RU2346104C2 - Bridge-platform - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to traffic facilities. Bridge-platform comprises supports and connected span structures installed above city traffic centers and highway areas, systems for storage of transport means and issue of rental transport means, noise protection, protection against atmospheric precipitation, removal of precipitation, system that supports functioning of warehouses and trade enterprises, remote control of structural units. Structures are arranged as collapsible with the possibility of elements delivery to construction site and assembly with the help of truck cranes and helicopters. Prefabricated span structures are equipped with translucent noise-protection screens and gutters. Supports comprise hingedly joined crossbars, collapsible stands and diagonal braces arranged with the possibility of fixation and unfixturing, using traction bars of hydraulic rams installed with their anvils under crossbar collars hingedly fixed to each other by collapsible stands that consist of hingedly fixed upper and lower semi-stands, at that notch is provided in upper end of lower semi-stand, and this notch matches projection in lower end of upper semi-stand, and groove is provided in crossbar for interaction with projection of lower semi-stand. Upper semi-stand is equipped with inbuilt spring-loaded stop device with rope and balancing arm, and superposed crossbar is arranged with projection, where guide groove is provided with notch that fixes working position of hinge installed with the possibility of displacement along guide groove and interaction with rope of underlying semi-stand stop device with the help of spring-loaded lever and spring latch in process of crossbar lifting.

EFFECT: reduction of time required for assembly of erections, and also possibility of their disassembly and transfer to a new location.

3 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport facilities, in particular, erected in large historically developed cities, where there is a shortage of free territories.

The aim of the invention is to solve problems associated with the rapid growth of motorization in cities, where due to a number of socio-economic factors, the balance between residential and transport construction is disturbed.

So, for example, by 2020 in Moscow, according to the chief architect of the city, it is planned to provide parking at the objects of visit for 2500 thousand cars, however, land plots are not enough for this [1]. The use of underground space for the construction of garages and parking is difficult, in particular, in the capital, as well as in a number of other cities with difficult geological conditions and historically developed buildings. At the same time, one cannot put up with hours of congestion on the roads and a sharp deterioration of the environmental situation in cities.

We propose to use the space above the transport highways and interchanges for placing vehicles, building bridges over them, united among themselves into platforms, which are also used for other urban structures.

Given the existing development of the transport network, all over-trunk facilities can be attributed to two types: transfer bridge [lat. transfer - transplantation] (MT), located above the transport hub, and the synapse bridge [Greek. synapsis - connection, communication] (MS) located above the trunk. For example, in the conditions of the radial-ring planning structure typical of Moscow, the entrance MT will be the structures erected above the transport junctions located at the intersections of multilane highways (Leningradsky, Volokolamsky, Mozhaysky, etc.) with the Moscow Ring Road, and intracity MTs will have similar structures at the intersection highways with the 3rd transport or Garden ring. Accordingly, the MS includes platforms over sections of the Moscow Ring Road, the 3rd and the Garden Rings and other sections between MTs on all highways of the city.

The functional value of MT is to intercept vehicles moving from the suburban territory, store these funds, replace them with other, mostly lighter and more environmentally friendly (cycle mobile, bicycle, helicopter and other ground or air vehicles), which can be offered to the passenger for hire, as well as forwarding a passenger's personal vehicle belonging to the passenger to any MT within the city at a certain point in time, or use public transport. The incentive for choosing any of the options is the opportunity to save time that could otherwise be spent on staying in autos, as well as a flexible scale of the cost of services that MT provides, which are closely related to the complex of public transport stations (metro, bus, trolley) .

MS functions - storage of vehicles, communication with the use of conveyors and cableway between MTs included in the bridge platform system regulated by the automated control system (ACS), as well as the placement of city-wide institutions and structures (warehouses, trade institutions, exhibitions and other objects, which are inappropriate to place in the existing residential development).

In places adjacent to residential buildings, the MS and MT sections are provided with translucent fences that protect the residential area from noise and car exhausts. The highways themselves are blocked by platforms so that rainfall does not interfere with the movement of vehicles and eliminate the need for snowplows on the roads.

Given the oppression of urban areas, conventional construction sites with the installation of tower cranes are unacceptable here.

Known construction methods associated with the lifting of structures using hydraulic lifts [2]. However, these methods are associated with monolithic overlappings, which in the climatic conditions of Russia significantly limits their use. Known methods where the lifting of prefabricated structures is carried out using inventory racks moved by a lift [3]. However, in conditions of rapidly changing technological methods and the need to adjust master plans, transport facilities require the possibility of their transformation during operation and transfer to a new site. For example, the demolition of the Intourist Hotel in Moscow required no less effort and money than its construction.

A known method of construction of collapsible buildings, allowing to dismantle their structures and build in a new place [4]. However, in this case, orthogonal construction plans were used, while the real situation requires the developer to work also in the conditions of curved sections, sections with gaps associated with the presence of historical monuments, green spaces and other objects. In addition, the known method does not take into account dynamic transport influences, relates to residential panel buildings, where diagonal braces are not required, which are necessary with the proposed frame structural scheme.

We propose a system of structures that can be mounted in short periods on complex sites and, if necessary, dismantled and moved to a new location. For this purpose, several successively applied methods of the construction cycle can be used, including growing, turning structures, and installation using truck cranes and helicopters.

The proposed system provides a sharp reduction in congestion on the roads of the metropolis, reducing the environmental load in the city by reducing the number of cars traveling at the same time by replacing them with cycle cars, reducing noise in the city, protecting roads from rainfall by covering the platform from which water is discharged through water and storm drains.

Since the scale of construction will not always allow to erect the entire system of the bridge platform at the same time, as a result of monitoring, the most stressed sections with the priority construction of its elements will be determined. At the same time, requirements may arise for transferring already erected plots to another location. Therefore, collapsible structures will be necessary here.

The proposed system can also be used in case of emergency, when the thoroughfare will be closed. In this case, the platform bridge can be used as a detour.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the city with the applied system of the bridge platform; figure 2 - MT at the level aa in figure 3; figure 3 is a section of MT along BB in figure 2; figure 4 is a perspective view of the MS; figure 5 is the same at the 1st stage of construction; figure 6 is the same at the II-second stage of construction; Fig.7 is a perspective view of a fragment of the MS during the installation process (protrusions and braces are not shown); on Fig - vertical strut MS; figure 9 is a perspective view of the structural unit MS; figure 10 is a perspective view of the structural unit MS with a lifting device; figure 11 is a fragment of the brace of the MS with the headband of the suspender (section); in Fig.12 is a section of the locking device of the brace: I - in the free position, II - fixed position; Fig.13 is the same plan; on Fig is a diagram of the ACS system of the bridge platform.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the city with a radial ring diagram, with the designation MT - 1, MS - 2 and the central location of the ACS - 3. Figure 2 and 3 show the plan and section of the MT, and Figures 4-6 - axonometry of the MS with the indication of structural elements: cups of foundations 4, racks 5, crossbars 6, braces 7, coatings 8.

Figures 7-13 show the construction of the MC support, which includes transformable elements — racks 5 made of pivotally connected to lower and higher bolts 6 and coatings 8 equipped with protrusions 9 that interact with each other when adjoining half racks 10 and 11. At the upper end of the half-post 11, a recess 12 is formed, a protrusion 13 is made at the lower end of the upper half-post, and a groove 14 is made in the protrusion of the crossbar 6.

The upper half-post 10 is equipped with a spring-loaded locking device 15 with a cable 16 and a yoke 17. An overlying crossbar 6 (or cover 8) is made with a protrusion 9, in which a guide groove 14 is formed with a recess 18, which fixes the working position of the hinge 19, which is installed with the possibility of placing along the guide groove 14 and interacting with the cable 16 of the locking device 15 of the underlying half-rack 11 with the help of a spring lever 20 and a spring latch 21 when lifting the package of structures with hydraulic lifts 22, which are moved along inventory cages 23, which at this time abut with their hinged stops 24 on already mounted structures through collars 25, resting on the horizontal surface of the suppressed crossbars. Through the holes 26 in the collar 25, vertical rods 27 are passed, which are fixed at the top to the lift 22, and below with their arms they are pulled up to the collar 25 of the underlying tier of the package. Similarly, the braces 28 of the braces are attached by the head braces 29 to the braces 7 installed in the grooves 30, which slide along the grooves, the braces being driven by the hydraulic hoist 22 to which they are attached.

Given the dynamic loads arising from the operation of the bridge platform, the lower swivel joint of the brace 7 is equipped with electromagnetic vacuum suction cups 31 made of elastic material and operating using a remotely controlled electronic device (Fig.12 and 13). The protrusion 9 of the crossbar 6 is equipped with a pin 32 having a head 33 with electromagnets 34, which, when current is applied, press the metal insert 35 to the head 33, releasing the brace 7 during dismantling, and when the current is turned off and the power is supplied to the electromagnet 36, which presses the suction cup 31 (due to blocking by a metal valve 37 air intake into the inside of the suction cup), - to the protrusion 9, having a polished surface, rigidly fixing the brace 7.

Installation of transformable structures MS is as follows. A device for erection and transformation is installed on the cover of the package of structures, including hoists 22 with inventory racks 23 passed through them and through openings in the cover 8 (and / or crossbars 6), resting their hinged stops 24 on the cover 8 or crossbars 6, and their lower ends into the glasses of the foundations 4. Through the guides of the lifts 22 and through the collars 25 of the cover and the crossbars, cargo rods 27 are passed, which are fixed under the collars 25 of the crossbars 6. The lifts are interconnected on top of the horizon total stiffness bonds.

The package of structures is lifted along the inventory racks 23 with the help of elevators 22 to a height exceeding the level of the floor mark of the first tier. The half-posts 10 and 11 of the first tier, pivotally connected to the lower crossbars, as well as to each other, are moved apart. The rack hinge 19 slides down the guide groove 14 of the protrusion 9 and takes its lowest position. Both half-posts 10 and 11 are aligned in one line and released by turning the rocker arm 17. The locking device 15, entering the recess 12 of the lower half-posts 11, under the action of the spring 38 provides the rigidity of the connection between the half-posts 10 and 11. Then, with the help of the lift 22, the packet is lowered, when this hinge 19, rising along the guide groove 14 of the protrusion 9, rotates the spring lever 20, which frees up space for the spring latch 21, which in turn extends beyond the latch 39, taking the upper initial position.

For the installation of the next tiers, the head arms of the cargo rods 28 are released, lifted up, brought under the collars 25 of the next crossbar (in this case, the second tier) and fixed there. Then the lifts are switched on in the lifting mode of the inventory racks 23, which raise to the height of one tier, while the articulated stops 24 are removed inside the inventory racks 23 so that they do not impede the passage of the latter through the holes in the crossbars above the lower (in this case, the first) tier, and then swivel the hinges 24 and lean inventory racks 23 on the crossbars of the mounted tier, after which the cycle is repeated.

When dismantling structures for fixing the half-posts 10 and 11, the elevators 22 raise the cover 8 along the inventory posts 23 with the help of cargo rods 27, while the hinge 19 lowers along the guide groove 14 of the protrusion 9, changing the vertical position of the half-posts 10 and 11, bringing them into a horizontal position, when they are folded one on top of the other.

In the process of lifting the coating and moving the hinge 19, the locking device 15 is pulled out by a cable 16 fixed by a spring latch 21 held by the latch 18, while the locking device 15 extends beyond the latch 38 under the action of the spring 39, and the hinge 19, reaching the extreme position, presses spring lever 20, setting it in the position necessary for the subsequent folding of the half-racks.

As a result of successive folding of structures in a package, it can be dismantled and transferred to another site.

Folding racks is preceded by the remote unlocking of the suction cups 31 on the braces, which are brought into a horizontal position using braces 28.

The displacement of a person from the construction process will lead to the creation of a more reliable structure, elimination of wet processes during installation and reduction of the cost of the structure, as well as flexible operational management of urban traffic flows.

The bridge platform is equipped with an ACS (Fig. 14), including a central control point, and contains a terminal 40 and a computing device 41 connected via an interface 42 with sensors 43 and actuators 44 of the control units for mounting, operation and dismantling of node 45 and trunk platforms 46, systems storage of vehicles 47, protection against noise 48, protection against precipitation 49, removal of precipitation 50, issuing rental vehicles 51, ensuring the functioning of related facilities 52 and remote control of electronic locking devices stvami 53, located on the structural nodes.

References

1. Fadeeva I. Flywheel of civil engineering. / "Moscow Truth" for 08/05/1999.

2. Sahakyan A.O., Sahakyan P.O., Shakhnazaryan S.Kh. The construction of buildings by lifting. M .: Stroyizdat, 1982, 551 p.

3. RU 2026941, C1, 1995.

4. Sarkisov S.K. A multi-storey building, transformed vertically. // DOP NTI N 012-26.04.90 - I. M: VNIITAG, 1990, 7 pp., Ill.

Claims (3)

1. Platform bridge, including supports and associated span structures located above urban transport hubs and trunk sections, vehicle storage systems and rental vehicle issuance, noise protection, rainfall protection, rainfall removal, warehouses operation support system and commercial institutions, remote control of structural units, characterized in that its structures are made collapsible with the possibility of delivery of elements to the construction site and installation using truck cranes and helicopters, and pre-span constructions assembled are equipped with translucent noise screens and storm drains, while the supports include articulated rails, folding racks and braces made with the possibility of fixing and fixing using rods of hydraulic hoists installed by their head arms under the collars crossbars pivotally connected among themselves by folding racks consisting of the upper and lower half racks pivotally connected among themselves, while on In the upper end of the lower half-mast there is a recess corresponding to a protrusion on the lower end of the upper half-mast, and in the bolt there is a groove for interacting with the protrusion of the lower half-mast, the upper half-mast equipped with a spring-loaded locking device with a cable and beam, and the overlying bolt is made with a protrusion in which formed a guide groove with a recess that fixes the working position of the hinge mounted to move along the guide groove and interact with the cable of the locking device below boiling semiproof via a spring-loaded lever and the spring latch during lifting crossbars. 2. The platform bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower swivel of the braces with the collars of the crossbars is equipped with electromagnetic vacuum suction cups made of elastic material, operating by means of a remotely controlled device including electromagnets located on the surface of the collar and the head of the collar pin, the suction cups are designed to interact either with the surface of the collar or with the head of the pin to press the braces to the crossbars when mounting the support or when air is supplied inside the suction cup and equipped with a valve to release the metal struts, when dismantling constructions, the movement of the bracing is effected by suspenders, attached to the hydraulic ram and the end cap equipped mounted in grooves struts. 3. The bridge platform according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an automated control system, including a central control point, terminal, computing device connected via an interface with sensors and actuators of control units for mounting, operation and dismantling of node and trunk platforms, systems storage of vehicles, protection against noise, protection against precipitation, issuing rental vehicles, ensuring the functioning of warehouses and trade establishments, and managing electronic locking devices tvam.

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