RU2310555C1 - Method for cutting of logs into radial sawed blanks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: woodworking, applicable for production of blanks with radial location of work grains.

SUBSTANCE: at first the log is sawed in half along its axis, then it is placed with the location surface coinciding with the log radius on a movable carriage, fixed, and fed by the half-log lateral motion mechanism to the zone of treatment to the blank width, where a blank of the preset thickness and width is cut in succession by the sawing-milling unit, after that the half-log is turned counterclockwise to the blank thickness by the angular motion mechanism. The cycle is repeated until the whole semi-ring is cut out, then the half-ring is placed in the initial position against and fed to the zone of treatment to the blank width, the cycle is repeated until the whole half-log is sawed into the blanks.

EFFECT: enhanced yield of radial blanks and improved their quality.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of woodworking and can be used in other sectors of the national economy, which require blanks with a radial arrangement of wood fibers, for example, in the manufacture of furniture from natural wood, glued panels and beams, wine riveting.

There are various ways of cutting round logs described in the specialized literature, for example, in the book of Kalitievsky R.E. "Technology of sawmilling" (ed. Forestry, 1986) p. 100, Fig. 20 - methods of sawing logs; in the “Handbook on sawmilling” edited by Ph.D. Hasdana S.M. (ed. Forest industry, 1980) p. 86, fig. IV.I - methods of cutting logs, book by Avdeev E.D. “Sawmill equipment” (published by Vysshaya Shkola, 1980) p. 202, Fig. 104 - methods for sawing logs in a number of other publications on sawmilling and wood processing.

The main objective of all known methods of sawing round timber is to obtain the maximum yield of sawn products with high productivity sawmill equipment, while little attention is paid to the structure of wood, which is one of the main indicators of its technological value. Meanwhile, the most valuable wood is located in certain areas of the log, the location of which is necessary when cutting. It should be remembered that about 1/3 of the diameter of the log in the core and under the bark is low-quality wood up to 10% of its volume. It should not be used in high-quality products and structures, avoiding logs when cutting, see "A Guide for Cutting Sawing Raw Materials" (ed. Lesnaya Industriya, 1974), p. 78. With the rapid development of the production of glued wooden parts and structures, high-quality natural wood furniture and parquet coatings preference is given to radial blanks, which provide stable characteristics during the production and operation of the product.

The closest solution to obtaining high-quality workpieces is the method of cutting logs used by the Chelyabinsk research and production association BARS in a machine with the same name (see the journal "Tree-RU", No. 4 for 2003, pp. 39, 42-43) . With the help of two circular saws of large diameter, located at an angle of 90 degrees to each other, and controlled by a computer, the yield of radial workpieces is significantly increased.

When using this method of cutting logs, it is still impossible to ensure a 100% yield of radial blanks, many of which do not have a clearly defined radial orientation. In addition, due to cuts of the most valuable peripheral part of the log in the form of slats and wide cut, the overall sawnwood yield is reduced.

The objective of the invention is such a method of sawing logs that provides a 100% yield of the most valuable sawnwood products on the market - radial sawn blanks with a high useful yield of finished products through the use of its peripheral part and the use of small diameter circular saws with thin cut.

The problem is solved as follows. The log is sawn in half along its axis. Then it is laid on a movable carriage having a device for clamping a half-log by its ends in the core area, a mechanism for transversely moving the half-logs to the width of the workpiece for feeding it into the processing zone and a mechanism for angular movement to the thickness of the workpiece, which ensures sequential cutting of the workpieces along the half-log ring. The given section of the workpiece is obtained by the corresponding installation of saw-milling units, while the middle of the workpiece is always oriented along the radius of the log. The horizontal surfaces of the workpiece are formed by a horizontally positioned base mill and a slotted saw, and the vertical surfaces of the workpiece are formed by a vertically positioned outer mill and a cutting saw.

The invention is illustrated by the figures:

- figure 1 shows a diagram of the cutting of a half-log into radial blanks, a view from the end of the log.

- figure 2 shows a diagram of the processing of half logs and the sequence of operations.

The method is as follows: sawn in half a log (type "a", figure 1) is placed on a movable carriage with its base, sawn, surface and is fixed on the rotary beam with a clamping device. Radial workpieces of a given thickness “T” and width “W” are sequentially cut from a half-log (type “b”, FIG. 1). The half-log is fed into the processing zone by the mechanism of transverse movement to the width of the workpiece and moves along the saw-milling units 1-4 (view "a", figure 2), sequentially performing the formation of the workpiece profile.

In this case, the base mill 1 (type "a, b", figure 2) processes the lower surface of the workpiece, and mill 2 (type "a, b", figure 2) processes its outer surface. Next, a horizontal slotted saw 3 (type “a, d”, FIG. 2), the workpiece is cut in thickness parallel to the radius of the log and a vertical cutting saw 4 (type “a, d”, FIG. 2) is cut in width. Thus, the outer edges of the workpiece are machined by milling cutters, revealing its structure well, and the internal ones by circular saws, ensuring accuracy and purity of processing.

Having finished cutting one workpiece, the half-log rotates counterclockwise to the thickness of the workpiece by the angular movement mechanism, setting the half-log in a new position, and the cycle is repeated until the entire half-ring is sawn into blanks.

After this, the half-log returns to its original position and the transverse movement mechanism pushes the half-log across the workpiece width into the processing zone to saw the next half-ring. This happens until a half-log is sawn to its central part - a pencil. At the end of sawing, the half-log pencil is released, the next half-log is loaded into the carriage, and the process is repeated.

For all the billets obtained in this way, the annual rings are perpendicular to the radius of the log and, due to the identity of the structure, have the same physical and mechanical properties that ensure stable characteristics during the production process.

An example of a specific application.

In the manufacture of carpentry panels, workpieces with a cross section of 22 × 40 mm, mainly radial sawing, are used. The workpieces are glued along the length of the toothed spike to obtain rails of a certain length, approximately 2.5-3 m, then processed on a four-sided planer and glued along the edge into the board of the required size.

With the same direction of the wood fibers in the workpieces, the elastic deformation of the wood eliminates warping of the shield made of radial sawing rails during the machining and subsequent operation of the product, since the internal stresses of the wood are balanced in such details and do not affect the behavior of the shield.

Thus, the task was achieved by cutting blanks along the radius of the log, in the area of the most valuable wood, the identity of the structure of the resulting blanks. All workpieces have a strictly radial orientation, and the surface quality meets the highest requirements due to the surface treatment with cutters and circular saws. Secondly, with this processing method, due to the use of saw-milling units, all waste generated in the production process in the form of sawdust and shavings is easily removed by pneumatic conveying, unlike the methods common today, where manual labor costs for waste disposal in the form of slabs, slices, slats, wood chips, etc. are quite large.

As a result of applying this method of cutting round timber, advantages are created in the form of:

1) obtaining a 100% yield of radial sawn blanks;

2) increase the output of sawn products due to the full use of the peripheral zone of the log and thin cut;

3) reduction in manual labor during waste disposal;

4) the possibility of complete automation of the process,

5) the manufacture of blanks of various sections from one installation.

Claims (1)

A method of cutting logs into radial sawn blanks, characterized in that the log is sawn in half along its axis, then laid with the base surface, which coincides with the radius of the log, on a movable carriage, fixed and half-logs are fed into the processing zone by the width of the workpiece by the mechanism of lateral movement, where it is consistently sawed milling units cut the workpiece of a given thickness and width, after which the half-log by the angular movement mechanism is rotated counterclockwise to the thickness of the workpiece and the cycle is repeated before cutting the entire half ring, then the half log is again set to its original position and fed into the processing zone to the width of the workpiece, and the cycle is repeated until the whole half log is sawn into workpieces.

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