RU2363925C1 - "kesova gora" splinter-in-beam aircraft bomb - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition with circular and axial fields of hitting. Proposed bomb comprises nose fuse, fin, front and rear expanding sections, each comprising shell accommodating explosive charge and detonator with controlled retarder. Expansion mechanism, pyrotechnical charge and its igniter are arranged between the said sections. Note here that the front section can be locked in pulled-out position and that its shell accommodates the set of hitting elements.

EFFECT: higher hitting ability.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more specifically to fragmentation aviation free-fall bombs.

Known high-explosive fragmentation bomb containing a housing with a charge of explosive (BB), a lead contact fuse, a ballistic ring in the front of the housing and a stabilizer in the rear. The body can be made with natural crushing, with a given crushing and with ready-made damaging elements (GGE). (SE 390449 B, publ. 12/20/1976 - the closest analogue). The fragmentation field is mainly directed perpendicular to the axis of the bomb, which, when the bomb falls vertically to the surface of the earth, eliminates the possibility of hitting targets in trenches, embankments, and communications.

The present invention seeks to remedy this drawback.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the fragmentation-beam aviation bomb contains a head fuse, a stabilizer, front and rear sliding sections, each of which contains a body with an explosive charge and a detonator with an adjustable moderator, between the sections there is a sliding mechanism with a pyrotechnic charge and its igniter , while the front section is made with the possibility of fixing in the extended position and in its housing is a set of ready-made striking elements

The body of the front section can be made of light alloys or non-metallic composite materials. The body of the front section is made of composite steel cylindrical shell and the bottom of light alloys or non-metallic composite materials. Ready damaging elements are made in a form that ensures their tight packing in a fragmentation disk. An axis of explosive material of the front section contains an insert of non-explosive material.

FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a bomb, FIG. 2 is a bomb with retractable bars in an extended state, FIG. 3 is a design of throwing blocks, FIG. 4 is a diagram of a bomb during high-altitude bombing, FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a bomb, FIG. 6 is a diagram of the action of a bomb at low altitude bombing.

The structural diagram of the bomb is presented in figure 1. The bomb is made up of two sliding sections - the front (propelling unit) 1 and the rear (main) 2, between which the sliding mechanism is installed 3. The front section contains a housing 4 with a charge of explosive 5, a set of GPE 6 and a head non-contact fuse 7. They can be temporary and command fuses were also used. The rear section includes a housing 8 with a stabilizer 9, equipped with a charge of explosive 10. The blasting system includes a head contactless fuse 7, an igniter 11 of the pyrotechnic charge 12 of the expansion mechanism, a detonator 13 of the propelling unit with an adjustable moderator and a detonator 14 of the rear section with an adjustable moderator. The blasting system is connected by an electrical conductor 15 to a fuse. A ballistic cap 16 may be located in front of the bomb.

The design of the bomb is provided with a bottom detonator 17, connected by an electrical connection 18 to the detonation system.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a bomb with a rod-type extension mechanism. The front section 1 (throwing unit) is equipped with two rods 19, sliding in the guides 20, mounted on the body of the main section 2. The bomb is shown in the extended state before detonating the throwing unit. The number of rods can be increased. The rear section can be equipped with bar extension tabs. Locking the front section in the extended position is also provided with other types of sliding mechanism.

, где z - расстояние между секциями, h - высота передней секции, d - диаметр бомбы. При этом при достаточно массивном переднем дне задней секции обеспечивается отсутствие ее серьезных повреждений при взрыве передней секции.The relative height of the block h / d is within 0.4 ± 0.1. This ratio provides optimal characteristics of the axial flow of the GGE. The relative distance between sections z / d is approximately described by a linear relationship

where z is the distance between the sections, h is the height of the front section, d is the diameter of the bomb. At the same time, with a sufficiently massive front bottom of the rear section, the absence of serious damage from the explosion of the front section is ensured.

The body of the throwing unit is mainly made of light alloys or non-metallic composite materials. Possible execution in the form of a composite structure: steel shell, bottom made of light alloys or composite materials.

Embodiments of throwing blocks are shown in figure 3. The set of GGE can be made in the form of:

- single-layer or multi-layer set of finished striking elements (figa);

- plates of a given crushing (figb);

- plates of natural crushing;

- a disk with meniscus recesses (figv).

Finished damaging elements can be made of steel or heavy alloys based on tungsten or tantalum in a form that ensures their tight packing in a set. The use of plate GGE, gyroscopically stabilized in flight (RU 2278349) is promising. The fragmentation plate of natural crushing can be made of high-fragmentation silicon steels 60С2 (RU 2079099, 2095740), 80Г2С (RU 2153024), 80С2 or from the above heavy alloys. To reduce the angle of expansion, a variant of the throwing unit is provided with an insert 21 (“lens”) made of non-explosive material in the explosive charge (Fig. 3b).

Disks with meniscus recesses (figv) are designed to form armor-piercing shock cores. To increase the coverage area, the disks are made with a slight bulge.

The action of the bomb of figure 2 in the option of free fall on a group of targets C, located in the trenches and open areas, shown in figure 4. Before a bomb is dropped by a radio command, the type of detonation of the main section (air or ground) is set

and - at a height of H _{1, a} non-contact fuse of the type "altimeter" gives a command to ignite the pyrotechnic charge and expand the sections. At the same time, commands are sent to the moderators of both detonators.

b - the throwing unit is extended to the full length of the rod and is fixed in this position;

c - through the moderator, a command is sent to the detonator of the propelling unit. It is undermined at an altitude of H ₂ with the formation of an axial flow (“beam”) of finished striking elements and target destruction in the trenches and in the open area from above;

g, d - explosion of the main section with the formation of a circular field of fragments of natural fragmentation of the body. At the same time, depending on the installation introduced, an air blast occurs at a height of H ₃ (Fig. 4d) by the detonator moderator of the main section or ground detonation by the action of a contact fuse of this section (Fig. 4d). The targets are affected by the circular field of fragments and the compression effect of the explosion. In this case, with an air blast, the bottom detonator is triggered, which ensures the inclination of the circular field into the front hemisphere by the Taylor angle, and with a ground blast, the head detonator.

When the fuse is installed on a penetrating high-explosive (delayed) action, the explosion of the main section occurs at a depth of 1.5-2 m, providing a blockage in the trench. Thus, the combined effect of the bomb on manpower in shelters is provided.

The height of the detonation of H ₂ propelling unit and H _{3 of the} main section, it is advisable to perform adjustable depending on the conditions of combat use. With an increase in the height of bombing, when a significant miss becomes possible, it is advisable to increase the height of H ₂ to cover the target with a beam of GGE. The same applies to bombing with low clouds, fog, dust clouds, snowfall, etc., as well as with significant dispersal of targets. The height of the detonation H _{3 of the} main section is mainly regulated depending on the nature of the terrain.

The advantages of fragmentation-beam bombs are especially pronounced during military operations in mountainous and wooded areas. The scheme of action of a conventional and fragmentation-beam bomb having one axial rod is shown in figa, 5b. In the explosion of a steeply falling ordinary bomb on a steep slope, a significant part of the circular field is lost (Fig. 5a).

In a wooded area, the contact fuse of a conventional bomb fires at the crowns of trees, which also leads to a sharp decrease in efficiency (Fig. 5c).

On fig.5d presents the action on the armor plates of a fragmentation-beam bomb having a plate with meniscus recesses. The explosion forms the so-called shock nuclei, piercing the roof of the armored shells. Of the many promising applications of fragmentation-beam aerial bombs, we note the possibility of using them to mine minefields. GGE axial beam mass of 5-10 g can penetrate the soil, destroying mines at a depth of 0.5 m (Fig.5e).

Below are the calculated characteristics of a fragmentation-beam bomb of a caliber of 250 kg (vertical drop)

The total mass of the bomb, kg 240 The mass of the main section, kg 195 including mass of explosive charge, kg 90 The mass of the front section (throwing unit), kg 35 including body weight, kg 10 Mass of explosive charge, kg 10 GGE Set Weight fifteen The mass of the sliding mechanism, kg 10 Case Diameter, mm 320 The total length of the bomb, mm 1800 The mass of one GGE, g 5 GPE ballistic coefficient (steel, cube), 1 / m 0.017 The total number of GGE 3000 Throwing unit detonation height, m thirty Bomb speed, m / s 250 The average velocity of the GGE relative to the bomb, m / s 500 The total speed of the GGE, m / s 750 The half-beam angle of the beam in dynamics, degrees twenty The radius of the covered GGE circle, m 10.9 Area, m ² 374 The average density of the GGE, 1 / m ² 8 The probability of hitting a target with an area of 0.25 m ² 0.86 The speed of the GGE when approaching the target, m / s 450 Kinetic energy of GGE, J 505

The fragmentation-beam aerial bomb can also be used as a low-altitude (assault) bomb (Fig. 6) with the movement of the bomb parallel to the surface of the earth or at a slight angle to it. In this case, a greater depth of damage is ensured by the axial flow of the GGE, which is essential for the defeat of extended (linear) targets, for example, transport columns. Figure 6 shows the action of a bomb having one axial rod.

The lag of the bomb from the aircraft, excluding its defeat by fragments of the main section, is provided by a brake parachute.

At present, fragmentation-beam weapons of destruction attract more and more close attention of weapons developers. The first production samples appeared - a 50 mm shell M-DN191 from Dil of Germany to the Rh 503 automatic cannon, a 120 mm HEI-L mine and a 40 mm NTE-309 grenade from Rheinmetall of Germany. A large number of patents have been received for fragmentation-beam artillery shells, barrel mines, and grenade infantry grenade launchers. However, to date, not a single design of fragmentation-beam aerial bombs has been announced. Meanwhile, this particular type of ammunition is very promising for the implementation of fragmentation-beam schemes. This is facilitated by:

- large diameter bombs and, as a result, a large contact area between the explosive charge and the GGE block;

- relatively low operational overloads, allowing the use of low-strength composite GPE blocks in structures;

- high stability of the bomb in flight due to the location of the heavy block GGE in the head of the bomb.

The proposed technical solution can be used in aircraft bombs of more complex and efficient designs, including planning, guided, equipped with jet engines.

Claims (5)

1. A fragmentation-beam aircraft bomb containing a head fuse and a stabilizer, characterized in that it consists of a front and rear sliding sections, each of which contains a housing with a charge of explosives and a detonator with an adjustable moderator, between the sections there is a sliding mechanism with a pyrotechnic charge and its igniter, while the front section is configured to be fixed in the extended position and a set of ready-made striking elements is placed in its body. 2. The bomb according to claim 1, characterized in that the front section housing is made of light alloys or non-metallic composite materials. 3. The bomb according to claim 1, characterized in that the front section housing is made of a composite of a steel cylindrical shell and the bottom of light alloys or non-metallic composite materials. 4. The bomb according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made in a form that ensures their tight placement in the fragmentation disk. 5. The bomb according to claim 1, characterized in that along the axis of the explosive charge of the front section there is an insert of non-explosive material.

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