RU2363127C1 - Method of tilling and sowing and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes tillage of bottom and top layers of soil with creation between them tightened streaks. Cultivation and soil tillage for full-depth treatment is implemented by fields. Tillage of soil top layer is implemented for depth, exceeding for 2…4 cm depth of seeds sowing. Mineral fertilisers are introduced local simultaneously to soil cultivation. Seeds sowing are implemented on tightened bed, pressed out at preplant packing in areas of mineral fertiliser local introduction. After what seed are covered by soil and packed. Device contains located on frame front and back rippers drums, scuffle claws, protective shroud and packing compactors. Rippers drums are installed with the ability of free rotation and are connected to each other by overdrive. Front rippers drum allows driving teeth. Scuffle claws are installed between rippers drums. Uprights of scuffle claws are located in the middle of between traces of driving teeth of the front rippers drum. Scuffle claws allows mineral fertiliser's guides, connected by mineral fertiliser's leads with fertiliser box for supplying of mineral fertilisers into areas, which are located from uprights of scuffle claws at a distance, equal to 1/4 of adjusting width between claws. The first by movement run packing compactor is implemented with flanges of height, not less than depth of seeds sowing, which are located by track of mineral fertilisers sowing. Behind flanges there are installed seeds-guides, connected by seeds-guides with seed box.

EFFECT: improving of preplant soil treatment with simultaneous improvement of growth conditions and development of sown seeds of plants.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods and devices for tillage and sowing.

A known method of tillage and sowing seeds, including cutting the stubble, sowing seeds under it with laying on a hard bed and rolling and a device for implementing this method, comprising a working body for the main tillage, sowing apparatus with openers and rollers [V.N. Prokhorov, G.N. Drogaytsev // Method of sowing seeds with simultaneous tillage and a device for its implementation. A.S. USSR No. 912088, АВВ 49/06, publ. 03/15/82, Bull. No. 10].

The disadvantages of this method and device are the low quality of the soil, which further requires the use of herbicides to control weeds.

The closest method is a method of tillage, including loosening the upper and lower soil layers with the creation of a compacted layer between them, and a device for its implementation [L.K. Litvinyuk, M.S. Khomenko, N.N. Nagorny, etc. // A method of tillage and a device for its implementation. A.S. USSR No. 973051, АВВ 79/00, 49/02, publ. 11/15/82, Bull. No. 42].

The disadvantages of this method of tillage are the low quality of the topsoil tillage, the inability to sow the seeds of most crops (sowing depth from 0.5 to 5.0 cm) on the compacted layer between the layers, as on a compacted bed, due to its location at a depth 8 ... 15 cm, and the time gap between tillage and sowing, which affects the growth and development of sown seeds and reduces crop yields. The disadvantage of this device is the excessive design complexity due to the use of a tractor PTO as active drive and the poor quality of the topsoil treatment due to the use of a rotary organ with working elements in the form of chains after the packer roller.

The closest technical solution is a tillage implement containing a front ripper drum with drive teeth sequentially located on the frame, a row of cultivating paws, a rear ripper drum in the form of a mill with L-shaped knives, connected to the front ripper drum by an acceleration gear, a protective casing and a packer roller. The racks of cultivator paws are located in the middle between the tracks between the driving teeth of the front ripping drum [P.A.Savinykh, V.L. Andreev, S.L. Demshin, E.A. Vladimir // Tillage tool. RF patent №2301512, АВВ 21/04, 33/02, publ. 06/27/2007, Bull. eighteen].

The invention is aimed at solving the following problem: improving the conditions for the development and growth of sown seeds of agricultural crops by cultivating the soil and sowing in one process pass while improving the quality of pre-sowing treatment of the upper soil layer.

The problem is solved due to the fact that according to the proposed method of tillage and sowing, including loosening the lower and upper layers of the soil with the creation of a compacted layer between them, cultivation and loosening of the soil to the entire depth of processing is carried out in strips, loosening the upper soil layer to a depth exceeding at 2 ... 4 cm the depth of sowing seeds, tuks are applied locally and simultaneously with the cultivation of the soil, and sowing seeds - when pre-sowing rolling soil to the compacted bottom of the grooves extruded in the rock fertilizing, followed by covering the seeds with soil and post-sowing soil rolling.

To implement this method, a device for cultivating the soil and sowing, comprising a front ripper drum with drive teeth and a rear ripper drum mounted on a frame, mounted for free rotation and interconnected by an acceleration gear, cultivating legs mounted between the ripping drums, and the racks of cultivating legs located in the middle between the driving teeth of the front ripping drum, a protective casing and press rollers, according to the proposed The retention unit has cultivator legs equipped with fertilizer guides, which are connected by fertilizer lines to the fertilizer box and feed the fertilizers to the zones located from the racks of cultivator legs at a distance equal to 1/4 of the installation width between the legs, while the first, rolling roller is made with flanges with a height not less than the depth of sowing seeds, which are installed on the trail of sowing the tuks and then followed by the seed guides, connected by the seed ducts to the seed box, shortcuts and a second packer roller.

The drawings show diagrams explaining the invention:

figure 1 - diagram of a method of tillage and sowing; figure 2 - General view of the device for processing and sowing (side view); figure 3 - layout of the working bodies.

The method of tillage and sowing consists in the fact that the following operations are carried out in one technological pass (Fig. 1):

a) loosening by soil strips with driving teeth of the front ripping drum;

b) cultivation of the soil in untreated row-spacing after the passage of the front cultivating drum with simultaneous local introduction of fat;

c) loosening of the upper soil layer to a depth exceeding 2 ... 4 cm of the seed sowing depth, with the simultaneous creation of a compacted layer between the lower coarsely loosened layer with a depth equal to the depth of soil cultivation and the upper shallow aggregate soil layer;

d) pre-sowing soil rolling with the creation of a compacted bed in areas of local fertilizing with simultaneous sowing of seeds;

d) sheltering the seeds with soil, followed by post-sowing rolling to ensure better contact of the sown seeds with the soil.

With this method of tillage and sowing, by improving the quality of tillage and fertilizing, as well as reducing the time of tillage and sowing, the best conditions are created for the growth and development of sown seeds of agricultural crops.

A device for implementing the inventive method of soil cultivation and sowing (figure 2, 3) contains a frame 1 on which the front ripper drum 2 with drive teeth 3 and the rear ripper drum 5 with discs 6 are arranged on which L-shaped from two sides knives 7, connected to the front ripper drum by an acceleration gear 8 and closed by a protective casing 9. Cultivator legs 4 are installed between the ripper drums, and the racks of cultivator legs are located in the middle between the teeth between the drive teeth erednego loosening drum. The cultivator legs have fertilizer guides 10 connected by the hose lines 11 to the fertilizer box 12, which feed the fertilizers to the zones located from the racks of the cultivator legs at a distance equal to 1/4 of the installation width and between the legs. The first, along the way, the compacting roller 13 is made with flanges not less than the depth of sowing seeds, which are installed on the trail of sowing the fertilizer and then followed by the seed guide 14, connected by the seed duct 15 to the seed box 16, the shortener 17 and the compacting roller for post-sowing rolling 18 Both press rollers are equipped with mechanisms for adjusting the working depth 19 and 20, respectively.

The device operates as follows. During translational motion, the drive teeth 3 mounted on the front ripper drum 2 are forced to roll under the influence of the tractor's traction force, and through the acceleration gear 8, the rear ripper drum 5 with discs 6 rotates, on which L-shaped knives 7 are mounted on both sides. this drive teeth 3 of the front ripping drum 2 produce loosening of the soil in strips of a width equal to the width of the cutters of the drive knives. This allows you to set the cultivator legs in width between adjacent rows at a distance equal to the sum of the width of the cultivator legs and the drive tooth, which makes it possible to install the cultivator legs in one row, or with a minimum distance between the rows without clogging them with plant residues and soil.

Cultivating lancet paws 4 cut and loosen the soil in the untreated row-spacing after the passage of the front ripping drum. At the same time, fertilizer feeds are fed through the fertilizer guides 10 of the cultivator paws connected by the pipelines 11 to the fertilizer box 12 to the zones located from the racks of the cultivator legs 4 at a distance equal to 1/4 of the installation width between the legs.

Next, the L-shaped knives 7 of the rear ripping drum 5 intensively crush the upper soil layer to a depth exceeding 2 ... 4 cm the depth of sowing seeds. In the process of milling the soil with L-shaped knives 7, a compacted layer 1 ... 2 cm deep is created between the lower coarsely loosened layer with a depth equal to the depth of the planar tillage and the upper shallow aggregate layer of the soil, which helps to move moisture from the lower soil layers. This occurs as a result of the impact of the back surface of the L-shaped knives on the underlying soil layers, which is especially noticeable at the relatively low rotational speed of the cutters, which is typical for non-rotary rotary cultivators.

The first, in the direction of travel, packer roller 13 with flanges with a height not less than the depth of sowing seeds performs pre-sowing rolling of the soil with the creation of a compacted bed in the zones of local fertilizing. Next, seeds are sown on it from the seed box 16 by means of sowing apparatuses 15 and seed seed guides 14. Covering the seeds with soil is carried out when the surface is leveled with zagotachami 17. Roller 18 performs post-sowing rolling of the soil to ensure better contact with the sown seeds. Thus, sowing of seeds is carried out on a compacted bed, under which at a depth equal to the depth of cultivating the soil with cultivating paws, previously sowed tuks are located, which ensures the most favorable conditions for the development and growth of sown seeds of agricultural crops.

The packer roller 13 for pre-sowing packings simultaneously with the formation of a compacted surface profile serves to adjust the depth of soil cultivation with a implement using the mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing 19. The mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing 20 of the packer 18 for post-sowing packs determines the degree of compaction of the soil during post-sowing packings.

Using the method of tillage and sowing and a device for its implementation provides the most favorable conditions for the development and growth of sown seeds of agricultural crops by means of soil tillage and sowing in one technological pass while improving the quality of pre-sowing treatment of the upper soil layer.

Claims (2)

1. A method of tillage and sowing, including loosening the lower and upper layers of the soil with the creation of a compacted layer between them, characterized in that the cultivation and loosening of the soil to the entire depth of processing is carried out in stripes, loosening the upper soil layer to a depth greater than 2 .. .4 cm the depth of sowing seeds, the tuks are applied locally and simultaneously with the cultivation of the soil, and the sowing of seeds is carried out on a compacted bed, squeezed out during pre-sowing rolling in areas of local fertilizing, followed by cover of seeds howling and post-sowing soil rolling. 2. A device for tillage and sowing, comprising a front ripper drum with driving teeth and a rear ripper drum mounted on the frame, mounted with the possibility of free rotation and interconnected by an accelerating transmission, cultivating legs mounted between the ripping drums, the racks of cultivating legs located in the middle between the driving teeth of the front ripper drum, a protective casing and packer rollers, characterized in that the cultivator legs have tukonapra The cable ties are connected to the fertilizer box, which feeds the fertilizer to zones located from the racks of the cultivator paws at a distance equal to 1/4 of the installation width between the paws, while the first packer roller in the direction of travel is made with flanges with a height not less than the depth of sowing seeds, which installed on the trail of sowing the tuks and then followed by the seed guides connected by the seed tubes with the seed box, zagortachki and the second packer roller.

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