RU2328110C2 - Milking apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: milking apparatus includes milking glasses with regulators sub-atmospheric pressure in the inter-wall chamber, a collector, a pulsator executed in the form of two power chambers, rigidly fixed among themselves and each of which is executed in the form of the pneumatic chambers divided by flexible membranes and hydraulic chambers connected among themselves by a calibrated tube, the sensor of a milk flow with a regulator of sub-atmospheric pressure in under-mammillar chamber of a milking glass and the control unit. The chamber of regulator control of sub-atmospheric pressure in under-mammillar chamber of a milking glass of the milk flow sensor is connected by the calibrated channels with vacuum hose and with air, and, the air calibrated channel is supplied by the electro-valve operated by the control unit.

EFFECT: efficiency upgrading of a mechanical milking of cows.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for the mechanization of animal husbandry, and can be used for milking cows.

Known pulsator milking installations SU 1793857 A3, A01J 5/16, 1993.02.07, containing a pair of membranes connected to each other by a movable bar, which are located in sealed boxes and divide their cavities into damping and working chambers. The damping chamber of one box communicates with the same chamber of the other box bypass pipe having a throttle passage. The regulation of the operating mode of the milking cups is provided by a disk spool, switching pulsator beats.

However, this device does not provide increased efficiency of machine milking.

Closest to the invention is a milking machine RU 2193305 C2, A01J 5/00, 2002.11.27, which contains single-chamber milking cups, a collector with a vacuum limiter and a pulsator made in the form of two power chambers, rigidly fastened to each other, each of which is made form, separated by a flexible membrane, hydraulic and pneumatic parts, and the hydraulic part is filled with a viscous fluid. Both cameras are interconnected by a tube with a calibrated hole. However, this milking machine also does not provide an increase in the efficiency of machine milking.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of machine milking of cows.

To achieve this, the control chamber of the vacuum gauge pressure regulator in the suction cup of the milking cup of the milk flow sensor is connected with calibrated channels to the vacuum pipe and to the atmosphere, moreover, the calibrated air channel is equipped with an electrovalve controlled by the control unit; the hydraulic chambers and the pulsator tube are filled with a viscous fluid with magnetically controlled physical and mechanical properties, and a solenoid electrically connected to the control unit is installed coaxially to the tube; the air flow commutator is made in the form of a core with a constant vacuum pressure channel in communication with a vacuum pipe and variable vacuum pressure channels connected by a manifold to a two-chamber distribution chamber, as well as a slider configured to move along the core in the transverse direction relative to the channels with a calibrated tube, , the channels of variable vacuum pressure are made on different sides of the channel of constant vacuum pressure and under angle to it, and to move the slider along the channels of constant and variable vacuum pressure, the slider is connected by a traction to an electromagnet electrically connected to the control unit.

The invention will be understood from the following description and the attached drawings.

Figure 1 shows a milking machine, a General view; figure 2 - switch air flow, General view; figure 3 - layout of the air channels of the switch air flow; figure 4 is a cross section of the air channels of the air flow switch.

The milking machine (Fig. 1) consists of a milking cup 1 with a vacuum gauge 2 in the inter-wall chamber 3 of the milking cup 1, a collector 4, a pulsator 5, a milk flow sensor 6 with a vacuum gauge 7 in the suction cup 8 of the milking cup 1 and the control unit 8. The vacuum pressure regulator 2 is made in the form of a control chamber 10 separated by a flexible membrane 9, a nozzle 11 in communication with the suction cup 8 of the milking cup 1, and a variable vacuum chamber 12, the nozzle 13 is informed oh with a two-chamber distribution chamber 14 of the collector 4, the chambers of which, in turn, with nozzles 15 and 16 are in communication with the air flow switch 17 of the pulsator 5. The vacuum pressure regulator 7 in the suction cup 8 of the milking cup 1 of the milk flow sensor 6 is made in the form of a separated by a flexible membrane 18 chambers of variable vacuum gauge pressure 19, pipe 20 in communication with manifold 4, and control chamber 21, calibrated channel 22 in communication with vacuum pipe 23, and air calibrated channel 24 - with the atmosphere. Moreover, the calibrated air channel 24 is equipped with an electrovalve 25 controlled by the control unit 8. The milk flow sensor 6 contains a movably mounted overflow tube 26 forming a calibrated slot 27 with the bottom of the milk reception chamber 28 of the sensor 6, and a coaxially mounted float 29 with a magnet 30 interacting with the reed switch 31 at the lower position of the float 29 in the milk receiving chamber 28. Reed switch 31 is electrically connected to the control unit 8. A pipe 32 milk receiving chamber 28 of the sensor 6 of the milk flow is connected to the milk pipe 33 to collect m Loka. The pulsator 5 is made in the form of two power chambers 34 and 35, rigidly fastened to each other and each of which is made in the form of pneumatic chambers 38 and 39 separated by flexible membranes 36 and 37 and communicating with each other by a calibrated tube 40 of the hydraulic chambers 41 and 42, the hydraulic chambers 41 and 42 and a calibrated tube 40 are filled with a viscous fluid with magnetically controlled physical and mechanical properties, and a solenoid 43 electrically connected to the control unit 8 is installed coaxially to the tube 40. The air flow switch 17 (FIG. 2) is made in the form e frame 44 with a channel 45 of constant vacuum pressure (Fig. 3) in communication with a vacuum pipe 23 (Fig. 1), and channels 46 and 47 of a variable vacuum pressure (Fig. 2), nozzles 15 and 16 connected to a two-chamber distribution chamber 14 (figure 1) of the collector 4, as well as the slider 48 (figure 2, 3), made with the possibility of movement along the frame 44 in the transverse direction relative to the channels 45, 46 and 47 with a calibrated tube 40 (figure 2, 4). Moreover, the channels 46 and 47 of variable vacuum pressure are made on opposite sides of the channel 45 and at an angle to it (Fig. 2), and to move the slider 48 along the channels of constant and variable vacuum pressure 45, 46 and 47, the slider 48 is connected to a rod 49 with an electromagnet 50 (figure 2, 3), electrically connected to the control unit 8 (figure 1).

The milking machine operates as follows.

In the initial position, the solenoid 43, the electrovalve 25 and the electromagnet 50 are de-energized, the electrovalve 25 is closed, and the float 29 is in the lower position and the magnetic field of the magnet 30 interacts with the reed switch 31. When connecting the milking machine to the vacuum pipe 23, the milk pipe 33 and the electric energy source (on not shown) the signal from the control unit 8 provides the opening of the electrovalve 25, thereby communicating the control chamber 21 of the gauge of pressure 7 air calibrated channel 24 with the atmosphere. At the same time, a vacuum gauge is distributed into the control chamber 21 from the vacuum pipe 23 by the calibrated channel 22. As a result, a reduced (stimulating) vacuum pressure is established in the control chamber 21. At the same time, from the milk line 33, the vacuum pressure through the pipe 32 enters the milk reception chamber 28 of the sensor 6 of the milk flow and then, limited by the flexible membrane 18, into the chamber of the variable vacuum pressure 19 of the regulator 7, from where the reduced (stimulating) vacuum pressure through the pipe 20 comes into the collector 4 and further into the suction cup 8 of the milking cup 1, simultaneously extending along the nozzle 11 into the control chamber 10 of the vacuum gauge regulator 2 of the milking cup 1 and thereby limiting with a flexible membrane 9, the vacuum pressure in the inter-wall chamber 3 of the milking cup 1, coming from the chamber of variable vacuum pressure 12 of the vacuum pressure regulator 2, pipe 13 connected to the two-chamber distribution chamber 14 of the collector 4 and then through the pipes 15 and 16 and the air flow switch 17 of the pulsator 5 (figure 2, 3, 4) with a vacuum conduit 23. In this case, the successive alternation of atmospheric and vacuum pressure in the pneumatic chambers 38 and 39 of the power chambers 34 and 35 of the pulsator 5 (figure 1) causes a program b flexible membranes 36 and 37 and the reciprocating movement of the calibrated tube 40 with the simultaneous flow between the hydraulic chambers 41 and 42 along the calibrated tube 40 of a viscous fluid with magnetically controlled physical and mechanical properties. The movement of the calibrated tube 40 provides reciprocating movement along the core 44 in the transverse direction relative to the channels 45, 46 and 47 of the slider 48, the serial communication of which the channels 46 and 47 of variable vacuum pressure with the channel 45 of constant vacuum pressure or the atmosphere leads to pressure fluctuations in the interwall chamber 3 milking cups 1. The milking machine is installed on the udder of the cow and milking is carried out in a stimulating mode. When the milk flow rate is below 50 ml / min, it flows through the calibrated slot 27 formed by the overflow tube 26 and the bottom of the milk reception chamber 28 through the pipe 32 into the milk line 33. With an increase in the flow, milk accumulates in the milk reception chamber 28 of the milk flow sensor 6 and the float 29, floating up, removes the magnet 30 from the reed switch 31, thereby eliminating their interaction. As a result of the signal of the reed switch 31, the control unit 8 issues a command to close the solenoid valve 25, de-energizing it, and at the same time connects the solenoid 43 and the electromagnet 50 of the pulsator 5 to a power source. Moreover, in the control chamber 21 of the vacuum gauge regulator 7 of the milk flow sensor 6, the vacuum gauge pressure increases to the nominal value, which leads to an increase in the vacuum gauge in the suction cup 8 of the milking cup 1, the control chamber 10 of the vacuum gauge regulator 2, and therefore in the inter-chamber chamber 3 . Simultaneously, the magnetic field of the solenoid 43, acting on the fluid filling the hydraulic chambers 41 and 42 of the pulsator 5, changes its physical and mechanical properties, thereby changing the pulsation frequency p the pulsator 5, and the electromagnet 50, moving rod 49 slider 48 along the channels 45, 46 and 47 of constant and variable vacuum pressure (Fig.2, 3, 4), provides a change in the ratio of ticks. So provide milking in nominal mode. With a decrease in the intensity of milk flow, there is a reverse switch to milking in a stimulating mode.

The use of a milking machine with a controlled milking mode, depending on the intensity of the milk flow, provides an increase in milk productivity by 2-3% and a 2-fold reduction in the incidence of mastitis in cows.

Information sources

SU 1793857 A3, A01J 5/16, 1993.02.07

RU 2193305 C2, A01J 5/00, 2002.11.27

Claims (3)

1. Milking machine, including milking cups with vacuum pressure regulators in the inter-wall chamber, a collector, a pulsator made in the form of two power chambers, rigidly fastened to each other and each of which is made in the form of pneumatic chambers separated by flexible membranes and communicating with each other by a calibrated hydraulic tube cameras, a milk flow sensor with a vacuum gauge in the suction cup of the teat cup and a control unit, characterized in that the control chamber of the regulator in the accumulated pressure in the suction cup of the milking cup of the milk flow sensor with calibrated channels is in communication with the vacuum pipe and with the atmosphere, and the calibrated air channel is equipped with an electrovalve controlled by the control unit. 2. The milking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic chambers and the pulsator tube are filled with a viscous fluid with magnetically controlled physicomechanical properties, and a solenoid electrically connected to the control unit is installed coaxially to the tube. 3. The milking machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the air flow switch therein is made in the form of a core with a constant vacuum pressure channel in communication with the vacuum pipe and variable vacuum pressure channels, nozzles connected to the two-chamber distribution chamber of the collector, as well as a slider made with the possibility of moving along the core in the transverse direction relative to the channels with a calibrated tube, and the channels of variable vacuum pressure are made on different sides from of constant vacuum gauge pressure and at an angle to it, and to move the slider along the channels of constant and variable vacuum gauge, the slider is connected by a rod to an electromagnet electrically connected to the control unit.

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