RU2400044C1 - Shovel for focal multilevel application of mineral fertilisers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: shovel contains a bin for fertilisers, a slot forming device with two screens attached thereto with have a separator plate. Between the screens on an axle attached to a post a bushing is mounted connected to power transmission on which bushing a moving disk and an adjustment disk are mounted. Along the moving disk circumference and along the outer part of the adjustment disk plates are attached in such a way that the L-shaped plates of the adjustment disk, when in assembly, form walls of rectangular cells for fertilisers with the moving disk plates and the disks planes, the cell volume being adjustable. The disks outer surface is covered with a housing. The moving disk plates are L-shaped while the adjustment disk is ring-shaped. The moving disk and the ring, when in assembly, are connected to the fertiliser bin via their inner part with a limiting strap positioned along the ring inner radius mounted on the bin.

EFFECT: invention enables seeding rate adjustment and fertiliser application efficiency improvement.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for metered application of fertilizers.

A tool for introducing bulk materials into the soil is known, including a frame with running wheels on which a metering device in the form of a drum is freely mounted on an axis. Holes are made in the rim of the drum with pivotally mounted spring-loaded buckets-dumpers having stops. A disk with a bracket and a roller is mounted on the drum axis, which interacts with the stops of the dumping buckets [SU 1014496 A1, 3 A01C 7/14, A01C 15/16, 08/13/1981. Tool for applying bulk materials to the soil]. The proposed device does not provide for regulation of the seeding rate of the introduced material, in addition, it is difficult to manufacture.

Known fertilizer apparatus comprising a housing, a hopper, a lid, a bottom supported by a pin, a seed element in the form of a disk with horizontal pins. The sowing disk is mounted on the shaft with a pin and is installed between two rotatable cams, cups, kinematically connected to the lever. To prevent the rash of fat, a visor is installed. The working surface of the cam-cups is made on a logarithmic spiral. When the metering element rotates, the pins through the locking channel enter the hopper cavity in its lower part, penetrate the seed, carry it through the tapering seed channel through the exhaust channel. The seeding rate of the tuks can be controlled by changing the area of the passage section of the exhaust window, turning the cams with the lever and changing the speed of the sowing element [SU 1510749 A1, 4 A01C 7/12, A01C 15/16, 01/22/1988. Fertilizer sowing apparatus]. The disadvantage of this device is that the seed is introduced in the form of a continuous tape, and not in the form of foci.

Known fertilizer apparatus, consisting of a hopper, sowing window, shutter, rotor with blades, washers, a truncated passive drum with an axis installed in the cavity of the rotor. A rotor with a passive drum is placed in the housing. In advance, by moving the shutter, the working volume of the coil (rotor with blades and washers) is regulated, fertilizer from the hopper enters the rotor and fills the volume formed by the blades, washers, the outer surface of the drum, and the cylindrical wall of the housing. Since a minimum gap is left between the rotor and the drum surface, as well as between the rotor and the housing, self-pouring out of the material is prevented and a metered portion of the material is transported to the sowing window. Washers installed across the blades at a certain distance from each other, regardless of the size of the opening of the shutter window, make it possible to limit the fertilizer filling area along the rotor grip width and to ensure the set seed rate [SU 1496670 A1, 4 A01C 7/12, 05/08/1987. Fertilizer sowing apparatus]. However, this device does not provide focal seeding of fertilizers.

A device for applying fertilizer to the soil is known, in which the working body for applying fertilizer to the soil is made in the form of a flat disk with trapezoidal teeth. The disk is equipped with direct fertilizer transporting trays, directed against the direction of rotation of the disk, and the reflectors of the tuks at the place where the particles from the trays. Tukotransporting trays are installed at an angle of no more than 90 ° to the radial direction in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation, and in cross section have a groove-like shape of a truncated circular ring. The gutter-shaped side is turned in the direction opposite to the rotation. Reflectors are flat and mounted on the disk with the possibility of angular movement. The acquisition of absolute speed by the tuks during the technological process allows them to gain a foothold in the soil behind the disk organ, thereby creating a continuous vertical screen of fertilizers [RU 2204231 C2, 7 A01C 7/06, A01B 49/06, 13.03.2001. Fertilizer Spreader]. The device in question does not allow you to adjust the fertilizer application rate, moreover, the fertilizer is applied with a continuous tape, which leads to an excessive consumption of the introduced material.

More promising is a multi-layer focal fertilizer application. It provides an intensive supply of nutrients from fertilizers during the entire vegetation of plants, which leads to a noticeable increase in the effectiveness of this technique not only before scattering, but also before local fertilizer application in one layer.

Fertilizers are placed in the form of foci oriented with respect to the seeds of row crops and representing two or more portions located one below the other at different levels in depth.

To accomplish this task, a coulter was developed (see FIGS. 1, 2), the main elements of which are a movable disk (see FIG. 3) and a ring (see FIG. 4) with structural elements that create adjustable cells for fertilizer portions.

The fertilizer cell is made in the form of a prism, the volume of which depends on the position of the L-shaped plate fixed on the movable disk, relative to the L-shaped plate located on the ring. This position is changed when the movable disk is rotated relative to the ring. Thus, regulating the volume of the cell, you can change the dose of mineral fertilizers.

The coulter includes a slotting device 1, mounted on the rack 2 with a screw 3, two panels 4 are attached to the slotting device 1, a sleeve 6 is connected between the shields on the axis 5 attached to the rack 2, connected to the kinematic transmission. With the sleeve 6 is rigidly connected to the movable disk 7.

The ring 8 is rotatable relative to the axis of the movable disk 7. The movable disk 7 and the ring 8 assembly are connected by their inner part to the fertilizer hopper 9. L-shaped plates 10 are located around the circumference of the movable disk 7. Along the outer part of the ring 8 are rigidly attached L-shaped plates 11 in such a way that over the separator plates 12 assembled with L-shaped plates 10 and with the planes of the movable disk 7, and the ring 8, the walls of rectangular cells 13 for fertilizers are formed (see Figs. 1, 2). The outer surface of the movable disk 7 and the ring 8 assembly is closed by a casing 14, except for the lower part. On the movable disk 7 there are two dose indicators 15 with nuts 16, and on the windows of the ring 8 the interval of doses of fertilizers is indicated. On the inner radius of the ring 8 is a restrictive strip 17, rigidly attached to the fertilizer hopper 9.

The kinematic transmission consists of a drive chain connected through a transmission to a drive wheel (not shown) and an asterisk 18, rigidly connected to the sleeve 6, on which the washer 19 and nut 20 are located.

The proposed opener works as follows. When moving in the soil, a slit former 1 makes a furrow in it. By means of shields 4 attached to the slot former 1, the soil is prevented from falling asleep. The drive wheel of the seeder (not shown) through the kinematic transmission and the sprocket 18 rotate the sleeve 6 mounted on the axis 5. The sleeve 6 transmits torque through the movable disk 7 to the ring 8.

The cell is loaded with fertilizers through the inner part of the movable disk 7 assembled with the ring 8. The restrictive strip 17, rigidly connected to the fertilizer hopper, forms a fixed cell volume 13.

When the disk is rotated, fertilizers enter the separator plates 12 (see FIG. 2), where they are divided into three streams: the first leaves the separator plate and is fixed with soil at the upper level, the second at the middle, and the third enters the bottom of the furrow. During rotation, the movable disk 7 and the ring 8 provide the dosage and application of mineral fertilizers in the form of foci, which are portions located in three levels in one vertical plane.

The volume of the cells 13 is regulated by turning the L-shaped plates 11 relative to the plates of the L-shaped form 10, having previously unscrewed the nuts 16.

The proposed device for applying mineral fertilizers in the form of foci placed at three levels will allow plants to use them throughout the entire vegetation period of the plants, which will increase the yield increase.

Information sources

1.SU 1014496 A1, 3 A01C 7/14, 3 A01C 15/16, 08/13/1981. A tool for applying bulk materials to the soil. A.I. Nuzhdov, N.I. Kornienko, V.I. Murrashenko.

2. SU 1510749 A1, 4 A01C 7/12, A01C 15/16, 01/22/1988. Fertilizer metering device. P.V.Sysolin, A.P. Muntyan, V.M. Khrolikov and V.I. Sham.

3. SU 1496670 A1, 4 A01C 7/12, 05/08/1987. Fertilizer metering device. A.Zh. Aghajanyan, S.V. Pogosbekyan, A.A. Tonikyan.

4. RU 2204231 C2, 7 A01C 7/06, A01B 49/06, 03/13/2001. A device for fertilizing the soil. R.N. Bulatov, H.S. Gainanov, E.N. Fattakhov.

Claims (1)

A coulter for focal multi-level fertilizer application, including a fertilizer hopper, a slitter, with two shields attached to it, having a separator plate, between which on the axis attached to the rack there is a sleeve connected to the kinematic transmission, on which a movable disk and an adjusting disk are mounted the disk, and around the circumference of the movable disk and on the outside of the adjusting disk are fixed plates so that the L-shaped plates of the adjusting disk assembly with the plates the movable disk and with the planes of the disks form the walls of rectangular cells for fertilizers with the possibility of regulating the volume of the cells, and the outer surface of the disks is covered by a casing, characterized in that the plates of the movable disk are made L-shaped, and the adjusting disk has the shape of a ring, and the movable disk and ring the assembly is connected by its inner part to the fertilizer hopper, on which a restrictive strip located along the inner radius of the ring is rigidly fixed.

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