RU2332000C2 - Opener for local fertiliser dressing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: opener for local fertilising dressing consists of the crack making tool with two plates attached thereto; the plug connected with the power transmission is installed on the axle attached to the support. The fixed and regulating disks are installed on the plug, the said disks being connected with the bottom part of the fertiliser bunker. There is also a cover covering disks' exterior surface except for the upper and lower parts. The cylinder having the radius equal to that of the disk is fixed on the exterior part of the regulating disk. Square paddles directed into disk centre are mounted on the interior side of the cylinder. The Z-shape plates are located in a circumferential direction on the fixed disk, with the square paddles, Z-shape plates and disks planes creating together the walls of rectangular cells for fertilisers. There are holes in the cylinder for supplying mineral fertilisers inside the cells. The fixed disk is connected rigidly with the plug white the regulating disk is installed on the plug and can be moved about the axis of the fixed disk for regulating the cells volume by changing position of square paddles against Z-shape plates. The opener has a regulating mechanism, with scale graduated on the control quadrant. A detent lever is fixed pivotally to the regulating disk and equipped with a bolt rigidly fixed thereto. The said bolt intermeshes with the control quadrant and indicates on the scale the amount of supplied fertiliser depending on the regulating disk slewing angle.

EFFECT: improvement of dosed supply of the fertilisers.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for metered application of fertilizers.

A tool for introducing bulk materials into the soil is known, including a frame with running wheels on which a metering device in the form of a drum is freely mounted on an axis. Holes are made in the rim of the drum with pivotally mounted spring-loaded buckets-dumpers having stops. A disk with a bracket and a roller is mounted on the drum axis, interacting with the stops of the dumping buckets [SU 1014496 A, A01C 7/14, A01C 15/16, 08/13/1981. Tool for applying bulk materials to the soil]. The proposed device does not provide for regulation of the seeding rate of the introduced material, in addition, it is difficult to manufacture.

Known fertilizer apparatus comprising a housing, a hopper, a lid, a bottom supported by a pin, a seed element in the form of a disk with horizontal pins. The sowing disk is mounted on the shaft with a pin and is installed between two rotatable cams, cups, kinematically connected to the lever. To prevent the rash of fat, a visor is installed. The working surface of the cam-cups is made on a logarithmic spiral. When the metering element rotates, the pins through the locking channel enter the hopper cavity in its lower part, penetrate the seed, carry it through the tapering seed channel through the exhaust channel. The seeding rate of the tuks can be adjusted by changing the area of the passage section of the exhaust window, turning the cams with the lever and changing the speed of the sowing element [SU 1510749 A1, A01C 7/12, A01C 15/16, 01/22/1988. Fertilizer sowing apparatus]. The disadvantage of this device is that the seed is introduced in the form of a continuous tape, and not in the form of foci.

Known fertilizer apparatus, consisting of a hopper, sowing window, shutter, rotor with blades, washers, a truncated passive drum with an axis mounted in the cavity of the rotor. A rotor with a passive drum is placed in the housing. In advance, by moving the shutter, the working volume of the coil (rotor with blades and washers) is regulated, fertilizer from the hopper enters the rotor and fills the volume formed by the blades, washers, the outer surface of the drum, and the cylindrical wall of the housing. Since a minimum gap is left between the rotor and the drum surface, as well as between the rotor and the housing, self-pouring out of the material is prevented and a metered portion of the material is transported to the sowing window. Washers installed across the blades at a certain distance from each other, regardless of the size of the opening of the shutter window, allow limiting the fertilizer filling area along the rotor grip width and ensuring a given seeding rate [SU 1496670 A1, A01C 7/12, 05/08/1987. Fertilizer sowing apparatus]. However, this device does not provide focal seeding of fertilizers.

A device for applying fertilizer to the soil is known, in which the working body for applying fertilizer to the soil is made in the form of a flat disk with trapezoidal teeth. The disk is equipped with direct fertilizer transporting trays, directed against the direction of rotation of the disk, and the reflectors of the tuks at the place where the particles from the trays. Tukotransporting trays are installed at an angle of no more than 90 ° to the radial direction in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation, and in cross section have a groove-like shape of a truncated circular ring. The gutter-shaped side is turned in the opposite direction of rotation. Reflectors are flat and mounted on the disk with the possibility of angular movement. The acquisition of the absolute speed of the fertilizer during the process allows you to either gain a foothold in the soil or pinched in the soil behind a disk organ, thereby creating a continuous vertical screen of fertilizers [RU 2204231 C2, A01C 7/06, A01B 49/06, 03/13/2001. Fertilizer Spreader]. The device in question does not allow you to adjust the fertilizer application rate, moreover, the fertilizer is applied with a continuous tape, which leads to an excessive consumption of the introduced material.

The technical result is an improvement in the process of dosed supply of portions of fertilizer.

This is achieved by the fact that the coulter for focal mineral fertilizer application includes a slot machine with two shields attached to it, between which on the axis attached to the rack there is a sleeve connected to the kinematic transmission, on which a fixed and adjusting discs are installed, and the discs are connected to the lower part fertilizer hopper, and a casing covering the outer surface of the discs, except for their upper and lower parts, and a cylinder of the same size as the radius, along the inside of which rectangular blades are installed, directed to the center of the disk, and Z-shaped plates are located around the circumference of the fixed disk, so that the rectangular blades assembled with Z-shaped plates and with the planes of two disks form walls of rectangular cells for fertilizers, and in the cylinder there are windows for the entry of mineral fertilizers into the cells. In addition, the fixed disk is rigidly connected to the sleeve, and the adjustment disk is mounted on the sleeve with the possibility of rotation about the axis of the fixed disk to regulate the volume of cells by changing the position of the rectangular blades relative to the Z-shaped plates, while the coulter has an adjustment mechanism on the gear sector of which a scale is applied, and a fixing lever is attached to the control disk by a hinge, on which a tongue is rigidly fixed, which engages with the gear sector and shows on les portions fertilizer value depending on the angle of rotation of the adjusting disk.

Figure 1 shows the proposed opener for focal fertilizer application, side view, figure 2 is the same, front view, figure 3 - fixed disk, figure 4 - adjusting disk.

The coulter includes a slotting device 1, mounted on the rack 2 with a screw 3. Two boards 4 are attached to the slotting device 1, a sleeve 6 is connected between the shields on the axis 5 attached to the rack 2, which is connected to the kinematic transmission. The fixed disk 7 is rigidly connected to the sleeve 6. The adjustment disk 8 is mounted on the sleeve 6 with the possibility of rotation relative to the axis of the fixed disk 7. The disks 7 and 8 are connected to the lower part of the fertilizer hopper 9. Z-shaped plates 10 are located around the circumference of the fixed disk 7 (see figure 3). On the outside of the adjusting disk 8, a cylinder 11 of a radius equal to the disk 8 is rigidly attached (see Fig. 4). On the inner side of the cylinder 11, rectangular vanes 12 are installed, directed towards the center of the disk 8. Rectangular vanes 12 assembled with Z-shaped plates 10 and with the planes of the disks 7 and 8 form the walls of rectangular cells 13 for fertilizers (see figure 2) B The cylinder 11 is provided with windows for the entry of mineral fertilizers into the cells 13. A casing 14 covers the outer surface of the disks, except for its upper and lower parts.

The kinematic transmission consists of a drive chain connected via a transmission to a drive wheel (not shown) and sprocket 15.

The adjusting mechanism includes a gear sector 16 mounted on the sleeve 6 with axial movement along the flat and fixed with a nut 17. A washer 18 is installed between the gear sector 16 and the nut 17. A clamping washer 19 is installed between the adjusting disc 8 and the gear sector 16. sector 16 engages the tongue 20, rigidly mounted on the locking lever 21, attached by means of a hinge 22 to the adjustment disk 8. The locking lever 21 is pressed by an L-shaped spring 23 to the gear sector 16. Nut 17, install ennoy on the sleeve 6 by a threaded joint through the presser washer 19 and the sector gear 16 is pressed against the control dial 8 to the Z-shaped plates 10 of the fixed plate 7, which eliminates clearances and disc displacement relative to each other. A scale 24 is applied to the gear sector 16, on which the size of the fertilizer dose is shown by the tongue 20 depending on the angle of rotation of the adjustment disc 8.

The proposed opener works as follows.

Frame 2 informs the coulter translational movement. With a slot former 1, a furrow is made in the soil. By means of shields 4 attached to the slot former 1, the furrow is prevented from falling into the ground. The drive wheel of the seeder (not shown) through the kinematic transmission and the sprocket 15 drive the sleeve 6 mounted on the axis 5. The sleeve 6 transmits torque through the fixed disk 7 to the adjustment disk. When combining the empty cell 13 and the hole in the upper part of the casing 14, a portion of the mineral fertilizer from the hopper 9 enters the cell 13. With a further rotation of the disk, the cell 13 coincides with the hole in the lower part of the casing 14, and the portion of the mineral fertilizer falls to the bottom of the furrow. During rotation, discs 7 and 8 provide focal application of mineral fertilizers.

The volume of the cells 13 is regulated by the position of the rectangular blades 12 relative to the Z-shaped plates 10. To do this, unscrew the nut 17, retract the locking lever 21, so that the tongue 20 disengages from the gear sector 17, and the adjustment disk 8 is rotated with the same locking lever 21 relative to the axis of the fixed disk 7 by the required angle corresponding to the new position of the rectangular blades 12. When turning, the rectangular blades 12 change their position relative to the plates of the Z-shaped form 10, while the volume of filled reniyami cells 13 and the amount of servings of fertilizer. The new position of the adjusting disk 8 is fixed with a nut 17 and a locking lever 21, engaging the tongue 20 (which simultaneously serves as an arrow indicating the new position on the scale 23) and the gear sector 17.

The proposed opener will provide high-quality fertilizer application at the depth of their placement, by increasing the accuracy of dosing and placement of portions in the furrow. This will save fertilizers and improve plant nutrition, which will lead to an increase in the yield of industrial crops.

Information sources

1. SU 1014496 A, A01C 7/14, A01C 15/16, 08/13/1981. A tool for applying bulk materials to the soil. A.I. Nuzhdov, N.I. Kornienko, V.I. Murrashenko.

2. SU 1510749 A1, A01C 7/12, A01C 15/16, 01/22/1988. Fertilizer metering device. P.V.Sysolin, A.P. Muntyan, V.M. Khrolikov and V.I. Sham.

3. SU 1496670 A1, A01C 7/12, 05/08/1987. Fertilizer metering device. A.Zh. Aghajanyan, S.V. Pogosbekyan, A.A. Tonikyan.

4. RU 2204231 C2, A01C 7/06, A01B 49/06, 03/13/2001. A device for fertilizing the soil. R.N. Bulatov, H.S. Gainanov, E.N. Fattakhov.

Claims (3)

1. A coulter for focal mineral fertilizer application, comprising a slot former with two shields attached to it, between which, on an axis attached to the rack, there is a sleeve connected to the kinematic transmission, on which a fixed and adjustment discs are installed, the discs being connected to the lower part of the hopper for fertilizers, and a casing covering the outer surface of the discs, except for their upper and lower parts, and on the outer part of the adjustment disc, a cylinder of the same radius as the disc, is fixed on the inside The front side of which has rectangular vanes directed towards the center of the disk, and Z-shaped plates are located around the circumference of the fixed disk so that the rectangular vanes assembled with Z-shaped plates and with the planes of two disks form the walls of rectangular fertilizer cells, moreover in the cylinder there are windows for the entry of mineral fertilizers into the cells. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed disk is rigidly connected to the sleeve, and the adjustment disk is mounted on the sleeve with the possibility of rotation about the axis of the fixed disk to control the volume of the cells by changing the position of the rectangular blades relative to the Z-shaped plates. 3. The opener according to claim 2, characterized in that it has an adjusting mechanism, on the gear sector of which a scale is applied, and a fixing lever is attached to the control disk by a hinge, on which a tongue is fixed, which engages with the gear sector and shows on the scale the size of the portion of fertilizer, depending on the angle of rotation of the adjustment disk.

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