RU2335139C2 - Method of grain germination - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture, in particular to manufacturing fresh green fodder from germinated grain. The method involves making a layer of grain 2-2.5 cm thick in trays with holes in the bottom and sidewalls, grain leveling, irrigating it with water of room temperature and germinating grain in the light. Prior to laying out, the grain is sterilised with 0.2% potassium permanganate, then washed with water and steeped for 12 hours. Afterwards lighting system is switched on and during 3 days the grain is germinated in the light with photoperiod of 16 hours being irrigated every four hours during lighting period. The lighting system consists of simultaneously used luminous tubes operating in different wave length bands (white light, blue light, red light). Ultraviolet light with wave length of 230-400 nm is used as a bactericide when laying out the grain onto the trays and irrigating it with water.

EFFECT: development advantageous process of manufacturing fresh green fodder from germinated grain.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, feed production to improve the biological value of feed, in particular to the production of fresh green feed from germinated grain.

A known method of germination of grain for the food industry (RF patent 2155215, C12C 1/02, A01C 1/00, publ. 2000.08.27), including passing through a pre-soaked grain DC electric current magnitude of the current strength of 0.001-1 mA with additional grain processing biologically active agent. Depending on the feedstock, immunocorrection, growth regulating agents or agents possessing both immunocorrection and growth regulating properties can be used.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the use of expensive electrodes made of titanium, in addition, it is necessary to apply special measures to protect maintenance personnel against the action of current (chemicals, growth-regulating agents).

A known method of producing hydroponic fresh feed for agriculture, namely for the production of hydroponic fresh feed for therapeutic, preventive and feed purposes (RF patent 2264705, A01G 31/00, A23K 1/00, publ. 2005.05.10), selected as a prototype . This method includes laying the seeds on biopallets and irrigation with heated water, mixing and leveling, then laying with an even layer of crushed sphagnum swamp leaf-stem dry moss. Germination of seeds is carried out without lighting for 70-75 hours with two to three times irrigation per day. Then they irrigate with a nutrient solution with illumination and grow greens in the light for 115-125 hours with a photoperiod of 12-14 hours and illumination of 1500-2000 lux. Sprouts are irrigated with water having a temperature of 10-20 ° C, with three to four daily multiplicity. The air temperature is maintained equal to 20-24 ° C during the entire eight-day production cycle.

The disadvantage of this method is the additional cost of electricity when heating water for irrigation, as well as the long term germination of grain, comprising 70-75 hours. In addition, the location of biopallets with a bottom inclined to the horizon for drainage does not provide sufficient aeration for the root system of seedlings.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method of germination of grain in order to improve its quality, as well as increase the content of proteins and biologically active substances (ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids) due to the activation of natural processes in the germinating grain under the influence of radiation with different wavelength ranges.

The problem is solved in that the method of germination of grain, like the prototype, includes unfolding grain on pallets, irrigating it with water and germinating grain in the light, differs from the prototype in that the grain is pre-sterilized with potassium permanganate (0.2%) followed by washing with water , then soaked for 12 hours and laid out on pallets with a perforated bottom and walls with a layer of 2-2.5 cm, level and irrigate the grain with room temperature water, turn on the lighting system, which is used simultaneously with radiation in the range not wavelengths 380-750 nm (white light) fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range 420-460 nm (blue light) or 615-670 nm (red light) with a total intensity of 2500 lux, and germinate the grain in the light with a photoperiod 16 hours for three days and irrigation with water every four hours during lighting.

To reduce the degree of grain infestation, ultraviolet radiation of bactericidal lamps of the UVKO-1 type (Ultraviolet Combined Irradiator, Kharkiv Tochmedpribor Plant OJSC) is used in the wavelength range (230-400 nm) for 10 min when the grain is laid out on pallets and irrigated with room temperature water .

The lighting system uses fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range (380-750) TL-D 36W / 54-765 (white lamps, Philips), TL '/ 18 (blue lamps, Philips) and TL' / 15 (red lamps Philips).

The ratio of the number of lamps in the lighting system with white and blue light is 4: 1, respectively.

The ratio of the number of lamps in a lighting installation with white and red light is 4: 2, respectively.

Plastic containers can also be used as trays for growing wheat.

The implementation of the method can be illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Wheat grain "Novosibirsk-29" is placed in a container and sterilized with potassium permanganate 0.2% for 20 minutes, followed by three times washing with water, then soaked in water at room temperature for 12 hours and laid on plastic pallets 5 cm high, s perforated bottom or walls, a layer of 2-2.5 cm, irrigated with water at room temperature. In the process of laying out the grain on pallets and irrigation with water at a certain distance (50-60 cm) from the grain surface, ultraviolet emitters UVKO-1 (lamp DRT-125-1) are placed, which include. The exposure duration is selected from 1-10 minutes, after which the treatment is completed. Then turn on the lighting system of four fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range of 380-750 nm (white light) and one fluorescent lamp with radiation in the wavelength range of 420-460 nm (blue light). The total light intensity of fluorescent lamps in a lighting installation is 2500 lux. Photoperiod, i.e. the duration of germination of grain using a lighting installation is 16 hours per day. The lighting installation is connected to a "time relay" - a device that regulates the on and off of fluorescent lamps in accordance with a given program. During lighting every four hours, the grain is irrigated with water at room temperature. Irrigation is carried out by a spray gun, which leads to an even distribution of water and moisture. Grain germination using a lighting installation is carried out until the coleoptiles (i.e., greenish membranous caps that protect the kidney and the first leaf during germination of cereals) of the upper grains reach a length of 1.5-2 cm. This occurs 3 days from the bookmark grain. Next, the germinated grain is dried in an oven or in a thermostat at a temperature of 100-115 ° C for 10 minutes, and then left at 60 ° C for 4 hours. Table 1 shows the content of proteins and biologically active substances in three-day-old seedlings of wheat "Novosibirsk-29" grown using a lighting system that contains four fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range of 380-750 nm (white light) and one fluorescent lamp with radiation in the wavelength range of 420-460 nm (blue light).

Example 2. The grain of wheat "Novosibirsk-29" is placed in a container and sterilized, soaked, treated with ultraviolet radiation as in example 1. Then turn on the lighting system of four fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range of 380-750 nm (white light) and two fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range of 615-670 nm (red light). The total intensity of the fluorescent lamps in the lighting system is 2500 lux. The photoperiod is 16 hours a day, and every four hours during illumination, the grain is irrigated with water at room temperature. Germination of grain using a lighting installation is carried out until the moment when the coleoptiles of the upper grains reach a length of 1.5-2 cm, which occurs for 3 days. Next, the germinated grain is dried in an oven or in a thermostat at a temperature of 100-115 ° C for 10 minutes, and then left at 60 ° C for 4 hours. Table 2 shows the content of proteins and biologically active substances in three-day-old seedlings of wheat "Novosibirsk-29" grown using a lighting system that contains four fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range of 380-750 nm (white light) and two fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range of 615-670 nm (red light).

Table 3 shows the content of proteins and biologically active substances in three-day-old seedlings of wheat "Novosibirsk-29" grown using a lighting installation that contains five fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range of 380-750 nm (white light). Table 3 shows that the use of fluorescent lamps with radiation in the wavelength range of 380-750 nm (white light) does not contribute to the accumulation of a sufficiently high amount of proteins and biologically active substances in wheat grains than when implementing the proposed method with the addition of radiation with a different wavelength range .

Thus, the proposed method allows to obtain germinated grain of improved quality with an increased content of proteins and biologically active substances.

Table 1

The content of proteins and biologically active substances in three-day-old seedlings of wheat "Novosibirsk-29" grown using a lighting installation that contains four fluorescent lamps with radiation of 380-750 nm (white light) and one fluorescent lamp with radiation of 420-460 nm (blue light )

Test Wheat Grain Water soluble proteins, mg / g Ascorbic acid, mg / 100 g Carotenoids, mcg / g Flavonoids, mg / g Before germination 36.72 ± 0.86 0 3.36 ± 0.10 0 After germination (dried seedlings) 105.4 ± 2.64 2.66 ± 0.13 11.02 ± 0.98 0.55 ± 0.03

table 2

The content of proteins and biologically active substances in three-day-old seedlings of wheat "Novosibirsk-29" grown using a lighting installation that contains four fluorescent lamps with radiation 380-750 nm (white light) and two fluorescent lamps with radiation 615-670 nm (red light )

Test Wheat Grain Water soluble proteins, mg / g Ascorbic acid, mg / 100 g Carotenoids, mcg / g Flavonoids, mg / g Before germination 36.72 ± 0.86 0 3.36 ± 0.10 0 After germination (dried seedlings) 40.11 ± 1.14 2.08 ± 0.17 7.14 ± 0.98 1.34 ± 0.03

Table 3

The content of proteins and biologically active substances in three-day-old seedlings of wheat "Novosibirsk-29" grown using a lighting installation that contains five fluorescent lamps with radiation of 380-750 nm (white light)

Test Wheat Grain Water soluble proteins, mg / g Ascorbic acid, mg / 100 g Carotenoids, mcg / g Flavonoids, mg / g Before germination 36.72 ± 0.86 0 3.36 ± 0.10 0 After germination (dried seedlings) 62.84 ± 0.86 1.85 ± 0.13 8.60 ± 0.47 1.01 ± 0.05

Claims (2)

1. A method of germinating grain, including unfolding grain on pallets, irrigating it with water and germinating grain in the light, characterized in that the grain is pre-sterilized with 0.2% potassium permanganate, followed by washing with water, then soaked for 12 hours and laid out on pallets with a perforated bottom and walls with a layer of 2-2.5 cm, level and irrigate the grain with room temperature water, turn on a lighting system in which fluorescent lamps with radiation are used simultaneously with radiation in the wavelength range of 380-750 nm (white light) Niemi in the wavelength range 420-460 nm (blue light) or 615-670 nm (red light) from the total intensity of 2500 lux, germinated grain to light with a photoperiod of 16 hours for three days and irrigation water every four hours during lighting. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of laying out the grain on pallets and irrigation with water, ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 230-400 nm is used as a bactericidal agent.