase the accuracy of the first bursts and can only have an effect if there is a time reserve for sighting. The main disadvantage of guiding the AU with the help of a targeting column is the unwarranted accuracy of firing, which significantly depends on external conditions and on the human factor.

The technical result of the application of the proposed sighting device is to increase the accuracy and stability of AU firing when pointing from a VC by instrumental determination of the target’s motion parameters (range, course, speed) and automation of determining lead angles in the process of tracking the target. At the same time, the work of the operator-gunner VK is facilitated, from the functions of which the most problematic eye and mnemonic operations are excluded.

This result is achieved by the fact that in the sighting device containing a deck-mounted sighting column (VC) serviced by the operator-gunner, consisting of a rotating part located on the vertical axis of the fixed base, on which the VK position sensor is installed along the heading angle, the swinging part on which an annular sight and a VK position sensor in elevation are introduced on the swinging part of the VK laser binocular rangefinder, mounted coaxially with the annular sight, and a VK angular velocity sensor in elevation, and on of the growing part, the VK angular velocity sensor along the course angle also introduced the AU lead angle builder for vertical and horizontal, the AU vertical guidance angle shaper, and the AU horizontal horizontal angle shaper, and the outputs of the laser rangefinder and VK angular velocity sensors at the elevation angle and course angle are connected with the corresponding three inputs of the builder of lead angles AU vertically and horizontally, the output of which “along the lead angle vertically” is connected to the input of the full angle former AU vertical guidance, and the output "by the lead angle horizontally" - with the input of the shaper of the full angle of the horizontal guidance of the AU, the second input of the shaper of the full angle of the vertical guidance of the AU is connected to the VC elevation sensor, and the output of the shaper of the full vertical angle of the AU is connected to the drive vertical guidance of the AU, the second input of the shaper of the full angle of horizontal guidance of the AU is connected to the VK position sensor along the course angle, and the output of the specified shaper is connected to the drive horizontally AU of guidance.

In this case, the builder of AU lead angles both vertically and horizontally consists of a unit for determining the radial speed of the target with an integrated electronic chronometer, a unit for generating the current (smoothed) range to the target, a unit for solving the meeting problem, a unit for calculating the aiming angle, a unit for calculating the correction coefficient, and a unit for generating a component vertical lead angle, due to the angular velocity of pointing VK in elevation, shaper of lead angle AU vertically and shaper of lead angle AU horizontally, p The input of the block for determining the radial velocity of the target and the input of the block for generating the current (smoothed) range to the target are connected to the output of the laser rangefinder VK, the second input of the block for generating the current (smoothed) range for the target is connected to the output of the block for determining the radial speed of the target, which is simultaneously connected to one from the inputs of the unit for solving the problem of meeting, the output of the block generating the current (smoothed) range to the target is connected to another input of the block for solving the problem of meeting and simultaneously with one of the inputs of the unit for calculating corrections of the coefficient, the output of the unit for solving the meeting task (predefined range) is connected to the input of the unit for calculating the aiming angle and to the second input of the unit for calculating the correction coefficient, and the output of the unit for solving the problem of meeting (flight time) is connected to one of the inputs of the shaper of the lead angle AU horizontally and with one of the inputs of the unit for generating the vertical lead angle component, the output of the correction coefficient calculation unit is connected to the second input of the horizontal angle lead generator shaper and to the second input the vertical angle component generation unit, the third input of the AU horizontal angle former shaper is connected to the output of the VK angular velocity sensor along the course angle, and the third vertical axis component generation output block is connected to the vertical angle precursor angle component output, the elevator angle output, the block output generating a component of the lead angle vertically is connected to one of the inputs of the shaper of the lead angle AU vertically, the other input of which is connected to the output of the block for calculating the aiming angle, and the output to torogo generator connected to the total angle of the vertical guidance UE, shaper output lead angle the horizon UE connected to the input of the full angle of the horizontal guidance UE.

The lead angle builder can be implemented both on discrete analog elements and on a special computer programmed in accordance with the given builder algorithm.

Figure 1 is a structural diagram of an aiming device for controlling the fire of a ship small-caliber gun mount.

Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of the builder of the lead angles AU vertical and horizontal.

Sighting device for fire control of a ship small-caliber gun mount contains:

1 - laser binoculars-range finder mounted on the swinging part of the VK coaxially with the standard ring sight;

2 - the sensor of angular velocity of rotation of the VK in elevation, installed on the swinging part of the VK;

3 - full-time position sensor VK in elevation;

4 - sensor angular velocity of rotation of the VK on the course angle, installed on the rotating part of the VK;

5 - regular sensor position VK on the course angle;

6 - the builder of the lead angles AU vertically and horizontally;

7 - shaper full angle vertical guidance (PUVN) AU;

8 - shaper full angle of horizontal guidance (PUGN) AU;

9 - drive vertical guidance AU;

10 - drive horizontal guidance AU.

The builder of AU lead angles for vertical and horizontal contains:

a unit for determining the radial speed of the tracked target with a built-in electronic chronometer;

a unit for generating the current target range;

a block for solving a meeting problem;

a correction factor calculation unit;

shaper angle lead AU on the horizon;

a unit for generating a vertical lead component of the AU vertical axis due to the angular velocity of pointing the VC in elevation;

unit for calculating the aiming angle AU;

shaper angle lead AU vertically.

Guidance AU using the proposed sighting device is as follows.

Having discovered and selected the target, the operator-gunner, using, as usual, a regular ring sight, points the target at the VC with the functional devices installed on it and turns on the actuators for guiding the AU vertically and horizontally. At the same time, the signal ε _c (t) from the sensor 3 of the elevation angle of the VC, passed without change through the driver 7 of the PUVN, is transmitted to the drive 9 of pointing the AU vertically, and the signal q _c (t) from the sensor 5 to the drive 10 of guiding the AU course angle VK, passed without change through the shaper 8 PUGN. As a result, the AU barrel starts, as usual, synchronously monitoring the angular position of the VK using the signals ε _c (t) and q _c (t) from the standard sensors 3 and 5 of the VK.

Next, the VK operator-gunner, using the binoculars of the laser range finder 1, accompanies the selected target in the corners, giving a signal (command) to the laser range finder when the target coincides with the crosshair in the field of view of the binoculars (covering the target with a crosshair ensures the presence of laser contact with it). Discrete values of the target range D (t _k ) come from the laser binoculars-rangefinder 1 to the builder 6, which also receives signals ω _ε (t) and ω _q (t) continuously from angular velocity sensors 2 and 4 of the VC.

Builder 6 based on received it signals D (t _to), ω _ε (t) and ω _q (t) generates angles feedforward vertically Δε _y (t) and the horizon Δq _i (t), summed further angle ε place _C (t) and heading angle q _C (t), coming from the corresponding standard sensors of the VC, in the shapers 7 and 8, respectively, for the formation of PUVN and PUGN guidance drives AU. In some cases (with significant distances between AC from VK), adders from shapers 7 and 8 can also receive signals from parallaxers that take into account the distances of AC from VK in horizontal and vertical planes.

The structural diagram of the builder 6 angles of anticipation AU vertically Δε _c (t) and the horizon Δq _c (t) is shown in Figure 2.

The functioning of the builder of lead angles AU is as follows.

Instantaneous (discrete) values of the range D (t _to ) to the target arrive sequentially (at the measurement pace) from the output of the laser rangefinder 1 to the input of the radial speed determination unit of the target being followed with an integrated electronic chronometer.

The radial speed V of the target being tracked is determined in accordance with the ratio:

,

,

Where

D (t _to ) - the value of the distance to the target, measured at time t _to ;

D (t _k-1 ) - the previous value of the distance to the target, measured at time t t _-1 ;

Δt = t _to -t _k-1 - the time interval between measurements, determined using the built-in electronic chronometer.

At the same time, the range D (t _k ) is fed to the input of the unit for generating the current target range, where using the speed V from the output of the unit for determining the radial speed of the tracked target with the built-in chronometer, it is extrapolated and the current (smoothed) range D _{c of the} tracked target is generated.

The smoothed range D _c (t) from the output of the angular rotation speed sensor VK at elevation angle 2 and the target radial speed V from the output of the radial speed determination unit of the tracking target with the built-in chronometer are sent to the meeting problem solving unit, in which, using the ballistic curve of the serviced AU, the anticipated range D _y (t) and the time t _{p the} flight of the projectile to the range D _y .

The anticipated range D _y (t) from the output of the decision block for the meeting task is sent to the block for calculating the aiming angle AU, in which, using ballistic data of the serviced AU, the value of the angle θ (t) of the aiming AU for the range D _y (t) is generated.

In the block for calculating the correction coefficient, based on the values of the current range D _c (t) of the target being tracked, from the output of the block for generating the current range of the target and the anticipated range D _y (t) from the output of the block for solving the meeting problem, the correction coefficient K (t) = D _q (t) / D _y (t), which is used further in the VK position sensor by the heading angle 5 and the plotter of the AU lead angles vertically and horizontally 6 when determining the A lead angles.

The AU lead angle Δq (t) across the horizon is calculated in the block of the AU lead angle angle generator on the horizon, to the inputs of which the signal ω _q (t) is received from the output of the VK angular velocity sensor along the heading angle, time t _p of the projectile’s flight to the range D _у (t ) from the output of the unit for solving the meeting problem and the correction coefficient K (t) from the output of the unit for calculating the correction coefficient (Δq (t) = K (t) · ω _q (t) · t _p ).

The vertical lead angle AU Δε (t) is computed by the vertical beam lead angle shaper by summing the lead component due to the angular velocity of pointing the VK along the elevation angle coming from the output of the output block of the vertical lead lead component AU and the aiming angle θ (t) s the output of the unit for calculating the aiming angle AU. The preceding component of the lead is determined in block 6, the inputs of which receive the signal ω _ε (t) from the output of the angular velocity sensor VK in elevation, the time t _p of the projectile’s flight to the range D _y (t) from the output of the unit for solving the meeting problem, and the correction factor K (t) from the output of the correction coefficient calculation unit

Δε (t) = K (t) · ωε (t) · t _n + θ (t).

The vertical lead angles Δε (t) from the output of the shaper of the AU lead angle both vertically and horizontally Δq (t) from the output of the block for calculating the aiming angle of the AU go further to the PUVN and PUGN shapers.

Note: If it is necessary to take into account parallax corrections in the PUVN and PUGN (with significant distances between the AC and the VK), these corrections can be determined based on the current values of ε _c (t) and q _c (t) from the sensors of the angular position of the VC, the predetermined range D _at (t) from the output of the unit for solving the problem of meeting and separating AC from the VC in the vertical and horizontal planes on a specific project of the ship (not shown in the diagram of Figure 2).

As follows from the description of the builder’s work, the necessary condition for developing the AU lead angles in it is to obtain at least two discrete values of the range D (t _k ) of the target being tracked from the laser range finder to determine the radial speed V and the current (smoothed) range D _c (t ) to the goal. If it is impossible to fulfill this condition (for example, due to a malfunction of the laser binoculars-rangefinder) in the proposed sighting device, it remains possible to aim the AU from the VK using a ring sight in accordance with the usual (regular) mode of use of the current VK. Thus, the use of the proposed sighting device improves the accuracy of the gun mount, simplifies the functions of the operator-gunner VK and does not reduce the reliability of the use of weapons provided by the standard sighting column. At the same time, the proposed sighting device, like the standard sighting column, does not require special supporting means for its functioning - the ship’s gyro stabilization system, course guidance and speed measurement.

Claims (2)

1. The sighting device for controlling the fire of a small-caliber gun mount (AU), comprising a deck-mounted sighting column (VK), maintained by the operator-gunner, consisting of a rotating part located on the vertical axis of the fixed base, on which the VK position sensor along the course angle and the angle sensor are mounted VK speed along the course angle, and the swinging part with the ring sight mounted on it, laser rangefinder binoculars mounted coaxially with the ring sight, VK position sensor in elevation and VK angular velocity sensor in elevation, builder of AU lead angles vertically and horizontally, shaper of full angle of vertical guidance of AC and shaper of full angle of horizontal guidance of AC, and the outputs of the laser rangefinder and angular velocity sensors VK in elevation and course angle are connected to the corresponding three the inputs of the builder of the AU lead angles vertically and horizontally, the output of which “along the vertical lead angle” is connected to the input of the shaper of the full vertical guidance angle of the AU, and “horizontal angle lead” output - with the input of the AU horizontal angle driver for the AU, the second input of the AU vertical angle forwarder is connected to the VK elevation sensor, and the output of the AU vertical angle forwarder is connected to the AU vertical guidance, second input the shaper of the full angle of horizontal guidance AU is connected to the position sensor VK on the course angle, and the output of the specified shaper is connected to the drive of horizontal guidance of AU. 2. The sighting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the AU lead angle builder vertically and horizontally consists of a unit for determining the radial speed of the target with an integrated electronic chronometer, a unit for generating the current range to the target, a unit for solving the meeting problem, a unit for calculating the aiming angle, the unit for calculating the correction coefficient, the unit for generating the vertical lead component of the vertical angle, due to the angular velocity of pointing the VC in elevation, the vertical alignment angle shaper AU and the vertical shaper and anticipatory controls are horizontal, with the input of the unit determining the radial speed of the target and the input of the unit generating the current range to the target connected to the output of the laser rangefinder VK, the second input of the unit generating the current range to the target connected to the output of the unit determining the radial speed of the target, which is simultaneously connected to one from the inputs of the unit for solving the problem of the meeting, the output of the block generating the current range to the target is connected to another input of the block for solving the problem of the meeting and simultaneously with one of the inputs of the unit for calculating the correction to the coefficient, the output of the unit for solving the problem of meeting the “formation of the anticipated range” is connected to the input of the unit for calculating the aiming angle and the second input of the unit for calculating the correction coefficient, and the output of the unit for solving the task of the meeting for calculating flight time is connected to one of the inputs of the shaper of the lead angle AU horizontally and with one of the inputs of the generating unit of the vertical lead angle component, the output of the correction coefficient calculation unit is connected to the second input of the AU lead angle generator ont and with the second input of the vertical lead angle component generation unit, the third input of the AU horizontal angle former former is connected to the VC angular velocity sensor output in the course angle, and the third vertical advance component of the lead angle component generation unit is connected to the output of the vertical angular velocity sensor the elevation angle, the output of the vertical lead component of the lead angle component is connected to one of the inputs of the AU vertical lead angle former, the other input of which is connected to the output of the angle calculation unit aiming, and the output of which is connected to the shaper of the full angle of vertical guidance of the AU, the output of the shaper of the lead angle of the AU horizontally connected to the input of the shaper of the full angle of horizontal guidance of the AU.

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