RU2313446C2 - Method of production of the edge-surfaced carving wood made out of the half log and the sawing machine for the method realization (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood-working industry; construction industry; other industries; methods and the devices for production of the carving wood.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the devices intended for reprocessing of the disbarked or unbarked half logs used for production of the edge-surfaced carving wood. The method includes the lengthwise milling cut of the external surface of the half log with formation of the pattern profile and its sawing for one pass of the half log. The shaped profile will is formed in the form of the stepwise pyramid with the rectangular terraces, which are maximally fit into the contour of the cross-section of the half log with creation of the basic cut surfaces for the sawing, and the lengthwise sawing is exercised by the horizontal saws. The sawing machine includes the stand, the gear of the longitudinal feeding of the half logs, the upper milling head with the horizontal location of the mandrel forming the shaped profile of the machined half logs, and the sawing device. At least, one milling head will create the shaped profile in the form of the stepwise pyramid with the rectangular) terraces and the basic surfaces, which are maximally fit into the contour of the cross-section of the half logs. At that the sawing machine is supplied with the stationary longitudinal and rotating guiding members disposed on the both sides of the sawing machine interacting with the basic surfaces. According to the second version the sawing machine is supplied with two vertical milling heads with the vertical location of the mandrels. The invention increases the output of the sawn timber and simplifies the sawing machine design.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the increased output of the sawn timber and simplification of the design of the sawing machine.

25 cl, 21 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method and equipment intended for the processing of barked or unbarked rags of sawmills, to obtain edged lumber.

A known method of processing slabs with longitudinal sawing by means of circular or band saws located in horizontal or vertical planes, used, for example, in circular sawing machines ZRN-51 and ZRN-450 from SILMET, in domestic LNG-1 and uh-500, or in band GLOBAL EDGE Saw Machine IDUSTRIAL HP-14.

A common disadvantage of this method and machines is that they produce either unedged lumber, which requires further trimming along the edges, or finished lumber, but with a reduced yield of commercial wood due to the irrational use of the peripheral part of the slab. In addition, with horizontal cutting of the croaker, the question arises of eliminating the transverse movement of the croaker due to the lack of bases for the raw croaker, while the upper part of the croaker goes into waste in the form of a segment that needs to be processed.

A known method of processing slabs by the method of longitudinal one-pass milling to produce unedged lumber and wood chips. The method is implemented using domestic milling and slabbing machines TsDF-150 and UFG-1.

The disadvantage of this method and machine tools is that the resulting edged lumber requires additional trimming along the edges. In addition, a fairly large part of the slab goes not into commercial wood, but into technological wood chips.

A known method and milling and sawing domestic UVP and foreign HEW SAW installation for longitudinal milling and sawing. The slab portion at these plants is milled into wood chips, and the remaining timber is sawn into lumber.

The disadvantage of the method and machines repeats the disadvantages of the previous analogues and lies in the fact that the resulting unedged lumber requires additional trimming along the edges. In addition, a fairly large part of the slab goes not into commercial wood, but into technological wood chips.

A known machine for processing unbarked croaker - patent RU No. 2234410. The machine consists of a bed, a conveyor, guides, a pressure roller, a cutting unit, which is made in the form of three identical cutting bodies from cylindrical disks of a limited diameter with thin band saws fixed on them and directed by teeth to the end face of the slab with the release of the saw blade above a disk equal to the size of the cut piece of the slab, and on the end surface of each cylindrical disk on the supply side of the slab there is a circular saw with a drive for transverse incision I am the peripheral part of croaker.

The disadvantage of the design is that a fairly large part of the slab goes not to commercial wood, but to waste.

A known method of processing slabs described in the description of the invention RU No. 2185280 "Method of processing logs". The method involves cylindering a log, sawing it into a square beam and four identical slabs. Each slab is milled on three sides, cut lengthwise into two “quarter” parts, and compensation grooves are cut on their inclined planes in the longitudinal direction.

The disadvantage of the technology is that, firstly, only one type of special nomenclature is designed for the manufacture of timber from it, and secondly, the manufacturing process is multi-operation and long, in which at least three machines are used to process the slab. In addition, the slab section was not used rationally for the production of industrial wood from it.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method of processing slab is given in the description of the invention "Low-waste and energy-saving technology MOEST-PILAT1" for complex group production of long planed molded parts with a double-sided profile directly from solid unedged sawn timber ". Registration number of the application No.93009406 / 15. Application publication date 1997.02.27.

The method involves performing on the sheets of the original lumber the total lower and upper contours of the КСН and КСВ, respectively, copying the bilateral profiles of the manufactured parts, and then the longitudinal sawing of the initial workpiece into long lengths with a two-sided profile of the part.

The disadvantage of this method is that, firstly, as can be seen from the drawings attached to the description, not used from 10 to 20% of the section of the slab on the untreated side unedged parts, which in the form of racks go to waste and require additional processing for their disposal.

Secondly, the method of vertical cutting of the slab is initially irrational, since it allows you to get commercial wood, limited by the height of the contour of the slab surface. This means that with an average height of the slab obtained from logs with a diameter of 200-300 mm, in this way it is possible to obtain only slats or bars of a small cross section and it is impossible to obtain edged boards, as if cutting was done with saws in a horizontal plane.

All of the above analogues do not allow to obtain the maximum yield of industrial wood from slabs as they apply vertical slab cutting. It is impossible to use horizontal cutting of the slab in the mentioned devices and methods, since they do not have base surfaces on the slab, which exclude the possibility of horizontal lateral movement of the slab during processing relative to its longitudinal axis.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed machine for processing slab is "Block-modular machine model SBMZ PILAT 1". Registration number No.93008149 / 15. Application publication date 1997.02.27.

The machine is a block consisting of three machine woodworking MSD.PILAT modules installed on a single welded base in the following sequence: an MSD1 type module is installed at the inlet (start of processing). PILAT with a lower spindle location, an MSD2 type module is installed in the middle. PILAT with the upper spindle arrangement, at the output (end of processing) a module of the MSDZ type is installed. PILAT with the lower spindle arrangement and edge saws for longitudinal vertical sawing of the workpiece.

Each module is equipped with a support with vertical movement and a spindle mechanism. The spindle mechanism consists of a front drive headstock with a spring-loaded center and a face plate with a prismatic leash and a tailstock with a moving quill, in which a rotating center is mounted. Between the centers there is a long tool holder with cutters forming a shaped profile of the workpiece.

Processing is performed on two layers with the formation of total bilateral contours and subsequent sawing into lengthy parts.

The disadvantage of the machine is that it is not intended for processing slabs, but for edged workpieces processed from two parallel sides on which the upper and lower profiles are made. At the same time, from 10 to 20% of the slab section along the untreated side uncut parts is not used, and they go to the waste in the form of a slab part and require additional processing for their disposal.

A machine assembled from separate modules turns out to be unreasonably elongated and heavier, since each of the modules has its own feed mechanism, in the form of a four-roller drive, which makes a total of 12 drive rollers, while only 6 rollers can be dispensed with.

In addition, to make very dimensional welded structures in one size and to set them in height on the base in one size, as well as vertically and horizontally, is quite laborious and problematic.

It should be noted that the summarized upper and lower profiles obtained by milling according to the above method and on the machine can be obtained from both sides on thick edged blanks and are not acceptable for processing slabs, since they do not provide the maximum yield of industrial wood from slabs.

The aim of the invention is to develop a rational method and machine for processing slabs, which allows to increase the yield of industrial wood from slabs and to exclude subsequent processing operations of its waste, while simplifying the design of the machine and reducing its metal consumption.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the method for producing edged sawn timber from slab, including longitudinal milling of the outer surface of the slab with the formation of a figured profile and sawing in one pass of the slab, according to the invention, the figured profile is formed in the form of a stepped pyramid with rectangular ledges, inscribed as much as possible into the contour the cross section of the slab, with the creation of the basic edged surfaces for sawing, and the longitudinal sawing is done with horizontal saws.

The vertical and horizontal planes of the first stage at the base of the formed pyramid profile and the vertical planes of the second stage of the formed profile are used as basic edged surfaces, and after longitudinal sawing with horizontal saws, sawing with vertical saws is performed.

In addition, to achieve this goal, a slab processing machine is provided, including a bed, a slab longitudinal feed mechanism, a top milling head with a horizontal spindle arrangement, forming a shaped profile of the processed slab and a sawing device in which according to the invention at least one milling head forms a figured profile in the form of a stepped pyramid with rectangular ledges and base surfaces, inscribed as much as possible into the contour of the cross section of the croaker, while ok equipped with fixed longitudinal and rotating guide elements located on opposite sides of the saw device, interacting with the base surfaces.

The vertical and horizontal planes of the first stage at the base of the formed pyramid profile and the vertical planes of the second stage of the formed profile are used as basic edged surfaces, and after longitudinal sawing with horizontal saws, sawing with vertical saws is performed.

The fixed guides are made in the form of rulers fixed on the machine bed and interacting with the lateral vertical base surfaces of the base of the formed pyramid profile, and the rotating guides are made in the form of rollers placed on the drive rollers of the longitudinal feed and interacting with the horizontal surfaces of the first stage and the vertical surfaces of the second stage of the formed pyramid profile.

The rotation of all the drive rollers of the longitudinal feed of the processed slab is synchronized, while all the upper rollers are spring-loaded.

The upper milling head is made with the possibility of vertical movement.

The saw device is equipped with saws with a horizontal arrangement of saw blades. However, the machine can be equipped with saws with a vertical arrangement of saw blades or simultaneously with horizontal and vertical arrangement of saw blades.

In addition, for processing thick slabs, the machine is equipped with an additional lower milling head with a horizontal spindle, forming vertical base surfaces along the edges of the slab, at the base of the first stage of the formed pyramid profile.

The axis of the spindles of the upper and lower milling heads are offset in the vertical plane relative to each other.

The invention also provides a second embodiment of the machine.

In a second embodiment, the slab processing machine includes a bed, a slab longitudinal feed mechanism, an upper milling head forming a shaped profile of the processed workpiece and a saw device, according to the invention, the machine is equipped with at least two lateral upper milling heads made with vertical spindles forming a shaped profile in the form of a stepped pyramid with rectangular ledges and base surfaces, inscribed as much as possible into the contour of the cross section of the slab, while one hundred approx provided with fixed and rotating longitudinal guide elements located on different sides of the cutting device cooperating with the base surfaces.

The vertical and horizontal planes of the base of the formed pyramid profile and the vertical planes of the second stage of the formed profile are used as the basic edged surfaces.

The fixed guides are made in the form of rulers interacting with the lateral vertical base surfaces of the base of the formed pyramid profile, and the rotating guides are made in the form of rollers placed on the drive rollers of the longitudinal feed and interacting with the horizontal surfaces of the first stage and the vertical surfaces of the second stage of the formed pyramid profile.

The rotation of all the drive rollers of the longitudinal feed of the processed slab is synchronized, while all the upper rollers are spring-loaded.

The upper side milling heads are located on opposite sides of the slab and are made with the possibility of oncoming horizontal movement of the cutting tool.

The saw device is equipped with saws with horizontal or vertical arrangement of saw blades, or simultaneously with horizontal and vertical arrangement of saw blades.

In addition, the machine is equipped with an additional lower milling head with a horizontal spindle, forming a vertical base surface along the edges of the slab, at the base of the first stage of the formed pyramid profile.

The axis of the spindles of the upper and lower milling heads are offset in the vertical plane relative to each other.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

Figure 1. The milled slab profile in the form of a stepped pyramid.

Figure 2. Lumber obtained by horizontal sawing from a milled profile.

Figure 3. Lumber obtained by vertical and horizontal sawing, from a milled profile.

Figure 4. General view of the machine with a horizontal spindle of the milling head and a horizontal arrangement of saws.

Figure 5. View along arrow A from figure 4 (view of the machine in plan).

6. Section BB with Figures 4, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20.

7. Section BB in FIG. 4.

Fig. 8. Section G-D with Figures 4, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20.

Fig.9. Section DD with figures 4, 11, 13, 15.

Figure 10. Section EE with FIGS. 4, 11, 13, 15, 17, 20.

11. General view of the machine with a horizontal arrangement of spindles of the upper and lower milling heads and a horizontal arrangement of saws.

Fig. 12. Section FJ with 11.

Fig.13. General view of the machine with a vertical arrangement of spindles of the upper upper milling heads and a horizontal arrangement of saws.

Fig.14. Section ZZ with Fig.13, 17, 20.

Fig.15. General view of the machine with the vertical arrangement of the spindles of the upper upper milling heads, the horizontal arrangement of the spindle of the lower milling head and the horizontal arrangement of saws.

Fig.16. Section II with Fig. 15.

Fig.17. General view of the machine with the vertical arrangement of the spindles of the upper upper milling heads and the horizontal and vertical arrangement of saws.

Fig. 18. Section LL with Fig.17, 20.

Fig.19. Section KK with Fig.17.

Fig.20. General view of the machine with the vertical arrangement of the spindles of the upper upper milling heads, the horizontal arrangement of the saws and the vertical arrangement of the upper and lower saws.

Fig.21. Section MM with Fig. 20.

A method of obtaining edged sawn timber from slab (Fig.1-3) includes longitudinal milling of the outer surface of slab 1 with the formation of a curved profile in the form of a step pyramid 2 with rectangular ledges, inscribed as much as possible into the contour of the cross section of the slab, with the creation of basic edged surfaces for sawing.

As the basic edged surfaces, vertical 3 and horizontal 4 planes of the first stage are used at the base of the formed pyramid profile and vertical planes 5 of the second stage of the formed profile.

After obtaining a curved profile, its longitudinal sawing is done with horizontal saws. Cutting with horizontal saws allows you to get a greater yield of commercial wood and, in particular, boards that cannot be obtained with vertical cutting. In turn, horizontal cutting became possible due to the fact that after milling the profile of the step pyramid, reliable base surfaces were obtained that excluded the transverse movement of the processed croaker.

At the same time, after longitudinal sawing with horizontal saws, it is possible to saw with vertical saws, which allows to increase the yield of industrial wood from slabs.

Milling and sawing operations are performed in one longitudinal slab pass.

To implement the method of producing edged lumber from slabs, a special machine has been developed in two versions.

In the first embodiment, the slab processing machine includes a bed 6 with a base table 7, on which the workable slab is laid, a slab longitudinal feeding mechanism, at least one upper milling head with a horizontal arrangement of the spindle 8 and milling cutters 9 (Figs. 4, 5, 7 ), forming the figured profile of the processed croaker in the form of a stepped pyramid with rectangular ledges and base surfaces, inscribed as much as possible into the contour of the croaker’s cross section. The upper milling head is made with the possibility of vertical movement.

As the basic edged surfaces, vertical 3 and horizontal 4 planes of the first stage are used at the base of the formed pyramid profile and vertical planes 5 of the second stage of the formed profile.

The mechanism of the longitudinal feed of the slab consists of three nodes 10, 11 and 12, each of which is equipped with a pair of drive upper and lower rollers. The rotation of all the drive rollers of the longitudinal feed of the processed slab is synchronized, while all the upper rollers are spring-loaded.

The longitudinal feed mechanism 10 contains (FIG. 6) the upper 13 corrugated and lower 14 smooth feed rollers.

The longitudinal feed mechanism 11 contains (Fig. 8) the upper 15 and lower 16 smooth feed rollers.

The longitudinal feed mechanism 12 contains (figure 10) the upper 17 and lower 18 smooth receiving rollers.

Between the mechanisms of longitudinal feeding 11 and 12 placed a saw device equipped with saws 19 with a horizontal arrangement of saw blades. However, the saw device can be equipped with saws with a vertical arrangement of saw blades or at the same time equipped with saws with a horizontal and vertical arrangement of saw blades (not shown).

In order to exclude the lateral movement of the slab during its processing, the machine is equipped with fixed longitudinal and rotating guide elements located on opposite sides of the saw device, interacting with the base surfaces.

The fixed guides are made in the form of rulers 20, mounted on the base table 7 and interacting with the lateral vertical base surfaces 3 of the base of the formed profile of the pyramid 2.

The rotating guides are made in the form of rollers 21 located on the upper drive rollers of the longitudinal feed and interacting with the horizontal surfaces of the first stage and the vertical surfaces of the second stage of the formed pyramid profile.

In order to reduce the diameter of the cutters 9 of the upper milling head when processing thick slabs, the machine is equipped with an additional lower milling head with a horizontal arrangement of the spindle 22 with cutters 23, which form the vertical base surfaces 3 along the edges of the slab, at the base of the first stage of the formed profile of the pyramid 2 (Fig. 11 )

The axis of the spindles of the upper and lower milling heads are offset in the vertical plane relative to each other.

In the second embodiment, as in the first, the slab processing machine (Figs. 13, 15, 17, 20) comprises a bed 6 with a basing table 7, on which the processed slab is laid.

As the basic edged surfaces, vertical 3 and horizontal 4 planes of the first stage are used at the base of the formed pyramid profile and vertical planes 5 of the second stage of the formed profile.

The fixed guides are made in the form of rulers 20, mounted on the base table 7 and interacting with the lateral vertical base surfaces 3 of the base of the formed profile of the pyramid 2.

The rotating guides are made in the form of rollers 21 located on the upper drive rollers of the longitudinal feed and interacting with the horizontal surfaces of the first stage and the vertical surfaces of the second stage of the formed pyramid profile.

The mechanism of the longitudinal feed of the slab consists of three nodes 10, 11 and 12, each of which is equipped with a pair of drive upper and lower rollers. The rotation of all the drive rollers of the longitudinal feed of the processed slab is synchronized, while all the upper rollers are spring-loaded.

Between the mechanisms of longitudinal feeding 11 and 12 placed a saw device equipped with saws 19 with a horizontal arrangement of saw blades (Fig.13).

The difference of the second option from the first is that the machine is equipped with at least two lateral upper milling heads, with the vertical arrangement of the spindles 24 with milling cutters 25 (Fig.13, 15, 17, 20), forming a shaped profile of the processed slab in the form step pyramids with rectangular ledges and base surfaces, inscribed as much as possible into the contour of the cross section of the croaker.

The upper side milling heads are located on opposite sides of the slab and are configured to counter horizontal movement of the cutting tool 25.

The machine can be equipped with a saw device with a vertical arrangement of saw blades (not shown).

In addition, the machine can be equipped with a saw device with a horizontal 7 and vertical arrangement of saw blades 26 (Fig.17), as well as additional upper vertical saw blades 27 (Fig.20), while a pair of exhaust rollers 28 and 29.

At the same time, the machine can be equipped with an additional lower milling head with a horizontal arrangement of the spindle 22 (Fig. 15), forming vertical base surfaces 3 along the edges of the slab, at the base of the formed pyramid profile, while the axes of the spindles of the upper and lower milling heads are shifted in the vertical planes relative to each other.

In both the first and second versions, the machine works almost identically.

The spindle 1 by the longitudinal feed mechanism 10 moves towards the milling device, in which the spindles with cutters can be installed in a horizontal or vertical position, or both. After milling, the slab acquires the profile of a stepped pyramid and is kept from lateral movement during processing by the fixed guides 20 and the rotating rollers 21. Then, with horizontal or vertical saw blades or a combination thereof, the profile of the step pyramid is sawn into sawn timber.

The proposed method and design of the machine for processing slabs can increase the yield of commercial wood. The combination of all operations in one machine, with the location of its nodes on the same frame, allowed us to create a compact and lightweight design that is available for use in small and medium-sized businesses.

Claims (26)

1. A method of producing edged sawn timber from a slab, including longitudinal milling of the outer surface of the slab with the formation of a figured profile and sawing in one pass of the slab, characterized in that the figured profile is formed in the form of a stepped pyramid with rectangular ledges, inscribed as much as possible in the cross section of the slab, s the creation of basic edged surfaces for sawing, and longitudinal sawing is done with horizontal saws. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical and horizontal planes of the first stage at the base of the formed pyramid profile and the vertical planes of the second stage of the formed profile are used as basic edged surfaces. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after longitudinal sawing with horizontal saws, sawing with vertical saws is performed. 4. Machine for processing the slab, including the bed, the mechanism of the longitudinal feed of the slab, the upper milling head with a horizontal spindle, forming a shaped profile of the processed slab, and a saw device, characterized in that at least one milling head forms a shaped profile in the form a step pyramid with rectangular ledges and base surfaces, as inscribed as possible in the contour of the cross section of the slab, while the machine is equipped with fixed longitudinal and rotating electric guides cops located on different sides of the cutting device cooperating with the base surfaces. 5. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the vertical and horizontal planes of the base of the formed pyramid profile and the vertical planes of the second stage of the formed profile are used as the basic edged surfaces. 6. The machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the fixed guides are made in the form of rulers interacting with the lateral vertical base surfaces of the base of the formed pyramid profile. 7. The machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotating guides are made in the form of rollers placed on the upper drive rollers of the longitudinal feed and interacting with the horizontal surfaces of the first stage and the vertical surfaces of the second stage of the formed pyramid profile. 8. The machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotation of all the drive rollers of the longitudinal feed of the processed slab is synchronized. 9. The machine of claim 8, characterized in that all of the upper rollers are spring-loaded. 10. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper milling head with a horizontal spindle is made with the possibility of vertical movement. 11. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the saw device is equipped with saws with a horizontal arrangement of saw blades. 12. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the saw device is equipped with saws with a vertical arrangement of saw blades. 13. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the saw device is equipped with saws with horizontal and vertical arrangement of saw blades. 14. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional lower milling head with a horizontal spindle, forming a vertical base surface along the edges of the slab at the base of the first stage of the formed pyramid profile. 15. The machine according to 14, characterized in that the axis of the spindles of the upper and lower milling heads are offset in a vertical plane relative to each other. 16. Machine for processing slabs, including a bed, a mechanism for the longitudinal feed of slabs, an upper milling head forming a shaped profile of the processed workpiece, and a saw device, characterized in that the machine is equipped with at least two lateral upper milling heads made with a vertical arrangement spindles forming a shaped profile in the form of a stepped pyramid with rectangular ledges and base surfaces, inscribed as much as possible into the contour of the cross section of the slab, while the machine is equipped with epodvizhnymi longitudinal and rotary guide elements disposed on opposite sides of the cutting device cooperating with the base surfaces. 17. The machine according to clause 16, characterized in that the vertical and horizontal planes of the base of the formed pyramid profile and the vertical planes of the second stage of the formed profile are used as the basic edged surfaces. 18. The machine according to clause 16, wherein the fixed guides are made in the form of rulers interacting with the lateral vertical base surfaces of the base of the formed pyramid profile. 19. The machine according to clause 16, wherein the rotating guides are made in the form of rollers placed on the upper drive rollers of the longitudinal feed and interacting with the horizontal surfaces of the first stage and the vertical surfaces of the second stage of the formed pyramid profile. 20. The machine according to claim 19, characterized in that the rotation of all the drive rollers of the longitudinal feed of the processed slab is synchronized. 21. The machine according to claim 20, characterized in that all the upper rollers are spring-loaded. 22. The machine according to clause 16, characterized in that the upper side milling heads are located on opposite sides of the slab and are made with the possibility of oncoming horizontal movement of the cutting tool. 23. The machine according to clause 16, wherein the saw device is equipped with saws with a horizontal arrangement of saw blades. 24. The machine according to clause 16, wherein the saw device is equipped with saws with a vertical arrangement of saw blades. 25. The machine according to clause 16, wherein the saw device is equipped with saws with horizontal and vertical arrangement of saw blades. 26. The machine according to item 16, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional lower milling head with a horizontal spindle, forming a vertical base surface along the edges of the slab at the base of the formed pyramid profile.

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