RU2322044C1 - Collapsible portable covering-isolator for plant protection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: collapsible portable covering-isolator has carcass consisting of composite transverse frames including end and intermediate frames, ridge and longitudinal bars disposed between frames. Carcass has door frame in its end. Protective covering is fixed to carcass members. Curtain adapted for closing of covering entrance is made from material similar to that of protective covering. Upper part of transverse frame is made in the form of curved girder with lower horizontal belt. Guiding pins are rigidly fixed to girder ends in vertical plane. Lower part of transverse frame comprises two hollow columns within which guiding pins of girder are inserted from the top. Brackets with openings are rigidly fixed on pins at different levels in horizontal planes along column length. Each of supports is made in the form of cross-piece disposed in horizontal plane. Rod is attached to cross-piece from its underside, and guiding pin is inserted from the top, said rod being driven into ground and guiding pin being inserted into column from the bottom. Frames connecting bars are formed similar and equipped at their ends with pins-fingers disposed in bracket openings.

EFFECT: simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation of covering.

23 cl, 18 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the field of selection upon receipt of sterile analogues of agricultural crops, including high-stemmed ones, for example, sunflower.

Known collapsible shelters for growing plants in sheltered soil, including frameworks of components, reinforcing elements and transparent coatings.

A disadvantage of the known shelters is that they cannot provide reliable isolation of plants from representatives of the entomofauna and often have either a complex structure, or are laborious to assemble and disassemble, or are fragile and do not provide for their multiple dismantling and transfer.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a prefabricated portable film shelter according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2042316, A01G 9/14, publ. 08/27/1995, bull. No. 24 (prototype). The known shelter comprises a steel or plastic or wooden frame mounted on supports, made of composite transverse (end and intermediate) frames, ridge, longitudinal and spacer bars installed between the frames, and having a door frame at the end, on which a door is installed on the hinges, as well as a film protective coating placed on the frame elements and attached to it, the size of which allows its lower edges to be pressed to the ground around the entire perimeter of the shelter using weights (stones, kir pechich) and which has a vertical canopy made from the end of the frame equipped with a door frame made of the same material as the protective coating that closes the entrance to the shelter due to the fact that the strips of the protective film overlap one another over a considerable area. The lower edge of the film is fixed on reels placed above the ground. In this case, the transverse frames are made of separate bars: building and wall. Sockets are made in the bars, and centering-guide rods are fixed on the transverse frames, which can be either open or closed. The longitudinal bars are installed between the frames with a guaranteed gap and rest with their edges on the brackets, which are cantilevered on the transverse frames. To connect the frame elements with each other overlapping the shelter is equipped with toothed washers placed between them with a central hole. The teeth of these washers are bent at right angles to opposite sides relative to the plane of the washers. The frame elements are connected by fasteners. The connection of the elements of the frame can be performed without washers by making the mating surfaces of these elements toothed. In this case, options are possible: the teeth belong to one element, and only holes are made in the other element, or the teeth alternating with the holes, and belong to one element as well as another, and are fastened by bending the teeth without the use of fasteners. Frame elements can be connected by means of screws and nails. Brackets with holes for fixing centering rods are fixed on the spacer bars. Brackets are mounted to the beam with rivets. Threaded holes can be made in the brackets, in which centering-guide clamping screws with washers are placed. Instead of brackets, rods can be installed between which the overlay is placed. Frames can be connected with a bracket with a cover plate and fasteners. The shelter is equipped with a clamping device, which is intended for assembly with a given force of the frame elements.

In addition, under the film coating and on top of it are strings passing through openings made in the bobbin case. The strings can be made of fishing line, twine or braid. Wooden frames are assembled on a marked plate or in an assembly jig: bolts or centering guide rods are installed in the holes of the gear washers and in the coaxially placed holes in the frames, then these nodes are compressed using a bolt joint in an impact way or using clamps, while the teeth of the washers are embedded into the body of the collected elements. After that, the assembled nodes are fastened with bolted joints, or with screws, or nails. Then the bolts and rods are removed from the holes, and the frames arrive at the assembly. Holes are made in the ground. They install frames. After that, starting from one of the end frames, guide rods, ridge and spacer bars are sequentially installed, then strings are passed through the holes of the frames, which are attached to the end frame on one side, and a special loop, for example, from a fishing line, is passed into the loop of the opposite side which is threaded through an opening in the end frame. With the help of this loop, the string is stretched, its loop through the hole is displayed on the surface of the end frame and a cross member is inserted into it. Then the loop decreases. The gap between the frames and the spacer bar becomes equal to “o”, while the ridge bar can have a landing from “o” to a certain gap. On the ridge beam with a given step, the elements of the device for attaching the film to the frame are attached. With further assemblies and dismantling of the greenhouse, these elements remain as part of the ridge bars. Next, the film is attached to the bobbins, and its opposite (film) edges - to the ridge beam (using quick-release clamps). After that, the longitudinal bars are put in place, and the pits in which the frames are installed are filled with soil, which is then rammed.

The disadvantage of the prototype is primarily the complexity of the system of connecting the frame elements between each other both in manufacturing and in the assembly-disassembly, as well as the insufficient strength of the shelter, the great complexity and the duration of its assembly-disassembly.

The objective of the invention is to create a simple and durable design of the shelter-insulator, allowing its multiple and quick transfer from one place to another, simplifying the manufacture of shelter elements and its installation and dismantling, as well as providing reliable protection against the entry of representatives of the entomofauna into the shelter during experiments with plants .

The purpose of the invention is to use the "telescopic" type of connection and the type of "nesting with transverse and longitudinal fixation" for quick and durable connection of frame elements with each other, and to increase the reliability of protecting the shelter from the penetration of insect pollinators inside it when a person enters the canopy there create a lockable vestibule.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design and increase the reliability of the shelter.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known shelter for plant protection, containing mounted on the supports entering the soil, a metal frame made of composite transverse frames - end and intermediate, ridge and longitudinal bars installed between the frames, and having a door frame at the end placed on the elements of the frame and mounted on it a protective coating, the size of which allows you to press its lower edges to the ground around the entire perimeter of the shelter with the help of weights and which has from the end of the frame, equipped door frame, canopy for closing the entrance to the shelter, made of a material similar to a protective coating, according to the invention, each transverse frame consists of two parts: the upper, made in the form of a curved truss with a lower horizontal belt, at the ends of which guides are rigidly fixed in the vertical plane down pins, and in the horizontal plane at the ends of the truss and at its ridge point, brackets are fixed in the form of nests with holes, the axes of which are parallel to the vertical planes, and the bottom, made in the form of two hollow racks, in which the guide pins of the truss are placed on top and on which brackets with holes are rigidly fixed at different levels along the length of the rack in horizontal planes, similar to the brackets on the trusses, each of which is made in the form of a cross located in the horizontal plane, to which a rod that enters the ground, sharpened from the free end, is rigidly attached to the bottom, and a guide pin that enters the rack from below, the bars connecting the frames are made identical and provided on the end with pins-fingers placed in the holes of the brackets, which are equipped with trusses and frame racks, and the protective coating is made of a mesh with a hole size that prevents the penetration of insect pollinators into the shelter and provides the necessary ventilation, and from the inside is equipped with fastening elements to the frame, this canopy has a cut with a fastener and on the inside there is a lining tightly attached along the contour of the door frame, the area of which exceeds the area of the frame and in which the cut with a fastener is made. The farm can be made of a square profile pipe. The guide pins of the truss can be made of segments of the profile pipe with a cross section similar to that of the truss pipe. The support cross may be made of pipe sections similar to the truss pipe, which are fixed to each other at right angles. The guide pins of the supports can be made similar to the guide pins of the trusses. The rod attached to the bottom of the support can be made of round timber. The racks of the frames can be made of segments of a profile pipe of square cross section with a section size exceeding the cross section of the pipe from which the guide pins of trusses and supports are made. The racks of the door frame can be made of segments of the profile pipe with a section similar to the racks of the frames, and in them are located on top of the guide pins mounted on the lower horizontal zone of the end truss. The bars can be made of pipe sections similar to a truss pipe. The finger pins mounted on the ends of the bars can be made of round timber with a cross-sectional diameter smaller than that of the support rods. Brackets mounted on trusses and frame racks can be made of segments of a square shaped profile pipe, the upper wall of which is cut to form a channel-shaped guide and the cross-sectional size of which exceeds the size of the transverse pipe from which the bars are made, for example, the cross-sections of these pipes are: 30 × 30 × 1.5 mm and 35 × 35 × 1.5 mm, respectively. Brackets on end trusses can be installed on one side of the truss plane - inside the shelter. Brackets on intermediate trusses can be installed on both sides of the truss plane coaxially to each other. The brackets on the racks of the end frames can be installed at each level at right angles to each other so that one of them is directed towards the intermediate frame, and the other - towards the vertical axis of the end frame. The brackets on the racks of the intermediate frames can be installed at each level coaxially to each other and directed in opposite directions from the plane of the intermediate frame. The racks of the door frame can be equipped with brackets installed at different levels along the length of the rack in horizontal planes and directed towards the nearest rack of the end frame. The protective coating can be made of fabric made of polyamide and polyester monofilaments with a hole size of not more than 220 microns. The fastening elements of the protective coating to the frame can be made in the form of ribbons attached with a given step to the inner surface of the coating along lines parallel to the curved parts of the trusses, racks, bars of the frame. The cut in the canopy can be made such that its lines are parallel to at least two intersecting sides of the door frame. The cut in the canopy can be equipped with a Velcro fastener. The lining of the canopy can be made of a lighter and softer material than the canopy, for example from light silk fabric. The cut in the lining of the canopy can be made vertical and parallel to the center line of the door frame, and its lower boundary is located above the lower boundary of the lining to the canopy, with the formation of the threshold. The cut in the lining of the canopy can be equipped with a zipper.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed collapsible-portable shelter-insulator differs from the known form of the elements, the form of communication between the elements, as well as the material from which the device element is made. So, in the claimed technical solution, each transverse frame consists of two parts: the upper, made in the form of a curved truss with a lower horizontal belt, at the ends of which the guide pins are rigidly fixed in the vertical plane down, and in the horizontal plane at the same ends of the truss and in it ridge point cantilevered brackets in the form of nests with holes, the axes of which are parallel to the vertical planes, and the bottom, made in the form of two hollow racks (in the prototype, each transverse frame is made of separate timber in - building and the wall, in the bars made the nest, and cross frames - bars). In addition, in the prototype, the canopy at the end of the frame closes the entrance to the shelter due to the fact that the strips of the protective film overlap one another over a considerable area, and in the claimed technical solution, the canopy has a cut that closes to the fastener and is tightly attached along the contour of the door frame to the canopy a lining, the area of which is larger than the area of the frame and in which a section is also closed for fastening. And another difference: in the prototype, the protective coating is made of film, and in the claimed technical solution it is made of a mesh with a hole size that provides the necessary ventilation and prevents insect pollinators from penetrating into the shelter. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability NOVELTY.

Studying the level of technology in the process of conducting a patent search for all types of information publicly available in the press, we did not identify technical solutions that have the claimed combination of distinctive features from the prototype. We came to the claimed combination of features of the device after the repeated manufacture of prototype shelter samples and its use in experimental plots when creating clean sunflower lines, each time improving the frame elements and the scheme of their connection with each other, until we got a simple and strong design that provides quick installation and dismantling and long service life without breakdowns. Therefore, we can conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability. INVENTIVE LEVEL. The claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY, because it can be used in the field of agriculture - in breeding, for example, sunflower. And in addition, the description of the invention provides a means by which it is possible to implement a technical solution in the form as described in the independent claim.

Figure 1 shows the frame of a collapsible-portable shelter-insulator for the protection of plants, general view in perspective; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1; figure 4 is a view of G in figure 1; figure 5 is a view along arrow B in figure 1; figure 6 is a section DD in figure 1; Fig.7 is a view of E in Fig.1; in Fig.8 is a view of G in Fig.1; figure 9 is a section ZZ in figure 1; figure 10 is a section II in figure 1.

The shelter contains a frame 1 made of end 2 and intermediate 3 transverse frames, ridge 4 and longitudinal 5 bars. At the end of the frame there is a door frame 6, each transverse frame consists of two parts: the upper one, made in the form of a curved truss 7 with a lower horizontal belt 8, equipped with guide pins 9 at its ends (6), fixed in a vertical plane downwards, and lower, made in the form of two hollow racks 10, into which the guide pins of the truss 9 enter from above (Fig.6). The brackets 11 (FIGS. 4, 5, 7) in the form of sockets with holes, the axes of which are parallel to the vertical planes, are rigidly fixed cantileverly to the racks of the transverse frames cantilevered at different levels along the length of the rack in horizontal planes. Each farm is equipped with the same brackets at its ends (Fig. 10) and at the ridge point (Fig. 2). Between the transverse frames are ridge 4 and longitudinal 5 bars, which are made the same and are equipped at the ends with pins-fingers 12 included in the holes of the brackets 11 (2, 3, 9).

The frame is mounted on supports, each of which is made in the form of a crosspiece 13 located on a horizontal plane, to which a rod 14, which is pointed from the free end, which is embedded in the ground, is rigidly attached to the bottom, and a guide pin 15, which is included in the rack 9 of the transverse frame, is lower from the top (Fig. .8). A protective coating 16 is placed on the frame, made of a mesh with a hole size that provides the necessary ventilation and prevents the penetration of insect pollinators into the shelter, and is equipped on the inside with elements for attaching it to the frame. The shelter has from the end provided with a door frame 6, a canopy 17 of the same material as the protective coating, having a cut that closes to the clasp. A lining is tightly attached along the contour of the door frame from the inside to the canopy, the area of which is larger than the area of the door frame and in which a section closed by a fastener is also made.

EXAMPLE (see FIGS. 11-18).

A Dismountable-Portable Shelter-INSULATOR was made for the protection of sunflower PLANTS with a size of 5000 × 30000 × 2250 mm. The shelter frame contained 13 transverse frames (2 - end and 11 - intermediate), 2 pillars of the door frame, 28 supports, 92 boards (12 - ridge, 72 - intermediate and 8 - end). The frame was made of metal - from steel of the St3 grade: trusses, guide truss pins, support crosses, guide pins attached to the crosses of the supports from above, bars - from sections of a square profile pipe with a cross-sectional size of 30 × 30 × 1.5 mm, and racks cross frames, door frame racks and brackets - from a pipe with a cross-sectional size of 35 × 35 × 1.5 mm.

The rods attached to the crosses of the supports from below were made of round timber ⌀ 22 mm, 300 mm long, and the pin pins fixed on the ends of the bars were made from round timber ⌀ 8 mm, 50 mm long. The length of the pipe segments for the guide pins of the trusses, the guide pins of the supports, for the bars, crosses, racks of the transverse frames and brackets was taken equal to 50 mm, 50 mm, 250 mm, 550 mm, 2000 mm and 50 mm, respectively. A hole in the bottom wall of each bracket was made ⌀ 9 mm. Brackets on the end trusses were installed on one side of the truss plane — inside the shelter (FIGS. 2, 10), and on intermediate trusses — on both sides of the truss plane — coaxially to each other (FIG. 3). The brackets on the racks of the end frames were installed at each level along the length of the rack at right angles to each other so that one of them was directed towards the intermediate frame, and the other towards the vertical axis of the end frame (Fig. 9), and on the racks the intermediate frames, the brackets were installed at each level along the length of the rack coaxially to each other and directed in opposite directions from the plane of the frame (Fig. 4), on the racks of the same door frame - towards the nearest rack of the end frame (Fig. 7). The protective coating was made (sewn) of fabric for sieves of polyamide and polyester monofilaments, ARTICLE 35 with a nominal opening size of 219 microns. On the inside, ribbons were sewn to the grid along lines parallel to the frame elements with a step equal to 500 mm. The cut in the canopy was made such that its lines were parallel to two intersecting sides of the door frame (right and lower sides), and was equipped with a Velcro fastener. The lining on the inner side of the canopy was made of a lighter and softer material than the canopy - from light silk fabric, and the cut in the lining was made vertically parallel to the center line of the door frame, with its lower border being located above the lower border of the canopy lining 100 mm and was equipped with a zipper. In this case, the curved parts of the trusses were made on a machine with mechanical movement of the bending roll, the racks of the transverse frames and bars on a metal cutting machine, the pin fingers for subsequent fixing them on the bars on a lathe, on the pipe sections for brackets the upper wall was cut off on a milling machine, holes in the brackets were made on a drilling machine. All rigid connections (guide pins - with the ends of the trusses; two guide pins for the door frame - with the lower horizontal belt of the end truss; guide pins - with the crosses of the supports; pins-fingers - with the bars; brackets - with the ends of the trusses, with the ridge tops of the trusses, with the uprights of the frames; the rods entering the soil, with the crosses of the supports) were made by welding.

Assembly of the frame was carried out as follows. Previously, preliminary marking on the terrain (on the field) of conventional points for shelter supports was carried out. For this, a stencil was made of rope with a diameter of 5 mm. Further, the supports were driven into the ground at these points. Then they connected the trusses with racks, installed the trusses with racks (transverse frames) and connected them with bars. A crosslinked protective coating was pulled onto the assembled frame, and from the inside, it was tied to the frame elements with ribbons sewn to the coating with a step of 500 mm along lines parallel to the frame elements. When dismantling the shelter, the operations were carried out in the reverse order.

The implementation of each transverse frame of the composite frame (in the form of a curved truss, equipped with guide pins at the ends, and two hollow racks, into which the guide pins of the truss enter from above, as well as the construction of supports in the form of a cross, provided with a guide pin coming into the rack from below, is telescopic type of connection of elements and provides simplicity and speed of assembly of the transverse frame frames. Console mounting of brackets at the ends of the trusses, on their ridge tops, on the frame racks, as well as the implementation of bars with a pin With my fingers at the ends, simplicity and speed of assembly of the carcass as a whole is made.The design of the brackets in the form of nests with holes, the axes of which are parallel to the vertical planes, which include the pin-fingers of the bars, provides longitudinal, transverse, as well as vertical fixation of the bars of the frame connecting it transverse frames, that is, ensures the strength of the frame structure and the reliability and speed of its assembly and disassembly.The support crosses do not allow the latter to fall into the ground, the support rod provides reliable fastening e e in the ground, and its pointed end accelerates the clogging of supports even in dense soil. Performing a protective coating from a mesh with a hole size that prevents insect pollinators from entering the shelter and provides the necessary ventilation, provides reliable protection of flowering plants from representatives of the entomofauna that can bring foreign pollen.

The supply of the protective coating on its inner side with fastening elements to the frame provides simplicity and strength of attachment of the coating to the latter. And the supply of the canopy on its inner side with a lining with cuts that are closed on the fasteners both in the canopy and in the lining provides reliable protection of the shelter from the penetration of insect pollinators inside it during human entry.

So, the totality of the claimed features of the invention ensures the achievement of the goal and the solution of the task.

Claims (23)

1. A collapsible-portable shelter-insulator for plant protection, comprising a metal frame mounted on supports, entering the soil, made of composite transverse frames - end and intermediate, ridge and longitudinal bars installed between the frames, and having a door frame at the end, a protective coating placed on the frame elements and fixed on it, the size of which allows its lower edges to be pressed to the ground around the entire perimeter of the shelter with the help of weights and which has a canopy from the end of the frame equipped with a door frame I closing the entrance to the shelter, made of material similar to a protective coating, characterized in that each transverse frame consists of two parts: the upper, made in the form of a curved truss with a lower horizontal belt, at the ends of which guide pins are rigidly fixed in a vertical plane downwards, and in the horizontal plane, at the ends of the truss and at its ridge point, brackets are fixed in the form of nests with holes, the axes of which are parallel to the vertical planes, and the bottom, made in the form of two hollow racks in which the guide pins of the truss are placed on top and on which the brackets with holes are rigidly fixed at different levels along the length of the rack in horizontal planes with holes similar to the brackets on the trusses, each of which is made in the form of a cross located in the horizontal plane, to which it is rigidly attached to the bottom a rod that is pointed from the free end, which enters the ground, and from above - a guide pin that enters the rack from below, the bars connecting the frames are made the same and are equipped with pin-fingers at the ends, sized worn in the holes of the brackets, which are equipped with trusses and frame racks, and the protective coating is made of a mesh with a hole size that prevents insect pollinators from entering the shelter and provides the necessary ventilation, and is equipped with fastening elements to the frame from the inside, while the canopy has a cut with a fastener and from the inside, a lining is tightly attached along the contour of the door frame, the area of which exceeds the area of the frame and in which a section with a fastener is made. 2. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the truss is made of a profile pipe of square cross section. 3. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide pins of the truss are made of segments of the profile pipe with a cross section similar to that of the truss pipe. 4. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the crosspiece of the support is made of pipe sections similar to the truss pipe, which are fixed to each other at right angles. 5. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide pins of the supports are made similar to the guide pins of the trusses. 6. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod attached to the cross of the support from below is made of round timber. 7. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks of the frames are made of segments of a profile pipe of square cross section with a section size exceeding the cross section of the pipe from which the guide pins of trusses and supports are made. 8. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks of the door frame are made of segments of the profile pipe with a cross section similar to the racks of the frames, and in them there are guide pins mounted on the lower horizontal belt of the end truss. 9. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the bars are made of pipe sections similar to a truss pipe. 10. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the fingers-pins mounted on the ends of the bars are made of round timber with a cross-sectional diameter smaller than that of the support rods. 11. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets mounted on the trusses and racks of the frames are made of sections of a profile pipe of square section, the upper wall of which is cut to form a channel-shaped guide and the cross-sectional size of which exceeds the size of the transverse pipe from which bars, for example, sections of these pipes are 30 × 30 × 1.5 mm and 35 × 35 × 1.5 mm, respectively. 12. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets on the end trusses are installed on one side of the plane of the truss - inside the shelter. 13. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets on the intermediate trusses are installed on both sides of the truss plane aligned with each other. 14. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets on the uprights of the end frames are installed at each level at right angles to each other so that one of them is directed towards the intermediate frame, and the other towards the vertical axis of the end frame. 15. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets on the racks of the intermediate frames are installed at each level aligned with each other and directed in opposite directions from the plane of the intermediate frame. 16. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks of the door frame are equipped with brackets installed at different levels along the length of the rack in horizontal planes and directed towards the nearest rack of the end frame. 17. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective coating is made of fabric made of polyamide and polyester monofilaments with a hole size of not more than 220 microns. 18. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening elements of the protective coating to the frame are made in the form of ribbons attached with a given step to the inner surface of the coating along lines parallel to the curved parts of the trusses, racks, bars of the frame. 19. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut in the canopy is made such that its lines are parallel to at least two intersecting sides of the door frame. 20. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the incision in the canopy is equipped with a Velcro fastener. 21. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the canopy lining is made of a lighter and softer material than the canopy, for example from light silk fabric. 22. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut in the lining of the canopy is made vertical and is parallel to the center line of the door frame, and its lower border is located above the lower boundary of the lining to the canopy with the formation of the threshold. 23. Shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut in the lining of the canopy is equipped with a zipper fastener.

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