RU2343678C2 - Mounted mineral fertiliser spreader - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural industry; mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: mounted mineral fertiliser spreader consists of a frame whereon located is a tank with a safety grid and a metering hole, a mixer, and a fertiliser disperser. Agitating device made in the form of four bent agitators symmetrically located on the eccentric by means of a sleeve is used as a mixer. Fertiliser disperser is made in the form of two plates with four blades equipped with sleeves. Size of the metering hole is adjusted with the tank bottom shutters which are controlled with a lever through a rod. Tractor power takeoff drive is performed by attaching the disperser and agitating device to the reduction gear shaft by means of pins.

EFFECT: improving the uniform distribution of loose material on the soil surface, increasing the grasp width of the device, and enlarging the inventory of the given purpose.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely, devices for applying fertilizers, and is intended for the surface application of solid mineral fertilizers in granular or crystalline form for feeding grain and row crops, meadows and pastures and aggregated with tractors.

A large amount of fertilizer is scattered in agriculture, which is associated with significant costs. Therefore, when spreading, it is necessary to distribute expensive mineral fertilizers so that they can be optimally used by plants.

A variety of technical devices have been developed for spreading fertilizers. Pneumatic and centrifugal fertilizer spreaders are particularly recommended. In order for mineral fertilizers to be distributed as rationally as possible, the ability to configure the fertilizer spreader is necessary.

Agriculture is closely related to the environment and should not have a negative impact on it, in particular due to the introduction of too large doses of mineral fertilizers, which also significantly increases production costs, most of which are the costs of mineral fertilizers. The rational application of fertilizers should include both ensuring the necessary performance and the absence of harmful effects on the environment. Currently, in agriculture, as a rule, they act on the principle of applying excessive amounts of fertilizer, i.e. the land user, based on the soil needs for nutrients, introduces into the soil such an amount of mineral fertilizers that will surely provide the desired yield. Thus, more fertilizer is scattered than it will be practically used, and this inevitably leads to the formation of an excess reserve in the soil and to an increased leaching of nutrients. In order to be able to make fertilizers with less negative impact on the environment, the spreader must be set up.

Known fertilizer spreader (RU 2104629 C1, A01C 15/00, A01C 17/00, 02/20/1998) containing spreading bodies and a reservoir with metering bodies, as well as a separate auxiliary metering body, while the flow rate and dosage are calculated according to a previously taken flow characteristic . Such a device provides for complex preparation and regulation.

Known centrifugal spreader of bulk materials, including a hopper, a scattering disk with flat blades and a receiving chamber with an outlet opening, providing a flow of bulk material from the side of the inner ends of the blades (SU 251291 A1, A01C 17/00, 01/01/1969). The bottom of the receiving chamber of the device is the scattering disk itself. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the material is dispersed from the center of the disk in all directions, sown through the outlet, picked up by the blades and scattered across the field.

The disadvantage of this device is that it does not provide a large sieving width and sufficient uniformity of the distribution of bulk material over the field surface. This is due to the fact that part of the material, after contact with the blade, is reflected from it and is located in close proximity to the scattering disk. Another part of it is picked up by the blades with an initial speed along the blades close to zero, accelerated along them and distributed around the scattering disk for a short distance. In this case, the flight range of the material is reduced due to the premature gathering of bulk material from the upper edges of the flat blades. In addition, particles of material are crushed in the gap between the end of the receiving chamber and the surface of the scattering disk, as well as when they hit the blades at the place of supply of bulk material. Due to the impact of the material on the surface of the blades, their intense sticking occurs, which also leads to a decrease in the width of the spreader.

Known spreader of organic fertilizers (RU 2288563 C1, А01С 3/06, А01С 23/00, 12/10/2006) containing a running gear, a hopper with a loading hatch equipped with a safety grill, a mixing device in the form of a blade shaft ending with a screw, a metering valve, spreading an organ having a drive from the tractor power take-off shaft, and a metering valve made with the possibility of changing the size of the metering window. A disadvantage of the known device is that it does not allow using it for granular fertilizers, i.e. cannot provide a large sieving width and uniform distribution of bulk material over the field surface.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the uniformity of the distribution of bulk material on the surface of the soil and increase the width of the device. The claimed device, in addition, expands the arsenal of funds for this purpose.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the mounted mineral fertilizer spreader, aggregated with the tractor and containing a hopper with a safety grill and a metering hole, as well as a mixing device and a drive from the tractor power take-off shaft, is also characterized by the fact that the hopper with a tip and metering holes in the bottom is placed on frame, as a mixing device used agitator, made in the form of four curved agitators, symmetrically located on the eccentric using bushings ki, the fertilizer diffuser is made in the form of two disks with four blades equipped with bushings, the metering holes are made with the possibility of regulating their size using the hopper bottom flaps, adjustable through the link with the lever, and the drive from the tractor power take-off shaft is carried out by attaching the diffuser and agitator to the shaft gearbox with pins.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

general view of the mounted spreader (figure 1),

a diffuser assembly with a reducer (FIG. 2),

diffuser (figure 3),

agitator (figure 4),

drive mechanism (figure 5),

flap control mechanism (Fig.6).

Figure 1 shows the frame (1), the hopper (2), the extension (3) and the sieve (4).

Figure 2 - the control mechanism of the valves (5), agitator (6), the diffuser (7), the gearbox (8).

Figure 3 - discs (9, 10) of the diffuser, the blade (11), the sleeve (12).

Figure 4 - eccentric (13), agitator (14), agitator sleeve (15), cap (16), agitator nut (17), agitator washer (18), cotter pin (19).

Figure 5 (drive mechanism) shows the mounting of the diffuser (7) and agitator (6) to the gearbox shaft (8) with pins 20.

Figure 6 shows in more detail the mechanism for controlling the shutters of the holes of the bottom (21) of the hopper (2) - the shutter (22), rod (23), lever (24), washers of the control mechanism of the shutters (25), bolts (26), frame bracket (27).

The mounted spreader of mineral fertilizers is aggregated with a tractor. It contains a hopper with a safety grill and a metering hole, as well as a mixing device and a drive from the tractor PTO. A hopper with a tip and dosing holes in the bottom is placed on the frame. As a mixing device used agitator. The agitator is made in the form of four curved agitators, symmetrically located on the eccentric with the help of a sleeve, the fertilizer diffuser is made in the form of two disks with four blades equipped with bushings. Dosing holes are made with the possibility of regulating their size using the valves of the bottom of the hopper, adjustable through traction lever. The drive from the tractor power take-off shaft is carried out by attaching the diffuser and agitator to the gearbox shaft using pins.

Mounted spreader of mineral fertilizers works as follows.

Fertilizers with high humidity and a particle size (granules) of not more than 7 mm are loaded into the hopper 2. When using larger particles, arching can occur in the hopper, sticking of the working bodies, disruption of the sowing process. Loading is carried out by automobile or tractor loaders or general purpose loaders.

The sieve 4 is a metal mesh and is installed in the hopper 2 and serves to prevent the ingress of large pieces of packed fertilizers or foreign objects.

The claimed spreader is aggregated with tractors of traction class 1.4-2.0 with a PTO speed of 1000 rpm. For example, with tractors of the following brands: MTZ 80/82, YuMZ-6AL / 6AM, LTZ-145, T-142, MTZ-100/102.

Fertilizers located in the hopper through the flaps fall on the diffuser, which distributes the fertilizer in a fan-shaped flow over the field surface.

The drive of the working bodies is carried out from the power take-off shaft (PTO) of the tractor through the driveshaft and gearbox.

All assembly units and parts of the spreader are mounted on the frame 1, made in the form of a tubular welded structure. The hopper 2 acts as a fertilizer tank, and the extension 3 is designed to increase its volume and is bolted.

The diffuser is made in the form of two disks 9, 10 with blades fixed to them 11. The agitator 6 located inside the hopper 2 provides the fertilizer through the shutters to the diffuser 7.

The drive mechanism consists of a single-stage bevel gear 8 and a telescopic driveshaft. The drive is carried out from the tractor PTO.

The damper control mechanism is designed to set the dose of fertilizer application. The mechanism is located under the bottom of the hopper 21 and consists of a movable shutter 22, a thrust 23 and a lever 24 fixed to it.

The claimed invention provides fertilizer application in fields, pastures and orchards, followed by their cultivation with tillage tools, top dressing of winter, row crops and grasses, and can also be used for the spread sowing of green manure seeds.

Claims (1)

A mounted mineral fertilizer spreader, aggregated with a tractor and containing a hopper with a safety grill and a metering hole, as well as a mixing device and a drive from the tractor power take-off shaft, characterized in that the hopper with a nozzle and metering holes in the bottom is placed on the frame as a mixing device a tedder is used, made in the form of four curved tedders, symmetrically located on the eccentric with a sleeve, the fertilizer diffuser is made in the form of two discs With four blades equipped with bushings, the metering holes are made with the possibility of regulating their size using the hopper bottom flaps, which are adjustable via a lever link, and the drive from the tractor power take-off shaft is carried out by attaching the diffuser and agitator to the gearbox shaft using pins.

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